This book reports thermo-mechanical coupling constitutive equations and impact damage distributions of 3-D braided composite materials under impulsive loadings, in multidisciplinary fields among mechanical engineering, textile engineering and impact dynamics. The 3-D braided composite is one of the unique textile composites with integrated braided preform structure. Currently the 3-D braided composite has been rapidly applied to aerospace, automotive and medical engineering because the materials could realize the integration of material structure to manufacture complex structural parts and reduce the number of assembly connections. This book presents a thermo-mechanical coupled multiscale geometrical model of the 3-D braiding composite beams and tubes for analyzing damage mechanisms under various impact velocities. Impact deformation and damage morphologies have been described both in experimental observations with high speed cameras, micro-CT and finite element analyses. All the impact damages are shown in figures for unveiling the relationships between microstructure and failure modes. This provides a vivid way for how to design braided structures with high impact damage tolerance. The book is intended for graduate students who are interested in composite materials and mechanics, researchers investigating on impact dynamics of composite structure design, and engineers working on impact-proof structure design.
The English translation of this book from its Chinese original manuscript was done with the help of artificial intelligence (machine translation by the service provider DeepL.com). A subsequent human revision of the content was done by the author.
Author(s): Meiqi Hu, Bohong Gu
Series: Engineering Materials
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2021
Language: English
Pages: 307
City: Singapore
Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgments
Contents
Abbreviations
Chapter 1: Literature Review
1.1 Textile Composites
1.2 3-D Braided Composites
1.2.1 3-D Braided Composite Beams
1.2.2 3-D Braided Composite Tubes
1.3 Impact Damages on Textile Composites
1.3.1 3-D Braided Composite Beams
1.3.2 3-D Braided Composite Tubes
1.4 Multiscale Structures
1.5 Thermo-mechanical Coupling
References
Chapter 2: Thermo-mechanical Coupling Constitutive Equations of Braided Composites
2.1 Stiffness Matrix of Constituents
2.2 Elastic-Plastic Constitutive Equations of Constituents
2.3 Failure Criteria
2.4 Adhesive-Cohesive Model of Interface Damage
2.5 Thermo-mechanical Coupling Constitutive Equations
References
Chapter 3: Multiscale Geometric Model of 3-D Braided Composites
3.1 Full-Size Geometric Model of Beam
3.2 Full-Size Geometric Model of Tube
3.3 Unit Cell/Microstructure Hybrid Model
3.4 Transverse Impact Model
3.4.1 Full-Scale Meso-structure Composite Beam
3.4.2 Meso-structure of the Braided Composite Tube
3.4.3 Hybrid Unit Cell/Meso-structure Composite Beam
3.5 Axial Impact Model
3.5.1 Analysis Step Settings
3.5.2 Contact Condition Setting
3.5.3 Constraints and Loading Conditions
3.5.4 Mesh Element Division
References
Chapter 4: Transverse Impact of Braided Beams
4.1 Preparation of 3-D Braided Carbon Fiber/Epoxy Resin Composite Beams
4.2 Thermo-mechanical Properties of Resin
4.3 Testing Setup
4.4 Effects of Braiding Angles and Impact Velocities
4.4.1 Test and Finite Element Results
4.4.2 Damage Morphologies and Failure Modes
4.5 Effects of Braiding Angles and Temperatures
4.5.1 Impact Compression Behavior of Epoxy Resins at Different Temperatures
4.5.2 Test and Finite Element Results
