This handbook provides an introduction to COVID-19 and herbal medications that boost the human immune system against SARS-CoV-2. The topics are covered in 7 chapters starting with an introduction to the disease, followed by notes on nutraceuticals and common herbal medicines that have therapeutic potential by enhancing the patient’s immune response. Special topics such as COVID-19 risk factors and Indian traditional medicines are also included to supplement the contents. The editors have taken advantage of the vast body of knowledge accumulated since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019.
Chapters are written in simple language with structured headings to facilitate a quick understanding of the subject. References are provided for scholars interested in further readings. The book is a quick guide on immune boosting medicines for a broad audience that includes general medical practitioners, nurses, caregivers, and public healthcare workers involved in clinics working in local communities.
Author(s): Sachin Kumar Jain, Ram Kumar Sahu, Priyanka Soni, Vishal Soni
Publisher: Bentham Science Publishers
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 196
City: Singapore
Cover
Title
Copyright
End User License Agreement
Contents
Preface
List of Contributors
Origin of COVID-19
Aseem Setia1, Km. Nandani Jayaswal1 and Ram Kumar Sahu2,*
1. INTRODUCTION
2. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND, ORIGIN AND THE TRANSMISSION OF CORONAVIRUS
3. CLASSIFICATION OF CORONAVIRUS
3.1. Differences and Similarities Between SARS, MERS, and the nCoV-2019
3.1.1. Similarities and Differences
4. STRUCTURE OF CORONAVIRUS AND ROLE OF THEIR PROTEINS
4.1. Coronavirus Structure
4.2. Spike Protein and its Drawbacks into the Host Body
5. MECHANISM OF VIRAL ENTRY
6. MODES OF TRANSMISSION
7. TREATMENTS OF COVID-19
7.1. Antiviral Agents
7.2. Natural Products
7.3. Vaccines
CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCES
COVID-19: Sign, Symptoms and Transmission
Saket Singh Chandel1,*, Deepshikha Verma2 and Vipinchandra Bhaskarrao Pande3
1. INTRODUCTION
2. SIGNS, SYMPTOMS AND SEVERITY STATUS OF COVID-19 PATIENTS
3. FACTORS THAT AGGRAVATE COVID-19 CONDITION
3.1. Age
3.2. Obesity
3.3. Smoking
3.4. Drinking
3.5. Immune System Condition
3.6. Human Selectivity and Reactivity
4. FACTORS THAT ENHANCE THE TRANSMISSION OF COVID-19
4.1. Misdiagnosis
4.2. Poverty
4.3. Perception and Illiteracy
4.4. Asymptomatic Patients
4.5. Climatic Influence
4.6. Low Vitamin D level
5. CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCES
A Silver Lining for Covid 19: Nutraceuticals and Plant Secondary Metabolites
Neetesh Kumar Jain1,* and Nitu Singh1
1. INTRODUCTION
2. IMMUNITY BOOSTER NUTRIENTS
2.1. Vitamin A
2.2. Vitamin B6
2.3. Vitamin B12
2.4. Vitamin C
2.5. Vitamin D
2.6. Vitamin E
2.7. Iron
2.8. Zinc
2.9. Selenium
2.10. Amino Acids
2.11. Arginine
2.12. Glutamine (GLN)
3. NUTRACEUTICALS
3.1. Probiotics
3.2. Omega-3 fatty Acids
3.3. β-glucans
3.4. Secondary Plant Metabolites Against COVID-19 Virus
3.4.1. Alkaloids
3.4.2. Terpenoids
3.4.3. Polyphenols/flavonoids
4. EMERGING CHALLENGES AND POTENTIAL SOLUTIONS
5. CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCES
Risk Factors of Covid-19 Enhancing Transmission and Aggravating Patient’s Condition
Vishal Trivedi1,*, Vinod Nautiyal2 and Retno Widyowati3
1. INTRODUCTION
2. COVID-19 BIOLOGY (GENOME, GENE AND PROTEINS)
2.1. Virus Life Cycle
3. FACTORS OF DEMOGRAPHIC
3.1. Age and Gender
3.2. Ethnicity
4. FACTORS RELATED TO OCCUPATIONS
4.1. Smoking
5. COMPLICATION IN COVID-19
5.1. Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
5.2. Coagulation Disorders
5.3. Thromboembolism
5.4. Anticoagulants
6. RISK FACTOR OF CANCER AND COVID-19
6.1. Inflammation and Immune-Senescence
6.2. Metabolic Syndrome
6.3. Immunosuppression, Interferon and Neutrophilia
6.4. Relationships Between Cancer and Covid-19 Susceptibility or Therapies
7. ANTICANCER DRUGS USED TO INCREASE THE VULNERABILITY OF COVID-19
