Introduction to Diagnostic Microbiology for the Laboratory Sciences provides a foundation in microbiology that is essential for a career as a medical laboratory technologist/technician (MLT). A key text for students and a helpful reference for practitioners, it reviews the microorganisms most commonly encountered in clinical settings and clearly explains basic laboratory procedures. This text provides a concise overview of topics and facilitates comprehension with learning objectives, key terms, case studies, and review questions. In addition, the text includes laboratory exercises, eliminating the need for a separate laboratory manual. Covering content required in the MLT curriculum and featured on the certification exam, this accessible text will help prepare students for a career in laboratory science. Key Features • Reviews the microorganisms most important in clinical practice • Explains basic laboratory procedures, such as specimen collection and staining • Includes laboratory exercises in the text–no need for a separate manual • Serves as a helpful on-the-job reference for laboratory practitioners • Provides practice questions to help students prepare for the medical technology certification exam CHAPTER PEDAGOGY: Chapter Outline, Key Terms, Learning Objectives, Procedures, Laboratory Exercises, Case Studies, Review Questions INSTRUCTOR RESOURCES: Image Bank with 247 photos and illustrations; PowerPoint Presentations per chapter; Laboratory Exercise Worksheets; and a Test Bank with 450 multiple choice questions and a 225-question exam. Introduction to Diagnostic Microbiology for the Laboratory Sciences is on the recommended reading list to prepare for the ASCP MLT exam. (American Society for Clinical Pathology, Medical Laboratory Technician exam)
Author(s): Maria Dannessa Delost
Edition: 1
Publisher: Jones & Bartlett Learning
Year: 2014
Language: English
Pages: 588
City: Burlington, MA
Title
Copyright
Dedication
Contents
Preface
Acknowledgments
Reviewers
CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Clinical Microbiology
Classification and Taxonomy
Characteristics of Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes
Bacterial Components
Cellular Metabolism
Exotoxins and Endotoxins
The Role of Clinical Microbiology
The Infectious Process
Normal Flora
Modes of Transmission—Routes of Infection
True versus Opportunistic Pathogens
Host Defense Mechanisms
Signs of Infection
Nosocomial and Health Care–Associated Infections
Review Questions
Bibliography
CHAPTER 2 Safety in the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory
Laboratory Safety
Exposure Control
Safety Education
Universal Precautions and Standard Precautions
Personal Protective Equipment
Engineering Controls
Postexposure Plan
Fire Safety
Chemical Safety
Review Questions
Bibliography
CHAPTER 3 Specimen Collection, Transport, and Processing: Preliminary Identification Methods
General Specimen Guidelines
Specimen Collection Requirements for Specific Sites
Respiratory Tract
Gastrointestinal Tract
Urine
Blood
Cerebrospinal Fluid
Genital Tract
Wound and Abscesses
Specimen Transport and Processing
Initial Specimen Plating and Identification Methods
Microscopic Examination of Clinical Specimens
Selection and Inoculation of Primary Media
Preliminary Biochemical Tests
Carbohydrate Utilization
Catalase
Cytochrome Oxidase
Coagulase
Spot Indole
PYR Hydrolysis
Quality Control
Laboratory Procedures
Quality Control
Quality Control
Review Questions
Bibliography
CHAPTER 4 Microscopy, Staining, and Traditional Methods of Examination. .
