Green Chemistry for Sustainable Water Purification

Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Preface
Chapter 1 Green Chemistry for Water Remediation
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Challenges in Water Remediation
1.3 Green Chemistry as a Novel Alternative to Conventional Wastewater Treatment
1.3.1 Green Chemistry
1.3.2 Applications of Green Chemistry in Water Remediation
1.4 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 2 Advances in Wastewater Treatment Using Natural and Modified Zeolites
2.1 Global Impact of Wastewater Treatment
2.2 Different Wastewater Treatments
2.3 Technologies to Treat Chemical Industry Effluents
2.4 Oil–Water Separator—Treatment of Oily Effluent
2.5 Coagulation–Flocculation
2.6 Techniques for Treating Wastewater Using Adsorption
2.7 Adsorption of Dyes
2.8 Zeolite in Wastewater Treatment
2.9 Negative Impact of Heavy Metals on Health
2.9.1 Origin of Heavy Metal Exposure to Humans
2.9.1.1 Arsenic
2.9.1.2 Lead
2.9.1.3 Mercury
2.10 Wastewater Treatment Using Different Zeolites
2.10.1 Natural Zeolites
2.11 Treatment of Surface Waters, Ground, and Underground Waters
2.12 Drinking and Greywater Treatment
2.13 Heavy Metal Removal Comparison by Zeolites
2.13.1 Different Adsorbents Used to Remove Cr3+
2.13.2 Different Adsorbents Employed for the Removal of Cd3+
2.13.3 Removal of Cu2+ by Different Adsorbents
2.13.4 Different Adsorbents Used to Remove Pb2+
2.13.5 Removal of Zn2+ by Different Adsorbents
2.14 Adsorption Kinetics and Thermodynamics
2.15 Conclusion
References
Chapter 3 Sustainable Green Synergistic Emulsion Liquid Membrane Formulation for Metal Removal from Aqueous Waste Solution
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Theoretical
3.2.1 Mass Transfer Mechanism in the ELM Process
3.2.2 Component Selection in the ELM
3.3 Experimental
3.3.1 Materials
3.3.2 Reactive Extraction Procedure
3.3.3 Determination and Calculations
3.4 Results and Discussion
3.4.1 Extraction of Metal Ions Using Single Carrier
3.4.2 Extraction of Metal Ions Using Mixed of Carriers
3.4.3 Approach to a Sustainable ELM Process
3.4.4 Prospect and Future Challenges in ELM Technology
3.5 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 4 Chemical Activation of Carbonized Neem Seed as an Effective Adsorbent for Rhodamine B Dye Adsorption
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Materials and Methods
4.2.1 Chemicals
4.2.2 Preparation of Adsorbent
4.2.3 Magnetic Activation Carbonized Neem Seed
4.2.4 Adsorbent Characterizations
4.2.5 Batch Adsorption Experiments
4.3 Results and Discussion
4.3.1 Adsorption Studies
4.3.2 Adsorption Kinetics of RB Dye Removal
4.3.3 Adsorption Isotherms of RB Dye Removal
4.3.4 Thermodynamic of RB Dye Removal
4.4 Conclusions
References
Chapter 5 Green Water Treatment for Organic Pollutions: Photocatalytic Degradation Approach
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Solar Energy
5.3 Green Photocatalysis
5.4 Organic Pollutants
5.5 Reactive Species Responsible for Green Photocatalysis Treatment
5.6 Advancements in Photocatalysts
5.6.1 Titanium/Tin-Based Nanocomposite-Mediated Photocatalysis
5.6.2 Synthesis of Various Nanocomposites as Photocatalysts
5.6.3 Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Pollutants
5.7 Green Treatment of Pollutants
5.7.1 Photodegradation of Toxic Dyes
5.7.2 Photodegradation of Antibiotics
5.7.3 Photodegradation of Bisphenol BPA
5.8 Conclusion
References
Chapter 6 Treatment of Textile-Wastewater Using Green Technologies
6.1 Introduction
6.1.1 Textile Industries: Causes of Water Pollution
6.1.2 The Effect of Polluted Water Discharged From Textile Industries on the Environment
6.1.3 Various Techniques for Effluent Treatment
6.1.4 Physical Treatment Technique
6.1.4.1 Adsorption Method
6.1.4.2 Ion-Exchange Method
