Handbook of Chemical and Biological Warfare Agents, Volume 2: Nonlethal Chemical Agents and Biological Warfare Agents

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The Handbook of Chemical and Biological Warfare Agents, Volume 2: Pathogens, Mid-Spectrum, and Incapacitating Agents, Third Edition provides rapid access to key data to response professionals and decision-makers on a broad range of agents and pathogens.

This volume presents information on a wide range of chemical and biological agents. Chemical agents detailed in this volume are those that were developed specifically for their non-lethal potential. The biological agents described are militarily significant pathogens that could be weaponized to pose a threat to people, animals, or crops and other agricultural interests. Mid-spectrum agents, materials that do not fit clearly into either the Chemical or the Biological Weapons Conventions, include toxins and bioregulators. Entomological agents, the final class of agents discussed in volume, are arthropods that could pose a significant threat to a country’s agriculture infrastructure and be used to devastate its economy. They were proposed for inclusion in the Biological Weapons Convention but never adopted.

In addition to a discussion of each of these classes of agents, coverage includes detailed information on a broad spectrum of individual agents that have been used on the battlefield, stockpiled as weapons, used or threatened to be used by terrorists, or have been otherwise assessed by qualified law enforcement and response organizations and determined to be agents of significant concern.

The information presented in this edition has been updated and expanded to contain more information on toxicology, health effects, presentation of diseases, advances in medical care and treatment, as well as protective actions needed at the scene of an incident.

Key Features:

    • Focuses on the key information needed during an emergency response

    • Provides updated toxicology, exposure hazards, physical-chemical data, and treatment of casualties

    • Profiles the presentation of diseases in people, animals and plants

    • Presents updated protective action distances, decontamination, and remediation information

    All data compiled is gathered from numerous sources and arranged into the current, easy-to-access format. In order to ensure accuracy, all data has been cross-checked over the widest variety of military, scientific and medical sources available. The Handbook of Chemical and Biological Warfare Agents, Volume 2: Pathogens, Mid-Spectrum, and Incapacitating Agents, Third Edition remains the gold-standard reference detailing the widest variety of military, scientific, and medical sources available.

    Author(s): D. Hank Ellison
    Series: Handbook Chemical & Biological Warfare Agents
    Publisher: CRC Press
    Year: 2022