Microscopy
Brightfield Microscopy
Direct Examination Methods
Staining Methods
Methylene Blue
Gram Stain
Acid-Fast Stains
Fluorescent Stains
Fungal Stains
Antibody-Conjugated Stains
Laboratory Procedures
Quality Control
Laboratory Exercises
Review Questions
Bibliography
CHAPTER 5 Automation, Immunodiagnostics, and Molecular Methods
Multitest Systems
Automated Identification Systems
Principles
Automated Systems for Identification
Immunochemical Methods
Antigens and Antibodies
Immunochemical Methods to Detect Microorganisms
Immunofluorescence
Immunoserological Techniques
Acute and Convalescent Phase Specimens
Immunoserological Applications
Introduction to Molecular Techniques
Nucleic Acid Probes
Amplification Methods
Nucleic Acid Sequencing
Review Questions
Bibliography
CHAPTER 6 Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing
Overview of Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing
Selection of Antibiotics
Categories and Types of Antibiotics
Antimycobacterial Agents
Antifungal Agents
Antiviral Agents
Resistance to Antimicrobial Agents
Intrinsic Resistance
Acquired Resistance
Laboratory Methods for Susceptibility Testing
Disk Diffusion Susceptibility Testing
Quantitative Dilution Susceptibility Testing
Specific Methods to Determine Bacterial Resistance
Laboratory Procedures
Laboratory Exercises
Review Questions
Bibliography
CHAPTER 7 Staphylococci and Other Catalase-Positive Gram-Positive Cocci
Gram-Positive Cocci
Staphylococcus
Staphylococcus aureus
Specimen Collection
Infectious Processes
Detection of Antibiotic-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
Laboratory Procedures
Laboratory Exercises
Review Questions
Bibliography
CHAPTER 8 Streptococcus, Enterococcus, and Related Organisms
Streptococcus
Classification
β-Hemolytic Streptococcus
Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A Streptococcus)
Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Streptococcus)
Miscellaneous β-Hemolytic Streptococcus
Viridans Streptococci
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Streptococcus bovis Group
Enterococcus
Nutritionally Variant Streptococci (NVS): Abiotrophia and Granulicatella
Other Catalase-Negative Streptococcal-Like Organisms
Laboratory Procedures
Laboratory Exercises
Review Questions
Bibliography
CHAPTER 9 Neisseria
Characteristics of Neisseria
Identification of Neisseria Species
Infectious Process
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Neisseria meningitidis
Moraxella catarrhalis
Miscellaneous Neisseria
Laboratory Procedures
Laboratory Exercises
Review Questions
Bibliography
CHAPTER 10 Enterobacteriaceae
Characteristics of Enterobacteriaceae
Serological Characteristics
Isolation
Identification
Identification and Significance of Selected Enterobacteriaceae
Escherichia coli
Shigella
Klebsiella-Enterobacter-Serratia-Hafnia Group (Tribe Klebsielleae)
Proteeae
Antibiotic Susceptibility and Treatment
Laboratory Procedures
Laboratory Exercises
Review Questions
Bibliography
CHAPTER 11 Nonfermentative Gram-Negative Bacilli
Characteristics of Nonfermenters
Identification of Nonfermenters
Family Pseudomonadaceae
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Pseudomonas fluorescens and P. putida
P. stutzeri and P. mendocina
Burkholderia
Ralstonia
Acinetobacter
Stenotrophomonas
Alcaligenes
Achromobacter
Moraxella
Oligella
Chryseobacterium
Kingella
Laboratory Procedures
Laboratory Exercises
Review Questions
Bibliography
CHAPTER 12 Miscellaneous Gram-Negative Bacilli: Part 1
Vibrio
Vibrio cholerae
Other Vibrio
Campylobacter
Helicobacter
Aeromonas
Plesiomonas
Laboratory Procedures
Review Questions
Bibliography
CHAPTER 13 Miscellaneous Gram-Negative Bacilli: Part 2
Haemophilus
Isolation
Identification
Haemophilus influenzae
Miscellaneous Haemophilus Species
Legionella
Bordetella
Brucella
Pasteurella
Francisella
Streptobacillus
HACEK Group
Chromobacterium
Laboratory Procedures
Laboratory Exercises
Review Questions
Bibliography
CHAPTER 14 Gram-Positive Bacilli
Spore Formers
Bacillus
Nonspore Formers
Catalase Positive and Nonbranching
Catalase Negative and Simple Branching
Branching or Partially Acid Fast Gram-Positive Bacilli
Miscellaneous Gram-Positive Bacilli
Review Questions
Bibliography
CHAPTER 15 Spirochetes
Borrelia
Relapsing Fever
Borrelia burgdorferi
Treponema
Treponema pallidum
Other Treponemes
Miscellaneous Spirochetes
Leptospira
Review Questions
Bibliography
CHAPTER 16 Anaerobes
Overview of Anaerobes
Oxygen Tolerance
Specimen Collection and Transport
