Hydrological Modeling: Hydraulics, Water Resources and Coastal Engineering

Contents
About the Editors
1 Performance Improvement of Usbr VI Stilling Basin Model for Pipe Outlet
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Experimental Arrangement and Procedure
1.2.1 Criteria for the Performance of Evaluation for a Stilling Basin
1.3 Results and Discussions
1.3.1 Comparison of USBR VI with Newly Developed Model
1.4 Conclusions
References
2 Bio-Inspired Genetic Algorithm for Optimal Design of Water Distribution Networks
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Methods
2.3 Methodology
2.4 Benchmark Problems Considered in the Study
2.5 Results and Discussion
2.6 Conclusions
References
3 Assessments of Meteorological Drought Indices Using SPI and RDI in Mehsana Region, Gujarat, India
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Review of Literature
3.3 Study Area and Data Collection
3.4 Material and Methods
3.4.1 Standardized Precipitation Index
3.4.2 Reconnaissance Drought Index
3.5 Results and Analysis
3.6 Comparisons of SPI and RDI
3.7 Conclusions
References
4 Top Surface Soil Moisture Retrieval Using C-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar Over Kudremukh Grasslands
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Study Area and Data Products
4.2.1 Location
4.2.2 Remote Sensing Data and Pre-processing
4.2.3 Experimental Measurements
4.3 Methodology
4.4 Results and Discussion
4.4.1 Backscattered Coefficient (Σ°) and NDVI
4.4.2 Backscattered Coefficient (Σ°) and Volumetric Soil Moisture Content
4.4.3 Soil Moisture Model
4.5 Conclusions
References
5 Meteorological Drought Assessment in the Bharathapuzha River Basin
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Study Area and Data
5.2.1 Study Area
5.2.2 Data Collection and Pre-processing
5.3 Methodology
5.3.1 Delineation of the River Basin
5.3.2 Trend Analysis
5.3.3 Standardized Precipitation Index for Drought Analysis
5.4 Results and Discussions
5.4.1 Trend Analysis
5.4.2 Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI)
5.5 Summary and Conclusions
References
6 Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Mean Pressure Coefficient on C-Shaped Building with and Without Round Corner
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Experimentation
6.2.1 Feature of Experimental Setup
6.2.2 Details of Models
6.3 Numerical Modelling
6.3.1 Numerical Analysis
6.3.2 Domain and Meshing
6.3.3 Boundary Condition
6.4 Results and Discussion
6.4.1 Experimental Results
6.4.2 Numerical Analysis
6.5 Conclusions
References
7 A Framework for the Selection of Threshold in Partial Duration Series Modeling
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Methodology
7.2.1 Overview of Partial Duration Series
7.2.2 Framework to Select the Threshold Values Using Different Concepts
7.2.3 Randomness Test of PDS
7.2.4 Stationarity Test of PDS
7.2.5 Outline of GP-Poisson Distribution Model
7.3 Results and Discussion
7.3.1 Threshold Values Using Different Concepts
7.3.2 Randomness Test of PDS
7.3.3 Stationarity Test of PDS
7.3.4 Verification of the Poisson Distribution with Change in Threshold
7.3.5 GP Distribution Model
7.4 Conclusions
References
8 Integrated RUSLE and GIS Approach for Estimating Soil Erosion of Watershed in Karjat
8.1 Introduction
8.1.1 Factors Affecting Soil Erosion
8.1.2 Integrated Watershed Management Program
8.2 Methodology
8.2.1 RUSLE Soil Erosion Model
8.2.2 Computation of RUSLE Factors
8.3 Result and Analysis
8.4 Conclusion
References
9 Swat Application for Water Balance Assessment of Koyna River Basin, Maharashtra, India
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Study Area
9.3 Data
9.4 Methodology
9.5 Results and Discussion
9.6 Summary and Conclusions
References
10 Identification of Suitable Sites for Water Storage Structure in Andhiyarkore Watershed of Chhattisgarh State India
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Description of the Study Area
