The book discusses concepts and theories of general management and their specific applications related to public health and health care. Each chapter highlights the ideas and usefulness of different approaches in the context of health management. It addresses problems in different areas of healthcare systems management. It offers solutions in improving the performance, efficiency, and effectiveness of health programs and systems. Some of the topics covered in the book include health systems and policy, epidemiology, biostatistics, population dynamics, health economics and finance, logistics and supply chain, health research, health communication, quality management in health, and legal and ethical issues in health. The book serves as an indispensable resource for the faculties and students of health management or public health globally as well as healthcare professionals and researchers.
Author(s): S. D. Gupta, Anoop Khanna
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 448
City: Singapore
Preface
Contents
Editor and Contributors
1 Health Management: An Introduction
Background
Concept of Health and Development
Management and Its Functions
Public Health and Its Functions
Defining Health Management
Need for Health Management
Distinctive Features of Health Management
Emerging Challenges for Health Managers
Key Competencies for Health Management
References
2 Health Policy and Health System
Introduction
Section A: Health Policy Definition and Purpose
Need for New National Health Policy-2017
Policy Formulation Process
The Framework of Health Policy Review/Analysis
Section B: Health Systems
Objectives and Functions of Health Systems
Evolution of Health Systems
Healthcare Financing Models
Health Systems Building Blocks
Health System Challenges in Developing Countries
Health Systems Resilience and Sustainability
Health Systems Performance Assessment
Conclusion
References
3 Principles of Epidemiology
Introduction
Definition of Epidemiology
Objectives and Purposes of Epidemiology
Evolution of Epidemiology
Strategies in Epidemiology
Concept of Cause, Cause–Effect Relationship, and Statistical Association
Measures of Disease Frequency—Morbidity and Mortality
Epidemiologic Studies: Design, Methods, and Analysis
Descriptive Epidemiology
Analytic Epidemiology
Randomized Controlled Trials
Disease Surveillance
Investigations of Epidemics
Screening for Disease
Epidemiology in Strategic Planning
References
4 Statistical Methods in Public Health
Introduction
Target Population
Sampling
Types of Data
Describing Data
Statistical Measures for Distributional Characteristics
Principles of Statistical Analysis for Estimation
Confidence Intervals Estimates
Hypothesis Testing
Multivariable Methods
References
5 Demographic Concepts and Measures
Introduction
Sources of Demographic Data
Population Balancing Equation
Population Changes
Age and Sex Composition
Ratios, Proportion, and Rates
Measures of Fertility
Measures of Mortality
Migration
Urbanization
Demographic Transition Model
Population Projections
Doubling Time
Population and Natural Resources
Demographic Dividend
Demographic Window of Opportunity
References
6 Research Methods
Introduction
Approaches and Types of Research
Research Process
Research Question, Objectives, and Hypothesis
Research Question
Research Objective
Formulating Hypothesis
Research Designs
Experimental Designs
Quasi-experimental Designs
Non-experimental Designs
Cohort Studies
Case-control Studies
Sampling
Probability Sampling Techniques
Non-probability Sampling Techniques
Data Collection Methods
Quantitative Data Collection Methods
Qualitative Data Collection Methods
Research Ethics
References
7 Human Resource Management for Healthcare Organizations
Introduction
Human Resource Planning
Human Resources Supply and Demand
HR Outlay
Real-time Availability of HR
Organogram/Organization Structure
HRP Metrics as Key Performance Indicators of HRM Function
Job Analysis
Job Description
Job Specification
Job Evaluation
Recruitment, Selection, and Onboarding
Recruitment
Selection
Onboarding
Recruitment and Selection Metrics as Key Performance Indicators of HRM Function
Career Management Systems
Performance Management System
Compensation Management System
Learning Management System
Statutory Compliance and Employee Welfare
Exit Management
Current Scenario of Health Workforce in India
Managing Human Resource for Health: HR Challenges in the Public Health care
Concluding Remarks
References
8 Health Economics and Financing
Definition of Economics
Defining Health Economics
Classifying the Discipline of Health Economics
Micro-Economics Versus Macroeconomics
Positive Versus Normative Health Economics
Building Blocks of Health Economics
Demand for Health Care
Supply of Health Care
Production of Health Care
Cost of Health Care
Market Equilibrium
Economic Evaluations for Decision-Making
Financing Healthcare
Mechanisms for Financing Care
National Health Accounts
References
9 Financial Management in Health Care
Introduction
Importance of Financial Management in Healthcare Organizations
