Herbals of Asia: Prevalent Diseases and Their Treatments

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Medicinal flora plays an important role in health care systems across the world. Out of the half million flowering plants, around 50.000 species are valued for their therapeutic properties. During the last few decades, 20% of the world’s population used plants and/or their derived products as a source of medicine. WHO stated that 80% population around the globe, specifically the rural communities, depend on medicinal plants for their basic healthcare needs. To this end, plant-based phytochemicals are known to have hepato-protective, anti-carcinogenic, anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant actions. This book is a guide to ~280 plant species of medicinal flora that demonstrates global relevance. Our goal is to share local knowledge about phytomedicines to a worldwide audience. It is an illustrated reference that documents and preserves the existing knowledge on these plant taxa, with a social and cultural (ethnobotanical) emphasis. This book also provides comprehensive and useful information about traditional uses of medicinal plants by the local communities for the treatment of various prevalent diseases. It contains comprehensive descriptions of each species including family, synonyms, English name, distribution, altitude, habitat, morphological description, life form, part used, mode of utilization, diseases category, recipes, other medicinal uses, phytochemical activity and toxicity.

Author(s): Khafsa Malik, Mushtaq Ahmad, Münir Öztürk, Volkan Altay, Muhammad Zafar, Shazia Sultana
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2021

Language: English
Pages: 519
City: Cham

Preface
Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1 Medicinal Plants + Herbals
1.2 Topography and Geography
1.2.1 Mountain Systems
1.2.2 Plateaus
1.2.3 Plains, Steppes, and Desert
1.2.4 Rivers, and Fresh and Saline Water Systems
1.3 Socioeconomic Conditions
1.4 Ethnicity and Culture
1.4.1 Ethnological Features of the Pamirs
1.4.2 Multiple Culture Centers
1.5 Climate and Biodiversity
1.5.1 Terrestrial Flora and Fauna
1.5.2 Aquatic Flora and Fauna
1.5.3 Floral Diversity: Herbaceous Cover
1.6 Medicinal Plants
1.6.1 Endangerment and Extinctions
1.7 Indigenous Knowledge and Health Education
1.7.1 Children Health Care and Maternal Problems
1.7.2 Infectious Diseases
1.7.3 Emerging Pandemics and Diseases
1.7.4 Strengthen Health Services System
1.7.5 Regional Collaborations in Global Health Issues
1.8 Ethnopharmacological Tools for Primary Health Care
1.8.1 Ethnopharmacology
1.8.2 Current and Future Perspectives in Ethnopharmacology
1.9 Ethnopharmacological Practices
1.9.1 Traditional Chinese Medicine (CM)
1.9.2 Indian Systems of Medicines
1.9.3 Islamic Medicine System
1.9.4 Ethnopharmacological Practices in the World
References
Chapter 2: Medicinal Plants Used for Hypertension
2.1 Achyranthes aspera L.
2.2 Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br.
2.3 Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub.
