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Ichnology of the Lowlands of South America: Paleoichnological Studies in Continental Cenozoic Rocks

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Ichnology is the science of marks, tracks, trails, traces structures and other sources of evidence of biological activity, beyond the living beings themselves, when studied both in continents and oceans. In spite of its scientific value and interdisciplinary contribution, particularly in South America, in the complex task of identifying ancient environments, information is dispersed and sometimes even ignored. This book has recovered the remarkably abundant information that Ichnology of terrestrial environments has incorporated. The studied geographical regions are the Pampas of Argentina, vast lowlands with a wide latitudinal distribution in between the warm and wet subtropical areas and the cold deserts of Patagonia. Pedogenetic processes preserve tracks and marks found in sediments, rock surfaces and soils, revealing the activity of life forms. This book refers to a variety of signs of biological activity, particularly in ancient soils. This volume includes abundant original information and a meticulous revision of paleo-ichnological investigations, most by the author himself, one of the most important South American specialists, during many decades of his dedication to scientific research. The book includes a review of the stratigraphic sequences of the Cenozoic chronostratigraphic scheme. Firstly, the author provides a scrutiny of the continental ichnofacies and the ichnological record of the South American Cenozoic age. This is followed by chapters dedicated to the faunal associations of vertebrates, with very valuable information about the past climatic events and biogeographical changes, of undoubted value for those scholars interested in vertebrate Paleontology. Likewise, the highly relevant ichnotaxonomy is also developed exhaustively, with special reference to the essential activity of insects in the paleosols, mostly ants and termites.

Finally, this book presents the most complete, extensive and up-dated bibliography in the subject, which is probably unique as such for southern South America and most of the world.

Certainly, this is a book that will provide valuable scientific tools for those specialists interested in this infrequent discipline, either paleontologists, biologists, geologists, pedologists and sedimentologists.

Author(s): José Herminio Laza
Series: Springer Earth System Sciences
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2021

Language: English
Pages: 121
City: Cham

Contents
About the Author
1 Introduction
1.1 Introduction
1.2 The Geological Context
1.2.1 The Territory
1.2.2 The Sedimentary Units
1.2.3 Paleosols
1.2.4 Chronology
References
2 The Paleontological Context. Ichnology
2.1 Scheme of Continental Ichnofacies
2.2 The Ichnological Record in the Cenozoic of Pampasia
2.2.1 Vertebrate Footprints (Fig. 2.3a and b)
2.2.2 Coprolites (Fig. 2.4)
2.2.3 Gastroliths, Enteroliths or Bezoars (Fig. 2.5)
2.2.4 Egagropiles (Fig. 2.6)
2.2.5 Krotovinas (Fig. 2.7a, b, and c)
2.2.6 Rhizolites (Fig. 2.8)
2.2.7 Crabs and Their Signs of Activity (Fig. 2.9a, b)
2.2.8 Activity of Dermestids
2.2.9 Smooth and Meniscated Tubes (Fig. 2.10a, b)
2.2.10 Castrichnus Incolumis Verde et al. (2006) (Fig. 2.11)
2.2.11 Edaphichnium Bown and Kraus 1983 (Fig. 2.12)
2.2.12 Mima-Type Mounds
2.3 Insect Nests in Paleosols
2.3.1 Ichnofamily Celliformidae Genise 2000
2.3.2 Ichnofamily Krausichnidae Genise 2004
2.3.3 Ichnogenus and Ichnospecies Found in Pampasia
References
3 Faunistic Associations and Climatic Events During the Pan-Araucanian Cycle
3.1 Chasicoan (Fig. 3.1)
3.2 Huayquerian (Fig. 3.2)
3.3 Montehermosan (Fig. 3.3a, b)
3.4 Chapadmalalan (Fig. 3.4)
3.5 Marplatan
3.5.1 Barrancalobian Sub-stage (Fig. 3.5)
3.6 Marplatan
3.6.1 Vorohuan Sub-stage (Fig. 3.6)
3.7 Marplatan
3.7.1 Sanandresian Sub-stage
3.8 Faunistic Associations and Climatic Events During the Pan-Pampean Cycle
3.8.1 Ensenadan (Fig. 3.7a, b)
3.8.2 Marine Transgressions in the Pleistocene
3.8.3 Bonaerian (Fig. 3.8a, b and c)
3.8.4 Lujanian (Fig. 3.10)
3.8.5 Pleistocene Extinctions and the Arrival of Man
3.8.6 Holocene Marine Ingressions (Fig. 3.11)
3.8.7 Platan (Fig. 3.12)
References
Conclusions