8. PRO-COVID-19 EFFECTS ON CANCER THERAPY
8.1. Interferon Therapy
8.2. Immune Blockers
8.3. JAK– IL-6–STAT3 Blockade
8.4. Androgen-Deprivation Therapy
8.5. Other Small Molecules
8.6. ANTIVIRAL DRUGS THAT HAVE SHOWN ANTITUMOR EFFECT AGAINST COVID-19
9. RISK FACTORS OF CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM AND COVID-19
9.1. Cardiovascular Comorbidities Underlying
9.2. Cardiovascular Manifestations of Diverse
9.2.1. Myocarditis
9.2.2. Cardiovascular Diseases and Covid-19 Bidirectional Interaction
9.2.3. Acute Coronary Syndrome
9.2.4. Heart Failure
9.2.5. Cardiac Arrest
9.2.6. Coagulation and Thrombosis
9.2.7. Kawasaki Disease
9.2.8. Immunocompromised Patients
10. ACE2 MANIFESTATIONS IN CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
10.1. ACE2 DOWNREGULATION FOR COVID 19
10.2. THERAPEUTIC TARGET ACE2
10.3. COVID 19 BROAD TISSUE TROPISM
10.4. ENDOTHELIAL CELLS FOR VIRAL TARGETING
10.5. DRUG–DISEASE INTERACTIONS
10.5.1. RAAS Inhibitors On Covid 19
10.5.2. Antiviral Drugs for Cardiovascular Effects
10.5.3. Hydroxychloroquine and Azithromycin
10.5.4. Remdesivir
10.5.5. Lopinavir–ritonavir
CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCES
Indian Expedition against Covid-19 through Traditional Drugs
Rupesh Kumar Pandey1, Sokindra Kumar1, Lubhan Singh1, Priyanka Pandey2, Rakesh Sagar3, Ravindra Kumar Pandey4 and Shiv Shankar Shukla4,*
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. Disease Etiology
1.2. Regulation of Spike Protein
1.3. Indian Traditional Drugs
2. INDIAN HERBAL FORMULATIONS USED AS IMMUNITY BOOSTER FOR COVID-19
2.1. Alium Sativam
2.2. Ocimum Sanctum
2.3. Cinnamomum Verum
2.4. Acacia Arabica
2.5. Azadirachta Indica
2.6. Citrus Limon
2.7. Zinger Oficinale
2.8. Curcuma Longa
2.9. Plant Metabolite Potential as Immunity Booster for Covid -19
2.9.1. Flavonoids
2.9.2. Polyphenols
2.9.3. Terpenoids
2.9.4. Dipeptides
3. SCOPE, CHALLENGES AND POTENTIAL SOLUTION
3.1. Challenges
3.2. Potential Solution
4. FUTURE PROSPECTS
CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCES
Herbal Therapy for COVID-19
Upendra S. Bhadoriya1,*, Ankit Jain1 and Sachin Kumar Jain1
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. Herbal Therapy as a COVID-19 Treatment Option
2. COVID-19 HERBAL THERAPY/HERBS
2.1. Echinacea Purpurea
2.2. Curcumin
2.3. Cinchona SP.,
2.4. Withania Somnifera
2.5. Planax Quinquefolius (Ginseng)
2.6. Fenugreek
2.7. Herbal Extracts and Nutraceuticals [29]
2.7.1. Vitamins
2.7.2. Minerals in the Diet
2.7.3. Probiotics
2.7.4. Omega-3 fatty Acids
2.8. Tinospora Cordifolia (Giloy, Guduchi)
2.9. Ocimum Sanctum, (Holy Basil, Tulsi)
2.10. Syzygium Aromaticum (Clove, Laung)
2.11. Sambucus Nigra (Elderberry)
2.12. Allium Sativum (Garlic, Lahsun)
2.13. Zingiber Officinalis (Ginger)
2.14. Traditional Indian Medicines
2.15. Rebooting of the Immune System
2.16. COVID-19 Herbal Therapy: The Role of Specific Phyto-constituents
2.16.1. Phenolic Compounds
2.16.2. Saponins
2.16.3. Alkaloids
2.16.4. Polysaccharides
2.16.5. Anthraquinones
3. HERBAL THERAPY'S FUTURE PROSPECTS AGAINST COVID-19 AND OVERCOMING CHALLENGES
FINAL THOUGHTS/CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCES
Herbal Immune-Booster for COVID-19
Raja Chakraborty1, Saikat Sen2, Bhargab Jyoti Sahariah3, Chayanika Bordoloi4,* and Sunil Mistry5
1. INTRODUCTION
2. OUTBREAK OF CORONAVIRUS IN THE 21ST CENTURY
3. TRADITIONAL MEDICINE IN CORONA PANDEMIC
4. PLANT BASED-IMMUNITY BOOSTER FOR COVID-19
4.1. Terpenoids
4.2. Polyphenols and Flavonoids
4.3. Dipeptides for COVID-19
4.4. Polysaccharides for Immunity
4.5. Vitamin D Rich Foods
4.6. Vitamin C and E Rich Foods to Induce Immunity
4.6.1. Vitamin A
4.6.2. Minerals
4.7. Nutraceuticals Supplements and Probiotics for Immunity
5. INDIAN SPICES APPLICABLE AS AN IMMUNE BOOSTER
5.1. Herbal Formulations for COVID-19
6. CHALLENGES, POTENTIAL SOLUTIONS, AND FUTURE PROSPECTS
CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCES
Subject Index
Back Cover
