Get the foundational knowledge you need in the area of visual optics with the text that is easy to comprehend, visually appealing, and engaging from cover to cover. Introduction to Visual Optics: A Light Approach covers the basic information you need in this complex area in a significantly more approachable manner than other resources on the market. You’ll find clear, easy-to-read explanations that work hand-in-hand with colourful charts, graphs, illustrations, and diagrams created by the author, Dr. Samantha Strong. This unique text is perfect for optometry students, optometrists, ophthalmology residents, student dispensing opticians, and others in the eye care field.Covers foundational visual optics knowledge, from refraction to reflection, vergence, and more in a fun, easy-to-read format.
Features a highly visual format, with full-colour illustrations, tables, and boxes throughout to aid in understanding and memory recall.
Discusses underlying principles of several key ophthalmic imaging techniques.
Includes experiments you can try at home (create your own cornea, build a camera obscura, create a blue sky in your kitchen, create an interference film, create a prism) with companion demonstration videos to facilitate and apply key learning objectives.
Contains approximately 200 practice questions and equations throughout that test your knowledge of core concepts.
An eBook version is included with purchase. The eBook allows you to access all of the text, figures and references, with the ability to search, customize your content, make notes and highlights, and have content read aloud.
Author(s): Samantha Strong PhD
Edition: 1
Publisher: Elsevier
Year: 2023
Language: English
Commentary: Publisher PDF | Published: October 4, 2022
Pages: 232
City: Cambridge, MA
Tags: Optics; Light; Color; Vergence; Refraction; Lenses; Reflection; Ray Tracing; Prisms; Focimetry; Photometry; Optical Instruments
Cover
Any screen. Any time. Anywhere.
Introduction to Visual Optics
Copyright
Dedication
Acknowledgements
Preface
Table of Contents
SECTION 1 Geometric and Basic Optics
1 Basics of light and colour
Objectives
Introduction
What is light?
How does light interact with objects?
Colours
Absence of light
Test your knowledge
2 Vergence and refraction
Objectives
Introduction
Key terms relating to light
Vergence
Vergence calculations
Refraction
Calculating angles
Lateral displacement
Spherical curved surfaces
Power
Focal length and focal points
Limiting spherical aberration
Object and image vergence
The weird and wonderful world of refraction through a single material
A load of hot air
The atmosphere
Test your knowledge
References
3 Thin lenses
Objectives
Introduction
What is a ‘thin lens’?
Power of a thin lens
Power of a single thin lens
Focal length
Vergence relating to a thin lens
Linear magnification
Image distance
Multiple thin lenses
Multiple thin lenses in contact
Multiple thin lenses separated by a distance
Vertex power
Step-along method
Equivalent lenses
Principal planes
Newton’s formulae
Magnification using Newton’s formulae
Test your knowledge
Reference
4 Thick lenses
Objectives
Introduction
Lens thickness
Thick lens power
Thick lens focal length
Image vergence and virtual objects
Virtual object method
Step-along method
Fresnel lenses
Test your knowledge
Reference
5 The reduced eye and spherical and cylindrical lenses
Objectives
Introduction
The human eye
A reduced eye
Spherical refractive error
Myopia
Hyperopia
Cylindrical error
Cross-cylinder technique
Focimetry
Test your knowledge
Reference
6 Reflection
Objectives
Introduction
What is reflection?
Laws of reflection
Image formation – plane surfaces
Multiple plane mirrors
Reflection at spherical curved surfaces
Focal length and focal points
Image formation
Linear magnification
Reflection at aspherical curved surfaces
Test your knowledge
7 Ray tracing
Objectives
Introduction
What is a ray diagram?
Ray tracing – single thin lens
Drawing lenses
Drawing objects and images
Rules for a positively powered lens
Rules for a negatively powered lens
Ray tracing – equivalent lenses
Rules for equivalent lenses
Ray tracing – spherical mirrors
Drawing mirrors
Rules for a positively powered (concave) spherical mirror
Rules for a negatively powered spherical mirror
How to scale your diagrams
Test your knowledge
8 Dispersion and chromatic aberration
Objectives
Introduction
Dispersion
Rainbows
Prisms
Chromatic aberration
Chromatic aberration in the human eye
Test your knowledge
Reference
9 Prisms
Objectives
Introduction
What is a prism?
