This book explores the nuances of how discriminatory events are viewed by people of color. Based on the authors' research, it seeks to illuminate the contextual and relational variables that influence perception of discrimination. The research suggests that:
- Ingroup members can perpetuate racist discrimination;
- Consistent with attribution theory, discrimination by White people is more often attributed to trait rather than situational causes;
- Consistent with cultural betrayal trauma theory, perceived racist discrimination by ingroup members can be more acutely distressing because it is unexpected.
Filling a gap in the microaggression literature, this book provides an in-depth picture of discrimination and what individuals can do to offset the insidious effects of White supremacy. It highlights the importance of centering the experiences of people of color in describing ambiguous social interactions, with greater attention to the context, background, and relationships between perpetrators and targets of racist discrimination. It presents a clear next step in advancing our understanding of the attributes of discrimination. The benefits of comprehensive education and critical consciousness development are emphasized.
Author(s): Christin A. Mujica, Ana J. Bridges
Series: SpringerBriefs in Psychology
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2023
Language: English
Pages: 97
City: Cham
Acknowledgments
Contents
About the Authors
Chapter 1: Introduction and the Need for Nuanced Research on Racial/Ethnic Discrimination
1.1 Racial/Ethnic Discrimination and Racism
1.2 Levels of Racism
1.3 Overt vs. Subtle Discrimination
1.4 Vertical vs. Horizontal Discrimination
1.5 Gaps in Our Understanding of Racial/Ethnic Discrimination
1.6 Focus of the Book
1.7 Summary
References
Chapter 2: Why Might People Commit Acts of Horizontal Discrimination?
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Racial/Ethnic Identity Development
2.3 Critical Consciousness Development
2.4 Summary
References
Chapter 3: What Is Known About How People of Color Interpret and React to Horizontal Racial/Ethnic Discrimination?
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Attributions of Behavior
3.3 Attribution Errors
3.4 The Black Sheep Effect
3.5 Cultural Betrayal Trauma Theory
3.6 Attribution Errors, Black Sheep, Cultural Betrayal, and Responses to Horizontal Discrimination
3.7 Current Study
3.8 Summary
References
Chapter 4: A Qualitative Study of Racial/Ethnic Discrimination
4.1 Participants
4.2 Recruitment
4.3 Procedure
4.3.1 Debriefing
4.4 Time Period of Data Collection
4.5 Measures
4.5.1 Demographic Information
4.5.2 Interview
4.6 Qualitative Analyses
4.7 Summary
References
Chapter 5: What Do People of Color Believe About Racism and Discrimination Based on an Ingroup/Outgroup Distinction of the Perpetrator?
5.1 Overview of Themes
5.2 Theme 1: Racism—Power as Systemic or Interpersonal
5.2.1 Power as Systemic
5.2.2 Interpersonal
5.3 Theme 2: Discrimination—Bias and Negative Action
5.4 Theme 3: Historical Origins and Intersectionality
5.4.1 Sociopolitical History
5.4.2 Intersectionality
5.5 Theme 4: “All My Skinfolk Ain’t Kinfolk”
5.6 Putting It All Together
5.7 Summary
Chapter 6: How Does Context Impact Attributions of Racial/Ethnic Discrimination?
6.1 Overview of Themes
6.2 Theme 5: Overt Is Clearly Discriminatory
6.3 Theme 6: Subtle—It’s Different from People of Color
6.4 Putting It All Together
6.5 Summary
Chapter 7: What Are the Affective Consequences of Horizontal Versus Vertical Racial/Ethnic Discrimination?
7.1 Overview of Themes
7.2 Theme 7: “They Should Know Better”—Shocked, Betrayed, and Hurt
7.3 Theme 8: More Empathy for Ingroup Members
7.4 Theme 9: Racism from White People—Expected But Angering and Frustrating
7.5 Putting It All Together
7.6 Summary
Chapter 8: Implications and Future Directions
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Review of Hypothesized Outcomes
8.3 Results Summarized
8.4 Cubic Model
8.5 Additional Considerations: Intersectionality, Frequency of Behavior, and Relationships
8.6 Conclusion
8.7 Summary
References
Appendices
Appendix A: Key Terms
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Appendix B: Interview Guide
Index