10.3 Methodology
10.3.1 Slope
10.3.2 Lineament
10.3.3 Geology
10.3.4 Stream Order
10.3.5 Runoff Coefficient
10.3.6 Land Use and Land Cover
10.3.7 Soil
10.3.8 Settlement
10.3.9 Suggested Suitable Sites
10.4 Results
10.5 Conclusion
References
11 Drought Analysis Using Standardized Precipitation Index and Supplemental Irrigation Planning in Banka, Bihar
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Study Area
11.3 Methodology
11.3.1 Study of Drought and Identification of Dry Spell
11.3.2 Planning of Supplemental Irrigation for the Dry Spell
11.4 Results and Discussion
11.4.1 Drought Study
11.4.2 Rainfall Departure
11.4.3 Critical Dry Spells
11.4.4 Computation of Supplemental Irrigation Requirement
11.5 Conclusion
References
12 Multisite Calibration of the Ghataprabha Sub-Basin Using Soil and Water Assessment Tool
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Study Area
12.3 Methodology
12.3.1 Description of SWAT Steps
12.4 Calibration Process
12.4.1 Station 1: GOTURU
12.4.2 Station 2: DADDI
12.4.3 Station 3: GOKAK
12.4.4 Station 4: BAGALKOT
12.5 Results
12.6 Conclusion
References
13 Agricultural Drought Assessment Using GIS: A Case Study
13.1 Introduction
13.1.1 Types of Drought
13.2 Study Area
13.2.1 Command Area
13.2.2 Agricultural Performance
13.2.3 Water Resources
13.3 Materials and Methods
13.3.1 Drought Indices
13.3.2 Data Collection
13.4 Results and Conclusion
13.4.1 Recommendation in Terms of Early Warning System
13.4.2 Recommendation in Terms of Farmers’ Preparedness
References
14 Design of Branched Pipe Networks Using Reliability and Total Annual Cost
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Methodology
14.2.1 Pipeline Cost
14.2.2 Energy Cost
14.2.3 Total Annual Cost
14.2.4 Reliability
14.2.5 Reliability Cost Ratio
14.3 Design Example and Discussion
14.3.1 Example
14.3.2 Solution
14.4 Conclusions
References
15 An Experimental Study on the Effect of Soil Characteristics and Infiltration Rate on Hortons Decay Constant
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Methodology
15.3 Results and Discussion
15.4 Conclusion
References
16 Genetic Algorithm for Minimization of Variance of Pipe Flow-Series for Looped Water Distribution Networks
16.1 Introduction
16.2 New Formulation for Minimum Variance
16.3 Genetic Algorithm
16.3.1 Decision Variables
16.3.2 Representation Scheme
16.3.3 Feasibility Conditions and Penalty Function
16.3.4 Fitness Function
16.3.5 Reproduction Operator
16.3.6 Crossover
16.3.7 Elitism
16.4 Optimal Design for Level-One Redundancy
16.5 Illustrative Network
16.6 Summary and Conclusions
References
17 Applications of Building Information Modelling for Water Infrastructure Development
17.1 Introduction
17.2 BIM Water Network System Design Potentials
17.3 BIM-Based Water System Analysis
17.4 BIM and GIS Combined Water Infrastructure Planning and Management
17.5 Case Study
17.6 Current Limitations in Implementing BIM-Based Techniques
17.7 Conclusions
References
18 Snow Cover Change in Kullu District Using Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Objectives of Study
18.3 Study Area
18.4 Observed Climatological Trend Over Study Area
18.4.1 Temperature
18.4.2 Rainfall
18.4.3 Snowfall and Coldwave
18.5 Methodology
18.6 Results and Discussion
18.7 Conclusion
References
19 Forecasting Standardized Precipitation Index Using Wavelet-Coupled MARS and SVM Model in Punpun River Sub-Basin (Bihar), India
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Theoretical Overview
19.2.1 Multivariate Adaptive Regressions Spline (MARS)
19.2.2 Support Vector Machine (SVM)
19.2.3 Wavelet
19.2.4 Discrete Wavelet Transforms (DWT)
19.3 Study Area and Data Collection
19.4 Methodology
19.4.1 Calculation of Standardized Precipitation Index
19.4.2 Application of Discrete Wavelet Transformation (DWT)
19.4.3 Model Performance Evaluation Criteria
19.5 Result and Discussion
19.6 Conclusion