4.5.3 Coupling Effects of Temperature and Braiding Angle
4.5.4 Damage Morphologies and Failure Modes
4.5.5 Temperature and Structural Effects on Impact Damages
4.6 Effects of Braided Structures
References
Chapter 5: Transverse Impact of Braided Tubes
5.1 Preparation of 3-D Braided Carbon Fiber/Epoxy Resin Composite Tubes
5.2 Testing Setup
5.3 Effects of Impact Velocities
5.3.1 Test Results
5.3.2 Damage Morphologies
5.4 Effects of Braiding Angles
5.4.1 Test Results
5.4.2 Damage Morphologies
5.5 Effects of Braided Layers
5.5.1 Test Results
5.5.2 Damage Morphologies
5.6 Effects of Axial Yarns
5.6.1 Test Results
5.6.2 Damage Morphologies
References
Chapter 6: Axial Impact Damages of Braided Tubes at Room Temperature
6.1 Testing Setup
6.1.1 Quasi-static Compression Tests
6.1.2 Impact Compression Test
6.1.3 Test Signal for Impact Compression
6.2 3-D Four-Directional Braided Composite Tubes
6.2.1 Braiding Angle Effect
6.2.2 Braided Layer Effect
6.2.3 Strain Rate Effect
6.2.4 Structural and Strain Rate Effects
6.2.5 Failure Modes
6.3 3-D Five-Directional Braided Composite Tubes
6.3.1 Strain Rate Effect
6.3.2 Axial Yarn Effect
6.3.3 Structural and Strain Rate Effects
6.3.4 Failure Modes
Reference
Chapter 7: Axial Impact Damages of Braided Tubes at Low Temperature
7.1 Testing Setup
7.1.1 Test Setup and Principles
7.1.2 Test Signals
7.2 Quasi-static Stress-Strain Response
7.3 Stress-Strain Curves at High Strain Rates
7.3.1 Strain Rate Effect
7.3.2 Temperature Effect
7.4 Strain Rate and Temperature Effects
7.5 Compression Failure Modes
7.5.1 Macroscopic Failure Modes
7.5.2 μ-CT Observations
Reference
Chapter 8: Multiscale Structure Mechanisms on Transverse Impact Damages in Beams
8.1 Braiding Angles
8.1.1 Braided Beams
8.1.2 Braided Tubes
8.1.2.1 Impact Deformation History
8.1.2.2 Transverse Impact Stress Propagation and Distribution
8.1.2.3 Test Validation of the FEA Model
8.2 Braided Layers
8.2.1 Impact Deformation History
8.2.2 Propagation and Distribution of Transverse Impact Stress
8.2.3 Test Validation of the Damage Mode
8.3 Axial Yarns
8.3.1 Braided Beams
8.3.2 Braided Tubes
8.3.2.1 Impact Deformation History
8.3.2.2 Transverse Impact Stress Propagation and Distribution
8.3.2.3 Test Validation of the Damage Mode
8.4 Impact Velocities
8.4.1 Braided Beams
8.4.2 Braided Tubes
8.4.2.1 Impact Deformation History
8.4.2.2 Propagation and Distribution of Transverse Impact Stress
8.4.2.3 FEA Model Verification
References
Chapter 9: Multiscale Structure Mechanisms on Axial Compressive Impact Damages
9.1 Braiding Angles
9.1.1 Axial Impact Compression History
9.1.2 Stress-Strain Curves
9.1.3 Damage Morphologies
9.2 Braided Layers
9.2.1 Axial Impact Compression History
9.2.2 Stress-Strain Curve
9.2.3 Damage Morphologies
9.3 Axial Yarns
9.3.1 Quasi-static Axial Compression History
9.3.2 Impact Compression Behaviors
9.3.2.1 Axial Impact Compression History
9.3.2.2 Stress-Strain Curves
9.3.2.3 Damage Morphologies
References
Chapter 10: Impact Strength with Thermo-mechanical Coupling Effect
10.1 Structural Effect at Room Temperature
10.2 Structural Effect at High Temperature
10.3 Temperature Effect
10.4 Low-Temperature Behaviors for the Braided Tubes
10.4.1 Stress-Strain Curves
10.4.2 Thermo-mechanical Coupling Finite Element Analysis
10.4.3 Thermo-mechanical Coupling Failure
10.4.3.1 Stress Distribution
10.4.3.2 Temperature Rise Distribution
References
Chapter 11: Summary
11.1 Multiscale Impact Damage Mechanisms of Braided Composite Beams
11.2 Transverse Impact Damage Mechanisms of Braided Composite Tubes
11.3 Axial Impact Damages of Braided Composite Tubes
Index