Identification
Anaerobic Culture Media and Incubation
Culture Media
Incubation
Biochemical and Other Identification Methods
Clinically Relevant Anaerobes
Anaerobic Gram-Negative Bacilli
Anaerobic Gram-Positive Spore-Forming Bacilli: Clostridium
Clostridium tetani
Clostridium botulinum
Clostridium perfringens
Clostridium difficile
Miscellaneous Clostridia
Anaerobic Gram-Positive Non–Spore-Forming Bacilli
Anaerobic Gram-Positive Cocci
Anaerobic Gram-Negative Cocci
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing for Anaerobes
Laboratory Procedures
Laboratory Exercises
Review Questions
Bibliography
CHAPTER 17 Mycobacterium
Classification
Specimen Collection
Specimen Processing
Staining
Culture Media
Identification
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex
Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Tuberculosis
Photochromogens
Scotochromogens
Nonphotochromogens
Rapid Growers: Mycobacterium Fortuitum Chelonei Complex
Laboratory Procedures
Laboratory Exercises
Review Questions
Bibliography
CHAPTER 18 Chlamydia, Mycoplasma, and Rickettsia
Chlamydiaceae
Chlamydia trachomatis
Chlamydophila psittaci
Chlamydophila pneumoniae
Mycoplasma
Rickettsiaceae
Rickettsia rickettsii
Rickettsia akari
Rickettsia prowazekii
Rickettsia typhi
Orientia tsutsugamushi
Anaplasmataceae
Ehrlichia
Coxiella
Review Questions
Bibliography
CHAPTER 19 Introduction to Virology
Viral Structure and Characteristics
Viral Replication
Specimen Selection, Collection, and Processing
Laboratory Methods in Virology
Serological Detection of Viral Antibodies
Selected Medically Important Viruses
Adenovirus
Hepatitis Viruses
Herpes Viruses
Papillomaviridae
Papovaviruses
Poxviruses
Arboviruses
Filoviridae
Picornaviridae
Orthomyxoviridae
Paramyxoviridae
Rhabdoviridae
Reoviridae
Caliciviruses
Retroviridae
Review Questions
Bibliography
CHAPTER 20 Introduction to Medical Mycology
Introduction to Mycology
Specimen Collection
Identification Methods
Culture Media
Microscopic Examination of Growth
Incubation and Macroscopic Morphology
Fungal Infections
Superficial Mycoses
Subcutaneous Mycoses
Systemic Mycoses: Dimorphic Fungi
Yeast and Yeast-Like Fungi
Candida
Opportunistic Saprobic Fungi
Serological Testing
Laboratory Procedures
Laboratory Exercises
Review Questions
Bibliography
CHAPTER 21 Introduction to Medical Parasitology
Introduction and Definitions
Specimen Collecting, Processing, and Examining of Stool Specimens
Collection and Processing of Stool Specimens
Microscopic Examination
Direct Smears
Concentration Methods for Stool Specimens
Permanently Stained Mounts
Blood Specimens
Protozoa
Intestinal Amoebas
Free-Living Amoebas
Intestinal Flagellates
Intestinal Ciliate
Intestinal Coccidia
Miscellaneous Protozoa
Sporozoa from Blood and Tissue
Hemoflagellates
Trypanosomes
Nematodes
Strongyloides stercoralis
Hookworms: Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale
Enterobius vermicularis
Ascaris lumbricoides
Trichuris trichiura
Trichinella spiralis
Blood and Tissue Nematodes: Filarial Worms
Cestodes
Diphyllobothrium latum
Hymenolepsis nana
Hymenolepsis diminuta
Dipylidium canium
Taenia saginata, T. solium, and T. asiatica
Echinococcus granulosus
Trematodes
Intestinal Flukes
Schisotosomes: Blood Flukes
Laboratory Procedures
Laboratory Exercises
Review Questions
Bibliography
CHAPTER 22 Clinical Specimens
Introduction
Primary Plating of Specimens
Blood Cultures and Bacteremia
Types and Causes of Bacteremia
Blood Culture Specimen Collection
Manual Blood Cultures
Automated Blood Culture Systems
Microorganisms Associated with Blood Infections
Cerebrospinal Fluid—Meningitis and Central Nervous System Infections
Collection and Analysis of CSF
Respiratory Tract Specimens and Infections
Upper Respiratory Tract
Throat Specimens
Lower Respiratory Tract
Diagnosis of Lower Respiratory Tract Infections—Sputum Specimens
Eye and Ear Specimens and Infections
Urinary Tract Specimens and Infections
Urine Collection and Processing
Colony Count
Automated Urine Screening Methods
Gastrointestinal Tract Specimens and Infections
Specimen Collection and Processing
Genital Tract Specimens and Infections
Specimen Collection for Urogenital Infections
Direct Examination
Skin and Wound Specimens and Infections
Specimen Collection for Wound and Skin Infections
Pleural, Peritoneal, Pericardial, and Synovial Fluids
Pleural Fluid
Peritoneal Fluid
Pericardial Fluid
Synovial Fluid
Laboratory Procedures
Case Studies and Review Questions
Bibliography
Glossary
Index