    Language: English
    Pages: 619
    City: Boca Raton

    Cover
    Half Title
    Title Page
    Copyright Page
    Contents
    Preface to Volume 2
    Acknowledgments
    Explanatory Notes to Volume 2
    About the Author
    Incapacitating and Riot Control Agents
    12. Mind-Altering Agents
    General Information
    Toxicology
    Effects
    Pathways and Routes of Exposure
    General Exposure Hazards
    Latency Period
    Vapors/Aerosols (mists or dusts)
    Liquids
    Solids (non-aerosol)
    Characteristics
    Physical Appearance/Odor
    Laboratory Grade
    Munition Grade
    Modified Agents
    Stability
    Persistency
    Environmental Fate
    Additional Hazards
    Exposure
    Livestock/Pets
    Fire
    Reactivity
    Hazardous Decomposition Products
    Hydrolysis
    Combustion
    Protection
    Evacuation Recommendations
    Personal Protective Requirements
    Structural Firefighters' Gear
    Respiratory Protection
    Chemical Protective Clothing
    Decontamination
    General
    Vapors
    Casualties/Personnel
    Small areas
    Liquids/Solutions or Liquid Aerosols
    Casualties/Personnel
    Small areas
    Solids or Particulate Aerosols
    Casualties/Personnel
    Small areas
    Medical
    CDC Case Definition
    Differential Diagnosis
    Signs and Symptoms
    Mass-Casualty Triage Recommendations
    Priority 1
    Priority 2
    Priority 3
    Priority 4
    Casualty Management
    Fatality Management
    Bibliography
    13. Irritating and Lachrymatory Agents
    General Information
    Toxicology
    Effects
    Pathways and Routes of Exposure
    General Exposure Hazards
    Latency Period
    Characteristics
    Physical Appearance/Odor
    Laboratory Grade
    Munition Grade
    Modified Agents
    Stability
    Persistency
    Environmental Fate
    Additional Hazards
    Exposure
    Livestock/Pets
    Fire
    Reactivity
    Hazardous Decomposition Products
    Hydrolysis
    Combustion
    Protection
    Evacuation Recommendations
    Personal Protective Requirements
    Structural Firefighters' Gear
    Respiratory Protection
    Chemical Protective Clothing
    Decontamination
    General
    Vapors
    Casualties/Personnel
    Small areas
    Liquids, Solutions, or Liquid Aerosols
    Casualties/Personnel
    Small areas
    Solids or Particulate Aerosols
    Casualties/Personnel
    Small areas
    Medical
    CDC Case Definition
    Differential Diagnosis
    Signs and Symptoms
    Vapors/Aerosols
    Solids/Solutions
    Mass-Casualty Triage Recommendations
    Casualty Management
    Fatality Management
    Bibliography
    14. Vomiting/Sternatory Agents
    General Information
    Toxicology
    Effects
    Pathways and Routes of Exposure
    General Exposure Hazards
    Latency Period
    Characteristics
    Physical Appearance/Odor
    Laboratory Grade
    Munition Grade
    Modified Agents
    Mixtures with Other Agents
    Stability
    Persistency
    Environmental Fate
    Additional Hazards
    Exposure
    Livestock/Pets
    Fire
    Reactivity
    Hazardous Decomposition Products
    Hydrolysis
    Combustion
    Protection
    Evacuation Recommendations
    Personal Protective Requirements
    Structural Firefighters' Gear
    Respiratory Protection
    Chemical Protective Clothing
    Decontamination
    General
    Solutions or Liquid Aerosols
    Casualties/Personnel
    Small areas
    Solids or Particulate Aerosols
    Casualties/Personnel
    Small areas
    Medical
    CDC Case Definition
    Differential Diagnosis
    Signs and Symptoms
    Mass-Casualty Triage Recommendations
    Casualty Management
    Fatality Management
    Bibliography
    15. Malodorants
    General Information
    Toxicology
    Effects
    Pathways and Routes of Exposure
    General Exposure Hazards
    Latency Period
    Characteristics
    Physical Appearance/Odor
    Laboratory Grade
    Munition Grade
    Modified Agents
    Stability
    Persistency
    Environmental Fate
    Additional Hazards
    Exposure
    Livestock/Pets
    Fire
    Reactivity
    Hazardous Decomposition Products
    Hydrolysis
    Combustion
    Protection
    Evacuation Recommendations
    Personal Protective Requirements
    Structural Firefighters' Gear
    Respiratory Protection
    Chemical Protective Clothing
    Decontamination
    General
    Vapors
    Casualties/Personnel
    Small areas
    Liquids, Solutions or Liquid Aerosols
    Casualties/Personnel
    Small areas
    Medical
    CDC Case Definition
    Differential Diagnosis
    Signs and Symptoms
    Vapors
    Liquids
    Mass-Casualty Triage Recommendations
    Casualty Management
    Fatality Management
    Bibliography
    Biological Agents
    16. Toxins
    General Information
    Toxicology
    Effects
    Pathways and Routes of Exposure
    General Exposure Hazards
    Latency Period
    Characteristics
    Physical Appearance/Odor
    Laboratory Grade
    Modified Agents
    Stability
    Persistency
    Environmental Fate
    Additional Hazards
    Exposure
    Livestock/Pets
    Fire
    Reactivity
    Protection
    Evacuation Recommendations
    Personal Protective Requirements
    Structural Firefighters' Gear
    Respiratory Protection
    Chemical Protective Clothing
    Decontamination
    General
    Liquids, Solutions, or Liquid Aerosols
    Casualties/Personnel
    Small areas
    Solids or Particulate Aerosols
    Casualties/Personnel
    Small areas
    Medical
    CDC Case Definition
    Differential Diagnosis
    Signs and Symptoms
    Mass-Casualty Triage Recommendations
    Casualty Management
    Fatality Management
    Bibliography
    17. Bacterial Pathogens
    General Information
    Response
    Personal Protective Requirements
    Responding to the Scene of a Release
    Working with Infected Individuals
    Standard Precautions
    Contact Precautions
    Droplet Precautions
    Airborne Precautions
    Additional Hazards
    Decontamination
    Casualties/Personnel
    Infected individuals
    Direct Exposure
    Animals
    Plants
    Food
    Property
    Surface Disinfectants
    Large Area Fumigants
    Fomites
