Innovative Energy Conversion from Biomass Waste

Front Cover
INNOVATIVE ENERGY CONVERSION FROM BIOMASS WASTE
INNOVATIVE ENERGY CONVERSION FROM BIOMASS WASTE
Copyright
Contents
Contributors
1 - An overview of biomass waste utilization
1.1 Introduction: energy, sustainability, and efficiency
1.2 Global energy situation
1.3 Biomass waste as renewable energy
1.4 Biomass waste properties
1.5 Biomass waste potential
1.5.1 Biomass waste management for bioenergy
References
2 - Process and products of biomass conversion technology
2.1 Biomass upgrading
2.2 Thermochemical conversion
2.2.1 Combustion
2.2.2 asification
2.2.2.1 Moving bed gasifier
2.2.2.2 Fluidized bed gasifier
2.2.2.3 Entrained flow gasifier
2.2.2.4 Entrained-flow gasifier
2.2.3 Pyrolysis
2.2.4 Biomass liquefaction
2.2.5 Thermochemical cycle
2.3 Biochemical conversion
2.3.1 Anaerobic digestion
2.3.2 Fermentation
2.3.3 Photobiological H2 production
2.4 Correlated technologies
2.4.1 Steam reforming
2.4.2 Water-gas shift reaction
2.4.3 Gas separation
2.4.4 Liquid hydrocarbons via Fischer Tropsch
References
3 - Application of exergy analysis and enhanced process integration
3.1 The first law of thermodynamics mass and energy rate balances for a steady flow process
3.2 The second law of thermodynamics and entropy
3.3 Exergy concept
3.3.1 Exergy and energy
3.3.2 Classification of exergy
3.3.3 Exergy efficiency
3.4 Exergy analysis of biomass conversion process
3.5 Process modeling and exergy efficiency improvement
3.5.1 Pinch analysis
3.5.1.1 The temperature–enthalpy diagram and composite curves
3.5.1.2 The use of composite curves to determine the energy targets
3.6 Enhanced process integration: new approach
3.6.1 Separation and material recovery system
3.6.2 Biomass drying based on heat circulation technology through exergy elevation and heat pairing
3.7 Integrated cogeneration system from biomass adopting enhanced process integration: an example
References
4 - Proposed integrated system from black liquor
4.1 Conventional energy recovery from black liquor
4.2 Bio-based proposed system employing evaporation, gasification, and combined cycle
4.2.1 Proposed black liquor evaporation system
4.2.2 Integrated process for gasification and power generation
4.2.3 General conditions during simulation
4.2.4 Evaporation system performance
4.2.5 System's efficiency
4.3 Black liquor–based hydrogen and power coproduction combining supercritical water gasification (SCWG) and chemical looping
4.3.1 General conditions and detailed proposed process
4.3.2 Performance of integrated system and analyses
4.4 Efficient black liquorcogeneration of hydrogen and electricity via gasification and syngas chemical looping
4.4.1 The overall proposed cogeneration system
4.4.2 Process modeling and calculation of gasification and syngas chemical looping
4.4.3 Syngas chemical looping and power generation system
4.4.4 General assumptions
4.4.5 Performance of gasification, syngas chemical looping system, and overall system
4.5 Coproduction of power and ammonia from black liquor
4.5.1 Overall process combination and common assumptions
4.5.2 Syngas chemical looping and NH3 synthesis
4.5.3 Analysis of energy performance
4.5.4 Calculation result and analyses
References
5 - Integrated ammonia production from the empty fruit bunch
5.1 Ammonia for hydrogen storage
5.2 Studies on ammonia production
5.3 Efficient ammonia production from empty fruit bunch via hydrothermal gasification, syngas chemical looping, and NH3 synthesis
5.3.1 The general assumption for the calculation
5.3.2 Supercritical water gasification of empty fruit bunch for syngas production
5.3.3 Syngas chemical looping
5.3.4 Haber process for NH3 production
5.3.5 System analyses
5.4 Direct ammonia production via a combination of carbonization and thermochemical cycle from the empty fruit bunch
5.4.1 Proposed system configuration
5.4.2 Process simulation and analysis methodology
5.4.3 Results and analyses of the proposed system based on enhanced process integration
5.4.4 Performance of thermochemical cycle
5.4.5 Performance of power generation system
References
6 - Integrated systems from agricultural waste for power generation
6.1 Integrated system of rice production and electricity generation
6.1.1 Process modeling and analysis
6.1.1.1 Superheated steam drying
6.1.1.2 Husking and polishing processes
6.1.1.3 Proposed integrated system for torrefaction, steam gasification, and power generation
6.1.2 Results and discussion
6.1.2.1 Superheated steam drying and milling performance
6.1.2.2 Comparison with parboiling process
6.1.2.3 Performance of torrefaction, gasification, and power generation
6.2 Coal cofiring of hydrothermal-treated empty fruit bunch
6.2.1 Overall system design
6.2.1.1 Process integration: process modeling and calculation
6.2.2 Result and discussion
6.3 Conclusion
References
7 - Exergoeconomic, exergoenvironmental, and conclusion
7.1 Exergoeconomic and exergoenvironmental analysis
7.2 Summary of the book, limitations, and the main conclusion
7.3 Main conclusion
References
Index
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