Since the development of the first modules, hollow fibers have totally revolutionized the world of membranes—thanks to the new technological breakthroughs and innovative materials discovered. The importance of a book putting hollow fibers in the spotlight owes to this type of configuration being more and more appreciated, particularly in large-scale applications. Moreover, the advent of nanofibers has injected new vitality in biomedical research, air and water separation and filtration processes, and emerging areas of nanotechnology. This book singles out and highlights the unique properties that hollow fibers and nanofibers display in the fields where they already represent the dominant configuration and where their full exploitation is still hindered by economic and technological constraints.
Author(s): Alberto Figoli, Mir Saeed Seyed Dorraji, Francesco Galian
Publisher: Jenny Stanford Publishing
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 486
City: Singapore
Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Preface
Chapter 1: An Introduction to Hollow Fiber Membranes
1.1: General Consideration on Membranes
1.2: Brief History of Hollow Fibers
1.3: Hollow Fibers in Membrane Science
1.4: Market
1.5: Future Outlook
Chapter 2: Preparation and Characterization of Polymeric Hollow Fibers by Phase-Inversion Techniques
2.1: Introduction
2.2: Preparation of Hollow Fibers by Spinning Process
2.3: Techniques Employed for the Preparation of Polymeric Hollow Fibers
2.4: Dope Solution and Spinning Parameters
2.4.1: Effect of Dope Solution Composition
2.4.1.1: Polymer concentration
2.4.1.2: Solvent
2.4.1.3: Additives
2.4.2: Effect of Dope Solution Viscosity
2.4.3: Effect of Spinning Parameters
2.4.3.1: Polymer solution flow rate
2.4.3.2: Bore fluid type and flow rate
2.4.3.3: Air gap
2.4.4: Effect of the Coagulation Bath
2.4.5: Effect of the Post-Treatments
2.4.6: Effect of Hollow Fiber Shape
2.5: Polymers Used
2.6: Characterization of Hollow Fiber Membranes
2.6.1: Microscopy Techniques
2.6.2: Pore Size and Pore-Size Distribution
2.6.2.1: Bubble point method
2.6.2.2: Mercury intrusion porosimetry method
2.6.2.3: Liquid–liquid porometry method
2.6.3: Differential Scanning Calorimetry
2.6.4: Fourier Transform Infrared
2.6.5: Contact Angle
2.6.6: Mechanical Properties
2.7: Conclusion and Future Perspectives
Chapter 3: Preparation and Characterization of Polymeric Nanofibers by Electrospinning
3.1: Introduction
3.2: Electrospinning Process
3.3: Electrospinning Approaches for Electrospun Membrane Fabrication
3.3.1: Single Spinneret Electrospinning
3.3.2: Coaxial and Triaxial Electrospinning
3.3.3: Nanofiber Alignment
3.3.4: Multi-Spinneret Electrospinning
3.3.5: Melt Electrospinning
3.3.6: Three-Dimensional Electrospun Membrane
3.3.7: Inorganic and Mixed Matrix Nanofiber Membranes
3.3.8: Post-treatment Techniques
3.3.8.1: Heat-press treatment
3.3.8.2: High-energy irradiation
3.3.8.3: Chemical depositions
3.3.8.4: Coating
3.4: Scale-up for Industrial Production
3.5: Features of Electrospun Membranes and Surface Modifications
3.6: Electrospun Membrane Characterization
3.6.1: Morphological Characterization
3.6.2: Structural Properties
3.6.3: Hydrophilic/Hydrophobic Character
3.7: Applications of Electrospun Membrane
3.7.1: Electrospun Membrane in Air and Water Filtration
3.7.2: Electrospun Membrane in Desalination
3.8: Conclusion
Chapter 4: Preparation and Characterization of Inorganic Hollow Fibers
4.1: Introduction
4.2: Structure of Inorganic Hollow Fiber Membranes
4.3: Ceramic Hollow Fiber Membranes
4.3.1: Perovskite Oxide Hollow Fiber Membranes
4.3.2: Zeolite Hollow Fiber Membranes
4.3.3: Metal-Organic Framework Hollow Fiber Membranes
4.4: Carbon Family Fiber Membranes
4.5: Characterization Techniques