2.4 Catharanthus roseus (L.) G.Don
2.5 Crataegus songarica K. Koch
2.6 Elaeagnus rhamnoides (L.) A.Nelson
2.7 Equisetum ramosissimum Desf.
2.8 Euphorbia wallichii Hook.f
2.9 Fumaria indica (Hausskn.) Pugsley
2.10 Gentiana kurroo Royle
2.11 Glandularia aristigera (S.Moore) Tronc.
2.12 Hedera nepalensis K.Koch
2.13 Heliotropium strigosum Willd.
2.14 Melilotus indicus (L.) All.
2.15 Morus alba L.
2.16 Nepeta erecta (Royle ex Benth.) Benth.
2.17 Nerium oleander L.
2.18 Opuntia dillenii (Ker Gawl.) Haw.
2.19 Origanum vulgare L.
2.20 Passiflora edulis Sims
2.21 Phoenix sylvestris (L.) Roxb.
2.22 Prunella vulgaris L.
2.23 Psidium guajava L.
2.24 Punica granatum L.
2.25 Ricinus communis L.
2.26 Rosa indica L.
2.27 Rubus ellipticus Sm.
2.28 Salvia moorcroftiana Wall. ex Benth
2.29 Sonchus asper (L.) Hill
2.30 Thymus linearis Benth.
References
Chapter 3: Medicinal Plants Used for Gynecological Disorders
3.1 Acacia modesta Wall
3.2 Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara and Grande
3.3 Amaranthus viridis L.
3.4 Arctium lappa L.
3.5 Arisaema jacquemontii Blume
3.6 Calotropis procera (Aiton) W.T. Aiton
3.7 Carpesium cernuum L.
3.8 Cassia fistula L.
3.9 Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop
3.10 Clematis montana Buch.-Ham. ex DC
3.11 Crotalaria juncea L.
3.12 Cyperus rotundus L.
3.13 Daphne mucronata Royle
3.14 Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants
3.15 Echinops echinatus Roxb
3.16 Glycyrrhiza glabra L.
3.17 Gratiola officinalis L.
3.18 Lantana camara L.
3.19 Melia azedarach L.
3.20 Nasturtium officinale W.T. Aiton
3.21 Notholirion thomsonianum (D.Don) Stapf
3.22 Origanum vulgare L.
3.23 Oxalis corniculata L.
3.24 Ranunculus muricatus L.
3.25 Ranunculus sceleratus L.
3.26 Salix alba L.
3.27 Trifolium repens L.
3.28 Typha angustifolia L.
3.29 Veronica anagallis-aquatica L.
3.30 Viola odorata L.
References
Chapter 4: Medicinal Plants Used for ENT Disorders
4.1 Adonis aestivalis L.
4.2 Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle
4.3 Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth
4.4 Allium cepa L.
4.5 Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br
4.6 Arisaema jacquemontii Blume
4.7 Arnebia euchroma (Royle) I.M.Johnst
4.8 Brachiaria reptans (L.) C.A.Gardner & C.E.Hubb
4.9 Cannabis sativa L.
4.10 Cassia fistula L.
4.11 Cucumis melo L.
4.12 Cynoglossum lanceolatum Forssk
4.13 Daphne mucronata Royle
4.14 Debregeasia saeneb (Forssk.) Hepper and J.R.I.Wood
4.15 Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb
4.16 Ephedra gerardiana Wall. ex Klotzsch and Garcke
4.17 Ficus carica L.
4.18 Ficus palmata Forssk
4.19 Hypericum perforatum L.
4.20 Malva neglecta Wallr
4.21 Mimosa himalayana Gamble
4.22 Plantago lanceolata L.
4.23 Prunella vulgaris L.
4.24 Prunus domestica L.
4.25 Rumex nepalensis Spreng
4.26 Senna occidentalis (L.) Link
4.27 Solanum surattense Burm. f
4.28 Trifolium alexandrinum L.
References
Chapter 5: Medicinal Plants Used for Skin Diseases
5.1 Aconitum heterophyllum Wall.ex Royle
5.2 Adiantum venustum D. Don
5.3 Ajuga integrifolia Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don
5.4 Anaphalis margaritacea (L.) Benth. & Hook.f
5.5 Artemisia scoparia Waldst. & Kit
5.6 Cedrus deodara (Roxb. ex D.Don) G. Don
5.7 Cichorium intybus L.
5.8 Clinopodium vulgare L.
5.9 Commelina benghalensis L.
5.10 Cyperus rotundus L.
5.11 Heliotropium europaeum L.
5.12 Impatiens bicolor Royle
5.13 Iris kashmiriana Baker
5.14 Isodon rugosus (Wall. ex Benth.) Codd