Deviation of light
Minimum angle of deviation
Total internal reflection and critical angle
Images
Prismatic power
Prismatic lenses and base notation
Prismatic effects in spherical lenses
Test your knowledge
SECTION 2 Physical Optics
10 Superposition, interference and diffraction
Objectives
Introduction
Features of a single wave
Features of multiple waves
Utilising interference to measure distances
Diffraction
Single slit diffraction
Multiple slit diffraction
Circular diffraction
The resolving power of a system
Thin film interference (the fun side of interference)
Test your knowledge
Reference
SECTION 3 Clinical Applications
11 Focimetry
Objectives
Introduction
What is a focimeter?
How does a focimeter work?
Test your knowledge
12 Photometry
Objectives
Introduction
Angles and lights
Measurements of light
Luminous flux
Luminous intensity
Illuminance
Luminance
A cool experiment
Colour temperature
Test your knowledge
13 Optical instruments and low vision aids
Objectives
Introduction
Cameras
Telescopes
Galilean telescope
Keplerian telescope
Reflecting telescope
Low vision aids
Magnifiers
Adapted lenses
Assistive technology
Test your knowledge
References
14 Polarisation
Objectives
Introduction
Some light revision
Types of polarisation
Polarisation by transmission
Polarisation by reflection
Polarisation by refraction
Polarisation by scattering
Applications of polarisation
Photography
Sunglasses
3D films
Test your knowledge
Reference
15 Imaging the eye and measuring refractive error
Objectives
Introduction
Imaging the eye
Why can’t we see inside the eye anyway?
Ophthalmoscopy
Direct ophthalmoscopy
Indirect ophthalmoscopy
Gonioscopy
Direct gonioscopy
Indirect gonioscopy
Measuring refractive error
Applanation tonometry
Test your knowledge
References
16 Wavefront aberrations and adaptive optics
Objectives
Introduction
Wavefront aberrations
Types of aberrations
Aberrations in lenses
Aberrations in the human eye
Measuring aberrations in the eye
Removing aberrations
Test your knowledge
References
17 Optical coherence tomography
Objectives
Introduction
Some light revision
The interferometer
What is OCT?
Interferometry and OCT
Fibre-based time-domain OCT (TD-OCT)
Fibre-based Fourier-domain OCT (FD-OCT)
Swept-source OCT (sS-OCT)
Conventional versus en face
OCT angiography (OCT-A)
Clinical applications
Test your knowledge
SECTION 4 Experiments to Do at Home
18 Create your own camera obscura
Objectives
Introduction
The experiment
Equipment required
Method
Results
Test your knowledge
19 Create a blue sky at home
Objectives
Introduction
The experiment
Equipment required
Method
Results
Test your knowledge
20 Create a prism
Objectives
Introduction
The experiment
Equipment required
Method
Results
Test your knowledge
21 Measure the speed of light
Objectives
Introduction
The experiment
Notes of caution
Equipment required
Method
Results
Test your knowledge
22 Create a ‘cornea
Objectives
Introduction
The experiment
Equipment required
Method
Results
Test your knowledge
23 Kitchen thin film interference
Objectives
Introduction
The experiment
Equipment required
Method
Results
Test your knowledge
SECTION 5 Question Answers
Answers to practice questions
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Chapter 6
Chapter 8
Chapter 9
Chapter 10
Chapter 12
Chapter 13
Answers to test your knowledge questions
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Chapter 6
Chapter 7
Chapter 8
Chapter 9
Chapter 10
Chapter 11
Chapter 12
Chapter 13
Chapter 14
Chapter 15
Chapter 16
Chapter 17
Chapter 18
Chapter 19
Chapter 20
Chapter 21
Chapter 22
Chapter 23
Index
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
R
S
T
U
V
W
Z