4.6: Conclusion and Future Outlook
Chapter 5: Preparation and Characterization of Mixed Matrix Hollow Fibers
5.1: Introduction to Mixed Matrix Membranes
5.2: Filler/Polymer Interface Morphology
5.3: Inorganic Fillers in Hollow Fiber MMMs
5.3.1: Metal-Organic Frameworks
5.3.2: Zeolites
5.3.3: Carbon-Based Fillers
5.3.4: Metal Oxide and Metal Nanoparticles
5.4: Fabrication of MMMs
5.5: Characterization of Hollow Fiber MMMs
5.6: Conclusion
Chapter 6: Hollow Fibers in Micro- and Ultrafiltration Processes of the Agrofood Production
6.1: Introduction
6.2: Clarification of Fruit Juices
6.3: Wine and Beer Processing
6.4: Milk and Whey Processing
6.5: Agrofood Wastewaters Processing
6.6: Future Outlook
Chapter 7: Hollow Fibers for Reverse Osmosis and Nanofiltration
7.1: Reverse Osmosis and Hollow Fiber Membranes
7.1.1: Mechanism of Reverse Osmosis
7.1.2: Early Development of Hollow Fiber RO Membranes
7.1.3: Recent Developments in Hollow Fiber RO Membranes
7.2: Nanofiltration and Hollow Fiber Membranes
7.2.1: Mechanism of Nanofiltration
7.2.2: Development of Hollow Fiber NF Membranes
7.2.2.1: Phase-inversion NF hollow fibers
7.2.2.2: TFC and TFN NF hollow fibers
7.2.2.3: Organic solvent NF hollow fibers
7.2.2.4: NF hollow fibers prepared from other methods
7.2.3: Challenges in NF Hollow Fiber Membranes Fabrication
Chapter 8: Fiber-based Membrane Distillation for Desalination and Wastewater Treatment
8.1: Introduction
8.2: Membrane Distillation Configurations
8.3: Wastewater Treatment
8.3.1: Commercial
8.3.2: Research
8.4: Seawater Treatment
8.4.1: Commercial
8.4.2: Research
Chapter 9: Hollow Fiber Membranes for Gas Separation
9.1: Introduction
9.2: Hollow Fibers for Gas Separation Processes
9.2.1: Air Separation
9.2.2: Biogas Upgrading
9.2.3: Natural Gas Treatment
9.2.3.1: Natural gas sweetening: CO2/CH4 and CH4/H2S separation
9.2.3.2: Helium separation from natural gas
9.2.4: H2 Recovery
9.2.5: Flue Gas Purification
9.2.6: Facilitated Transport Membranes for Olefin/Paraffin Separation
9.3: General Concepts of HF Membrane Pre
9.3.1: Dual-Layer Asymmetric Hollow Fiber
9.3.1.1: To create different outside coagulation conditions
9.3.1.2: Spinning to prepare TFCs in a single operation
9.3.1.3: Multi-layer TFC-HF
9.3.1.4: TFCs by dip coating and dynamic coating
9.3.2: Melt Spinning
9.3.3: Special Design Features
9.4: Post-Treatment
9.4.1: Crosslinking and Chemical Modification of Membranes
9.4.2: Thermal Rearrangement: TR Polymers
9.4.3: Pyrolysis: Carbon Molecular Sieve Membranes
9.5: Membrane Materials and Properties
9.5.1: Rubbery Polymer Membranes
9.5.2: Glassy Polymer Membranes
9.5.3: Polymer Blend Membranes
9.5.4: Mixed-Matrix Membranes
9.5.4.1: Issues on the fabrication of HF-MMMs
9.6: Hollow Fiber Properties and Characterization
9.6.1: Mechanical Properties
9.6.2: Swelling/Plasticization
9.6.3: Thermal Properties
9.6.4 Physical Ageing
Chapter 10: Hollow Fibers for Pervaporation Separations
10.1: Introduction
10.2: Theoretical Basis of PV Technology
10.3: Starting Developments in Hollow Fibers for PV Technology
10.4: Dehydration of Organics
10.5: Organic–Water Separations
10.6: Water Desalination
10.7: Concluding Remarks
Chapter 11: Hollow Fiber and Nanofiber Membranes in Bioartificial Organs and Tissue Engineering
11.1: Introduction
11.2: Fibers for Bioartificial Liver and Tissue Engineering
11.2.1: HF Membrane Systems for Bioartificial Liver
11.2.2: Hollow Fibers to Induce Hepatic Differentiation
11.2.3: Nanofibers in Liver Tissue Engineering
11.3: Fiber Membranes for Neuronal Tissue Regeneration
11.4: Fibers for Bone Tissu Engineering
11.4.1: Ceramics in BTE
11.4.2: Polymeric Composite Membranes for BTE
11.4.3: Scaffold Surface Functionalization and Porous Network
11.5: Conclusion and Future Perspectives
Index