References
20 Error Due to DEM Sources in Catchment Area and River Network Using D8 Algorithm
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Description of the Study Area
20.3 Description of Data Sets Used
20.4 Methodology
20.5 Results and Discussions
20.5.1 Error in Extraction of River Network Using D8 Method
20.5.2 Error in Automatic Basin Boundary Delineation
20.5.3 Topographic and Basin Characteristics
20.6 Conclusions
References
21 Dam Break Flow Simulation Model for Preparing Emergency Action Plans for Bargi Dam Failure
21.1 Introduction
21.2 Study Area
21.3 Methodology
21.3.1 Empirical Method
21.4 Result Analysis
21.4.1 Breach Parameter Results
21.4.2 Analysis of Simulation Results
21.4.3 Flood Inundation Map
21.5 Conclusion
References
22 Discrepancy in Infiltration Equation Parameters While Using Ponded and Tension Boundary Pressure Head Conditions
22.1 Introduction
22.2 Study Area and Methodology
22.2.1 Field Experiments
22.2.2 Models Used for Analysis
22.2.3 Comparison of the Model Results
22.2.4 Sensitivity Analysis
22.3 Results and Discussion
22.4 Conclusions
References
23 Using CartoDEM Data for Dam Break Flood Hazard Mapping in a Hilly Terrain
23.1 Introduction
23.2 Study Area
23.2.1 Description of Dhauliganga Dam
23.2.2 Downstream River Stretch
23.3 Data Used
23.4 Methodology for Dam Break Analysis
23.4.1 Estimation of Breach Parameters
23.4.2 Flood Routing
23.5 Results and Discussions
23.5.1 Dam Break Analysis
23.5.2 Disaster Management Plan
23.5.3 Sensitivity of Breach Parameters
23.6 Conclusions
References
24 Hydrologic and Hydraulic Modelling of a Bridge
24.1 Introduction
24.2 Study Area and Data
24.3 Methodology
24.3.1 Derivation of Synthetic Unit Hydrograph
24.3.2 Estimation of Design Flood Hydrographs
24.3.3 Hydraulic Analysis in HEC-RAS
24.4 Result and Discussions
24.4.1 Estimation of Design Flood
24.4.2 Hydraulic Modelling of Bridge
24.5 Conclusions
References
25 New Approach to Evolve Soil Water Retention Curve in Lower Kosi Basin, India
25.1 Introduction
25.2 Review of Work
25.3 Study Area
25.3.1 Soil Sample Collection and Laboratory Analysis
25.3.2 Specific Gravity
25.3.3 Bulk Density
25.3.4 Porosity
25.3.5 Particle Size Distribution
25.3.6 Organic Carbon
25.3.7 Soil Water Content
25.4 Evolving New Methods for Soil Water Retention Characteristics
25.4.1 Governing Equations Evolved Using the Above Criteria
25.5 Results and Discussions
25.5.1 Approach 1 and Approach 2
25.6 Conclusions
Appendix 1
References
26 Variability of Rainfall, Temperature, and Potential Evapotranspiration at Annual Time Scale Over Tapi to Tadri River Basin, India
26.1 Introduction
26.2 Study Area
26.3 Materials and Methods
26.3.1 Preliminary Statistical Analysis
26.3.2 Methodology
26.4 Results and Discussions
26.4.1 Trends in Rainfall
26.4.2 Trends in Temperature
26.4.3 Trends in PET
26.5 Conclusions
References
27 Design of Water Distribution Network for Educational Institute for Revised Demand
27.1 Introduction
27.2 Study Area and Data Collection
27.3 Model Development and Analysis
27.3.1 Loop v4.0
27.3.2 Bentley WaterGEMS Connect Edition
27.4 Optimal Placement of Valves
27.5 Results and Discussions
References
28 Application of Numerical Modelling for Geomorphological Evolution and River Bank Shifting Part of Damodar River
28.1 Introduction
28.1.1 Objective
28.2 Study Area
28.3 Data Used and Method
28.4 Result and Discussion
28.5 Conclusion
References
29 Study on Impact of Urbanization by SWAT Model in Iril River, Northeast India
29.1 Introduction
29.2 SWAT Theory
29.3 Location of Study Area
29.4 Data Materials and Methodology
29.5 Prediction of LULC
29.6 Runoff Depth and Maximum Discharge
29.7 Validation
29.8 Conclusions
References
30 Comparison of Soil Infiltration Models Under Varying Land Cover Conditions in a Micro Watershed of Western Himalayan Region
30.1 Introduction
30.2 Materials and Methods
30.2.1 Study Area
30.2.2 Selection of Sampling Sites and Field Tests