Objective of the Healthcare Organization
Objective of Healthcare Financial Management
Application of Time Value of Money in the Financial Management of Healthcare Organizations
Types of Cash flows
Timelines
Future Value
Present Value
Functions of Financial Management
Financing Decisions/Capital Structure Decisions in Healthcare Organizations
Investing Decisions/Capital Budgeting Decisions in Healthcare Organizations
Capital Budgeting Process
Basics of Capital Budgeting Decisions
Capital Budgeting Evaluation Techniques
Working Capital Management in Healthcare Organizations
Working Capital Management Key Concepts
Working Capital Management Cycles
Conclusion
References
10 Healthcare Marketing
Introduction
The Marketing Concept in the Context of Health Care
Healthcare Services and Their Characteristics
Healthcare Marketing
Core Concepts of Healthcare Marketing
Exchange
Consumer
Needs and Wants of Healthcare Customers
Healthcare Markets
Healthcare Market Environment
Segmentation and Target Market
Value in Healthcare Services
Satisfaction
Designing a Market Plan of Healthcare Organization
The Following Steps Comprised of a Market Plan
Define Purpose and Objectives
Situation Analysis–Scanning of Healthcare Market Environment
Understanding Healthcare Consumer Behavior
Segment, Target, and Positioning (STP) of Healthcare Services
Designing Marketing Mix Strategies of Healthcare Services
Designing Pricing Strategies of Healthcare Services
Designing Promotion/Integrated Marketing Communication Mix (IMC) Strategies for Healthcare Services
People Role in Healthcare Marketing
Creating Healthcare Service Delivery with Place Strategy
Implementation of Market Plan
References
11 Managing Logistics and Supplies
Introduction
Financing, Policy, and Legal Requirements
Procurement
Product Selection
Budgeting
Procurement Planning
Procurement Methods
Managing Distribution
Quantifying Requirements
Drugs Store Management
Location
Layout
Arrangement of Stocks (Bins)
Cool and Cold Storage
Storage of Inflammables
Storage of Narcotic Drugs, Psychotropic Substances and Poisons
Safety Measures
Physical Verification of Store
Inventory Control
Logistics Management Information System (LMIS)
Data Requirements
Logistics Records
Reports
ProMIS—Historical Perspective
Current Status of LMIS Platforms
Equipment Management
Need for Equipment Management
Equipment Planning
Equipment Maintenance
Condemnation and Disposal
References
12 Health Communication and Behavior Change
Introduction
Emergence of Biopsychosocial Model
Concepts and Theories of Behavior Change
Health Communication
Health Communication: Strategies
Interpersonal Communication
Mass Media Communication
Social Media
Planning and Implementing Health Communication Intervention Strategy for Behavior Change
Conclusion
References
13 Health Management Information System
Introduction
Definition and Scope of HMIS
Data and Decision-Making
Types of Information Systems
Computer Application in HMIS
Data Quality
Developing HMIS
Implementing HMIS
Factors Affecting Use of Information
References
14 Quality Management in Health Care
Background
Definition of Quality
Quality Improvement Approaches
Systems Framework of Quality
Quality Improvement Process
Quality Improvement Cycle
Integration of Systems Framework Quality Improvement Cycle
Quality Assessment and Measurement
Quality Improvement Tools
Implementation of Quality Improvement Program
References
15 Strategic Management for Health Care
Introduction
Relevance of Strategic Management in Health Care
Strategic Management—The Origin
Strategic Management Framework
Change Management
Organizational Culture and Ethics
Conclusion
Case Study—1 The AGA Hospital Bed Utilization Quandary
Case Study—2 Launching of a New Hospital in a Metro City
References
16 Non-Government Organization and Health Sector
Introduction
What Is NGO
Historical Evolution of NGOs
Promotion of Non-Governmental Organization
Registration Rules in India
Functioning of NGO
Role of NGOs in Health Care
National NGOs and Mother NGOs
The Mother NGO
Role of NGOs in NHM
Major Contributions of NGOs in Health Sector Reforms
Role of International NGOs, Corporate, and Donor Agencies
Public–Private-NGOs Collaborations in Health Care
Community Participation
What Is Participation
Participation as a Means
Participation as an End
Forms of Participation
The Pros and Cons of Participation
Five Key Operating Issues in Fostering Participation
Participation and the Project Cycle
Monitoring and Evaluation of Participation
Indicators of Participation
Downstreaming Participation
Upstreaming Participation
NGO-Map Model for Performance Assessment
References
17 Organizational Behavior in Health Management
Introduction
Organizational Behavior: Historical Trajectory and Relevance in Health Sector
Relevance of Organizational Behavior in Health Management
Concepts of Organizational Behavior at Individual Level
Concepts of Organizational Behavior at Interpersonal and Group Level
Concepts of Organizational Behavior at Organizational Level
Conclusions
References