5.15 Jasminum humile L.
5.16 Mangifera indica L.
5.17 Onosma thomsonii Clarke
5.18 Oxalis corniculata L.
5.19 Plantago lanceolata L.
5.20 Prunus persica (L.) Batsch
5.21 Pyrus communis L.
5.22 Rubia cordifolia L.
5.23 Salvia moorcroftiana Wall ex Benth
5.24 Senecio chrysanthemoides DC
5.25 Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn
5.26 Valeriana jatamansi Jones ex Roxb
5.27 Xanthium strumarium L.
References
Chapter 6: Medicinal Plants Used for Pediatrics or Children Disorders
6.1 Achyranthes aspera L.
6.2 Ajuga integrifolia Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don
6.3 Alcea rosea L.
6.4 Arisaema jacquemontii Blume
6.5 Artemisia scoparia Waldst. and Kit
6.6 Bauhinia variegata L.
6.7 Bergenia ciliata (Haw.) Sternb
6.8 Carthamus oxyacantha M.Bieb
6.9 Catharanthus roseus (L.) G Don
6.10 Centaurea iberica Trevir. ex Spreng
6.11 Cichorium intybus L.
6.12 Convolvulus arvensis L.
6.13 Cyperus rotundus L.
6.14 Equisetum ramosissimum Desf
6.15 Fumaria indica (Hausskn.) Pugsley
6.16 Impatiens bicolor Royle
6.17 Indigofera heterantha Wall. ex Brandis
6.18 Mentha arvensis L.
6.19 Phoenix sylvestris (L.) Roxb
6.20 Physalis peruviana L.
6.21 Physalis angulata L.
6.22 Rhazya stricta Decne
6.23 Saccharum spontaneum L.
6.24 Solanum nigrum L.
6.25 Trichodesma indicum (L.) Sm
6.26 Urtica dioica L.
6.27 Verbascum thapsus L.
6.28 Vitex negundo L.
6.29 Xanthium strumarium L.
References
Chapter 7: Medicinal Plants Used for Musculoskeletal Disorders
7.1 Ajuga integrifolia Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don
7.2 Anisomeles indica (L.) Kuntze
7.3 Berberis lycium Royle
7.4 Bergenia ciliata (Haw.) Sternb.
7.5 Bistorta amplexicaulis (D.Don) Greene
7.6 Carthamus tinctorius L.
7.7 Chamaemelum nobile (L.) All.
7.8 Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. ex DC.
7.9 Datura stramonium L.
7.10 Echinops echinatus Roxb.
7.11 Geranium wallichianum D. Don ex Sweet
7.12 Lamium amplexicaule L.
7.13 Lathyrus aphaca L.
7.14 Lepidium sativum L.
7.15 Medicago polymorpha L.
7.16 Physalis angulata L.
7.17 Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre
7.18 Sambucus wightiana Wall. ex Wight & Arn
7.19 Sarcococca coriacea (Hook.) Sweet
7.20 Solanum nigrum L.
7.21 Stellaria media (L.) Vill.
7.22 Trifolium alexandrinum L.
7.23 Trifolium pratense L.
7.24 Urtica dioica L.
7.25 Vicia sativa L.
7.26 Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal
7.27 Ziziphus nummularia (Burm.f.) Wight & Arn.
References
Chapter 8: Medicinal Plants Used for Glottis Disorders
8.1 Adiantum capillus-veneris L.
8.2 Aesculus indica (Wall. ex Cambess.) Hook.
8.3 Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth
8.4 Anaphalis nepalensis (Spreng.) Hand.-Mazz.
8.5 Duchesnea indica (Jacks) Focke
8.6 Elaeagnus angustifolia L.
8.7 Grewia asiatica L.
8.8 Hyoscyamus niger L.
8.9 Jasminum humile L.
8.10 Juglans regia L.
8.11 Lantana indica Roxb.
8.12 Morus nigra L.
8.13 Myrsine africana L.
8.14 Dasiphora fruticosa (L.) Rydb.
8.15 Primula hazarica Duthie
8.16 Pyrus pashia Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don
8.17 Rubus fruticosus L.
8.18 Sageretia thea (Osbeck) M.C.Johnst.
8.19 Skimmia laureola (DC.) Siebold and Zucc. ex Walp.
8.20 Solanum surattense Burm. f.
8.21 Swertia chirayita (Roxb.) Buch.-Ham. ex C.B.Clarke
8.22 Tagetes erecta L.
8.23 Thymus linearis Benth.
8.24 Trichodesma indicum (L.) Sm.
8.25 Trifolium repens L.
8.26 Viola canescens Wall.
8.27 Vitex negundo L.
8.28 Ziziphus mauritiana Lam.
References
Index