30.2.3 Infiltration Models
30.3 Results and Discussions
30.4 Conclusion
References
31 Rainfall–Runoff Studies of Brahmani River Basin Using ANN
31.1 Introduction
31.2 Study Area
31.3 Methodology
31.3.1 Feed-Forward Back-Propagation Neural Network
31.3.2 Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA)
31.3.3 Evaluation Criteria
31.3.4 ANN Model Development for Prediction Runoff
31.4 Results and Discussion
31.4.1 Comparison Graph of ANN Model and ARIMA Model
31.5 Conclusions
References
32 Estimation and Management of Irrigation Water Using WEAP Model in Tandula Reservoir Command Area
32.1 Introduction
32.2 Materials and Methods
32.2.1 Study Area
32.2.2 Crop Water Requirement
32.2.3 Optimization Model for the Optimal Crop Pattern
32.3 Data Required
32.3.1 Meteorological Data
32.3.2 Soil Data
32.3.3 Crop Data
32.3.4 Minimum Support Price (MSP) and Annual Investment
32.4 Results and Discussion
32.4.1 Reference Evapotranspiration (ETref)
32.4.2 Crop Water Requirement (CWR) or Crop Evapotranspiration (ETc)
32.4.3 Net Irrigation Requirement (NIR)
32.5 Conclusions
References
33 Integrated Hydrological and Hydraulic Model for Prediction of Inflows into Hathnur Reservoir
33.1 Introduction
33.2 Study Area
33.3 Methodology
33.3.1 Rainfall–Runoff Model HEC-HMS
33.3.2 Hydrodynamic Model HEC-RAS
33.3.3 HEC-RTS Setup
33.4 Results and Discussions
33.5 Conclusions
References
34 Hydrologic Modeling with SWAT in an Eastern Indian River Basin Using Different Gridded Data Sets
34.1 Introduction
34.2 Materials and Methods
34.2.1 Study Area
34.2.2 Data Used
34.2.3 Model Setup
34.3 Results and Discussions
34.3.1 Uncertainty in Precipitation Products
34.3.2 Hydrological Model Evaluation
34.4 Conclusion
References
35 Analysis of Seepage from Parallel Triangular Furrows by Inverse Hodograph and Conformal Mapping Technique
35.1 Introduction
35.2 Statement of the Problem
35.3 Mapping of the One Half of the Inverse Hodograph (dz/dw) Plane onto Auxiliary t-Plane
35.4 Mapping of the dz/dw Plane onto the Auxiliary t-Plane; - inftylet le0
35.5 Mapping of the Complex Potential w-Plane onto the Auxiliary t-Plane
35.6 Relation Between the Physical Flow Domain z-Plane and the Auxiliary t-Plane for 0 let le1
35.7 Location of the Phreatic Line
35.8 Results and Discussion
35.8.1 Variation of yE/H with Spacing (Lf/H)
35.8.2 Variation of  Q/Q0 (m) with Spacing ( Lf /H )
35.8.3 Loci of Phreatic Lines for Different Side Slopes
35.8.4 Variation of Slope of the Tangent to the Phreatic Line
35.8.5 Adequacy in Furrow Spacing
35.8.6 Checking the Water Availability in Root Zone at Various Furrow Spacing
35.9 Conclusions
35.10 Appendix(es)
35.11 Appendix 1
35.12 Appendix 2
35.13 Appendix 3
35.14 Appendix 4
35.15 Appendix 5
References
36 Sustainable Rainwater Harvesting System and Storm Water Management: A Case Study in Raipur Airport
36.1 Introduction
36.2 Methodology
36.3 Result and Discussion
36.4 Conclusion
References
37 Hydrological Modeling of Dam Inflow Data Under Restricted Upstream Abstraction Data
37.1 Introduction
37.2 Materials and Methods
37.2.1 Model Description
37.2.2 The Study Site
37.2.3 Model Parameterisation, Calibration and Validation Procedures
37.2.4 Model Performance Criteria
37.3 Results and Discussion
37.4 Conclusions
References
38 Assessment of Agricultural Drought Vulnerability Using Remote Sensing and GIS: A Case Study of Lower Cauvery Basin, Tamil Nadu, India
38.1 Introduction
38.2 Study Area
38.3 Methodology
38.4 Results and Discussion
38.5 Conclusion
References
39 Assessment of Impact of Spatial Distribution of Rainfall on Streamflow Modelling Using Arcswat in the Noyyal River Catchment Tamil Nadu, India
39.1 Introduction
39.2 Description of the Study Area
39.2.1 Study Area
39.2.2 Data Collection
39.3 Methodology
39.3.1 Hydrological Model
39.3.2 SWAT Parameters
39.3.3 Model Efficiency Index
39.4 Results and Discussion
39.5 Conclusions
References