This book provides a comprehensive review of hermaphroditism in fishes. It focuses on the behavioral ecology of functional hermaphroditism in fishes and discusses its evolution.
Approximately 99% of all vertebrate species consist of separate-sex individuals (gonochorists), i.e., pure males and pure females. The other 1% of vertebrate species are hermaphroditic, and almost all of them are fishes. Among hermaphroditic fishes, four major types of hermaphroditism are known: simultaneous (or synchronous) hermaphroditism, protandry (male-to-female sex change), protogyny (female-to-male sex change), and bidirectional sex change (or reversed sex change in protogynous species).
The book examines the occurrence of hermaphroditism in relation to phylogeny and mating systems. It also reviews the hypotheses for the evolution of hermaphroditism, and the size-advantage model, which is the main theory for the evolution of sex change, tested in relation to the mating system. The appendix in the last chapter provides an annotated list of hermaphroditic fish species (ca. 500 spp.).
Author(s): Tetsuo Kuwamura, Kota Sawada, Tomoki Sunobe, Yoichi Sakai, Tatsuru Kadota
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 255
City: Singapore
Preface
References
Contents
Contributors
Chapter 1: Evolution of Hermaphroditism in Fishes: Phylogeny and Theory
1.1 Types and Frequencies of Hermaphroditism in Fishes
1.2 Phylogeny of Hermaphroditic Fishes and Their Habitat
1.3 Theories for the Evolution of Hermaphroditism
1.4 Mating System and Social Control of Sex Change
1.5 Physiological Mechanisms of Sex Change
1.6 Conclusions
References
Chapter 2: Simultaneous Hermaphroditism in Fishes
2.1 What Is Simultaneous Hermaphroditism?
2.2 Evolutionary Theory for Simultaneous Hermaphroditism
2.3 Deep-Sea Aulopiforms
2.4 Self-Fertilization and Androdioecy in Killifishes
2.5 Hermaphroditism and Egg Trading in Serranids
2.6 Other Taxa
2.7 Future Research Directions
2.8 Conclusions
References
Chapter 3: Protandry in Fishes
3.1 Evolution of Protandry and Types of Sexual Patterns
3.2 Anemonefish (Amphiprion; Pomacentridae)
3.2.1 Mating System and Proximate Cause of Sex Change
3.2.2 Why Monogamy?
3.2.3 Non-size Assortative Monogamy and Evolution of Protandry
3.2.4 Mating System and Sexual Pattern in High-Density Populations
3.3 Flatheads (Platycephalidae)
3.4 Seabreams (Sparidae)
3.5 Plasticity of Sexual Patterns in the Protandrous Fishes
3.6 Conclusions
References
Chapter 4: Protogyny in Fishes
4.1 History of the Study of Protogynous Sex Change in Fish Biology
4.2 Mating Systems of Protogynous Fishes
4.2.1 Harem Polygyny
4.2.1.1 Cohabiting Female-Type Harem
4.2.1.2 Territorial Female-Type Harem
4.2.1.3 Aggregating Female-Type Harem
4.2.2 Male Territory-Visiting Polygamy
4.2.3 Monogamy
4.2.4 Spawning Aggregation
4.3 Monandry and Diandry
4.4 Adaptive Significance of Protogyny Explained by the Size-Advantage Model
4.5 Social Control of Sex Change: Broad Occurrence of Takeover Sex Change
4.6 Alternative Examples of Protogynous Sex Change
4.6.1 Bachelor Sex Change
4.6.2 Harem-Fission Sex Change
4.6.3 Females´ Tactics for Faster Acquisition of Sex Change Opportunity
4.7 Individual-Level Process of Takeover Sex Change After Male Loss
4.8 Future Research Directions
4.9 Conclusions
References
Chapter 5: Bidirectional Sex Change in Fishes
5.1 New Prospects Opened by the Discovery of Bidirectional Sex Change
5.2 Distribution of Bidirectional Sex Change Among Teleost Fishes
5.3 Bidirectional Sex Change Recorded in Aquaria
5.4 Bidirectional Sex Change in Monogamous Fish
5.5 Reversed Sex Change in Haremic Fish
5.5.1 Social Conditions and Adaptive Significance of Bidirectional Sex Change in Haremic Fish
5.5.2 Low-Density Hypothesis for Reversed Sex Change
5.6 Bidirectional Sex Change in Male-Territory-Visiting (MTV) Polygamy
5.7 Future Research Directions
5.8 Conclusions
References
Chapter 6: Database of Hermaphroditic Fish Species and References
Appendix Database of Hermaphroditic Fish Species
References