    Fatality Management
    Bibliography
    18. Viral Pathogens
    General Information
    Response
    Personal Protective Requirements
    Responding to the Scene of a Release
    Working with Infected Individuals
    Standard Precautions
    Contact Precautions
    Droplet Precautions
    Airborne Precautions
    Additional Hazards
    Decontamination
    Casualties/Personnel
    Infected individuals
    Direct Exposure
    Animals
    Plants
    Food
    Property
    Surface Disinfectants
    Large Area Fumigants
    Fomites
    Fatality Management
    Bibliography
    19. Fungal Pathogens
    General Information
    Response
    Personal Protective Requirements
    Responding to the Scene of a Release
    Working with Infected Individuals
    Decontamination
    Casualties/Personnel
    Infected individuals
    Direct Exposure
    Animals
    Plants
    Food
    Property
    Surface Disinfectants
    Large Area Fumigants
    Fomites
    Fatality Management
    Bibliography
    20. Bioregulators
    General Information
    Toxicology
    Effects
    Pathways and Routes of Exposure
    General Exposure Hazards
    Latency Period
    Characteristics
    Physical Appearance/Odor
    Laboratory Grade
    Modified Agents
    Stability
    Persistency
    Environmental Fate
    Additional Hazards
    Exposure
    Livestock/Pets
    Fire
    Reactivity
    Protection
    Evacuation Recommendations
    Personal Protective Requirements
    Structural Firefighters' Gear
    Respiratory Protection
    Chemical Protective Clothing
    Decontamination
    General
    Liquids, Solutions, or Liquid Aerosols
    Casualties/Personnel
    Small areas
    Solids or Particulate Aerosols
    Casualties/Personnel
    Small areas
    Medical
    CDC Case Definition
    Differential Diagnosis
    Signs and Symptoms
    Mass-Casualty Triage Recommendations
    Casualty Management
    Fatality Management
    Bibliography
    21. Non-Vector Entomological Agents
    General Information
    Bibliography
    Glossary
    Appendix A. Agent Delivery
    The Agent Cloud
    Environmental Impacts
    Weapon Design
    Frangible Containers
    Pressurized Cylinders
    Chemical Reaction Devices
    Explosive Dissemination
    Binary Munitions
    Sprayers
    Thermal Generators
    Vectors
    Assassinations and Attempts
    Bibliography
    Appendix B. Summary of Military Chemical Munition Markings
    World War I
    France
    Toxic, Irritant, or Harassing Agents
    Incendiary and Smoke Munitions
    Germany
    Toxic Agents
    Irritant or Harassing Agents
    Additional Markings and Bands
    Great Britain
    Toxic, Irritant, or Harassing Agents
    Incendiary Munitions
    Smoke Munitions
    Additional Markings and Bands
    United States
    Toxic or Irritant Agents
    Incendiary Munitions
    Smoke Munitions
    World War II
    Germany
    Artillery, Rockets, and Mortars
    Toxic Agents
    Irritant or Harassing Agents
    Additional Markings and Bands
    Aerial Bombs
    Toxic Agents
    Irritant or Harassing Agents
    Additional Markings and Bands
    Mines
    Great Britain
    Toxic Agents (vesicant, blood, pulmonary)
    Irritant or Harassing Agents (lachrymation, vomiting/sternatory)
    Incendiary Munitions
    Smoke Munitions
    Additional Markings and Bands
    Italy
    Toxic Agents
    Irritant or Harassing Agents
    Additional Markings and Bands
    Japan
    Artillery, Mortars, Mines, and Candles
    Toxic Agents
    Irritant or Harassing Agents
    Aerial Bombs
    Soviet Union
    Toxic Agents
    Irritant or Harassing Agents
    Additional Markings
    United States
    Toxic Agents (vesicant, blood, pulmonary)
    Irritant or Harassing Agents (lachrymation, vomiting)
    Incendiary Munitions
    Smoke Munitions
    Cold War
    Soviet Union
    General Ordnance Markings
    Artillery, Mortars, and Rockets
    Toxic, Irritant, or Harassing Agents
    Incendiary Munitions
    Smoke Munitions
    Aerial Bombs
    Toxic, Irritant, or Harassing Agents
    Incendiary Munitions
    Additional Markings and Bands
    United States/NATO
    Toxic Agents (nerve, vesicant, blood, pulmonary)
    Incapacitating Agents (mind-altering)
    Irritant or Harassing Agents (lachrymation, vomiting, riot control)
    Incendiary Munitions
    Smoke Munitions
    Additional Markings and Bands
    Bibliography
    Appendix C. Biological Risk Groups and Biosafety Levels
    Bibliography
    Appendix D. International and Domestic Lists of Agents
    Chemical Warfare Agents, Precursors, and Potential Industrial Agents
    Toxins
    Pathogens
    Alphanumeric Indices
    Alphabetical Index of Chemical Names, Military Codes, and Synonyms
    Chemical Abstract Service (CAS) Numbers
    United Nations (UN) Numbers
    European Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical Substances (EC) Numbers
    U.S. Food and Drug Administration Unique Ingredient Identifiers (UNII)
    11th Revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-11) Codes
    European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO) Codes
    Viral Taxonomic Families
    Arenaviridae
    Asfarviridae
    Bunyaviridae
    Coronaviridae
    Filoviridae
    Flaviviridae
    Herpesviridae
    Orthomyxoviridae
    Nanoviridae
    Paramyxoviridae
    Picornaviridae
    Podoviridae
    Pospiviroidae
    Potyviridae
    Poxviridae
    Reoviridae
    Rhabdoviridae
    Togaviridae
    Tymoviridae
    Insect Vectors and Diseases
    Aphids
    Beetles
    Flies (biting)
    Flies (mechanical vectors)
    Fleas
    Leafhoppers
    Lice
    Midges
    Mites
    Mites (mechanical vectors)
    Mosquitoes
    Nematodes
    Psyllids
    Roaches (mechanical vectors)
    Sandflies
    Sharpshooters
    Spittlebugs
    Ticks
    Ticks (mechanical vectors)
    Agricultural Animal Diseases
    Cattle
    Goats
    Horses
    Pigs
    Poultry
    Sheep
    Agricultural Crop Diseases
    Almonds
    Bananas
    Citrus
    Cocoa trees
    Coffee
    Corn
    Eggplant
    Fruit trees
    Grains
    Grapes
    Olives
    Peppers
    Potatoes
    Rice
    Rubber plants
    Sorghum
    Soybeans
    Sugarcane
    Tomatoes
    Index