6.1.4.3 Floatation
6.1.5 Chemical Treatment Technique
6.1.5.1 Chemical Precipitation Method
6.1.5.2 Coagulation and Sedimentation Method
6.1.6 Chemical Oxidation
6.1.6.1 Ozonation Method
6.1.6.2 Fenton Oxidation Method
6.1.6.3 Evaporation
6.1.6.4 Solar Evaporation Method
6.1.7 Mechanical Evaporation Method
6.2 Green Water Treatment Technique for Textile Effluents
6.2.1 Electrocoagulation (EC)
6.2.2 Advanced Oxidation Process (AOP)
6.2.3 Rotating Biological Contactor (RBC)
6.2.4 Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR)
6.2.5 Effluent Treatment Using Enzymes
6.2.6 Membrane Filtration
6.2.7 Bioadsorbents Process for Effluent Treatment
6.2.7.1 Citrus Fruits
6.2.7.2 Coir Fiber
6.2.7.3 Coconut Shell–Activated Carbon
6.3 Conclusions
References
Chapter 7 Photocatalytic Activity of Green Mixed Matrix Membranes for Degradation of Anionic Dye
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Materials and Methods
7.2.1 Materials
7.2.2 Methods
7.2.2.1 Synthesis of TiO2 Nanoparticles
7.2.2.2 Preparation of Natural Rubber Composites
7.2.3 Analysis
7.2.3.1 Micrograph Analysis
7.2.3.2 Structural Analysis
7.2.3.3 Thermal Analysis
7.2.3.4 Wetting Analysis
7.2.3.5 Photocatalytic Performance
7.3 Results and Discussion
7.3.1 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy of Composites Membranes
7.3.2 SEM-EDX of Composite Membranes
7.3.3 Thermogravimetric Analysis of Composite Membranes
7.3.4 Contact Angle Measurement of Composite Membranes
7.3.5 Photodegradation of Composite Membranes
7.4 Conclusion
References
Chapter 8 Advanced Technologies for Wastewater Treatment
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Advanced Approaches for Wastewater Treatment
8.2.1 Photocatalytic Method
8.2.1.1 Mechanism of Photocatalysis
8.2.2 Nanomembranes Technology
8.2.2.1 Limitations and Future of the Nanomembranes Technology
8.2.3 Utilization of Nanosorbent for Wastewater Treatment
8.2.4 Microbial Fuel Cells as a Sustainable Technique
8.2.4.1 Mechanism and Application of MFCs in Wastewater Treatment
8.3 Conclusion and Future Recommendations
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 9 PDMS-Supported Composite Materials as Oil Absorbent
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Fabrications Techniques of PDMS Sponges as Oil Absorbent
9.2.1 Sacrificial Templates
9.2.2 Emulsion Templating Method
9.2.3 Phase Separation Method
9.2.4 3D Printing Techniques
9.2.5 Gas-Forming Technique
9.3 PDMS Sponges as an Oil/Water Separation
9.4 Conclusion
References
Chapter 10 Polymer Nanocomposite-Based Anode for Bioelectrochemical Systems: A Review
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Conventional Anode Materials Based on Carbon
10.3 Modification of Anode with Nanomaterials Based on Carbon
10.4 Metal or Metal Oxide-Based Modified Anode
10.5 Polymer-Based Modified Anode
10.6 Polymer Nanocomposites for Anode Modification
10.7 Concluding Remarks and Future Perspectives
References
Chapter 11 Electrospinning Setup Design and Modification for Fabrication of Photocatalytic Electrospun Nanofibrous Membranes for Water Treatment
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Application of Electrospun Nanofibers Polymeric Membranes (ENPM) on Wastewater Treatments
11.3 Improvements in Morphology and Physical Structure of ENPM
11.3.1 Surface Modification
11.3.2 Chemical Modification
11.4 Setup and Configurations of Electrospinning for Core-Sheath Structures of EPNM for Photocatalytic Membranes
11.4.1 Impacts of Electrospinning Set Up on EPNM Structures
11.4.1.1 Coaxial Electrospinning
11.4.1.2 Electrospinning and Electrospraying
11.4.1.3 Separation of the Melt Phase Technique
11.4.1.4 Process of Electrospinning and Precipitation
11.5 Future Directions and Challenges
11.6 Conclusion
11.7 Acknowledgment
References
Index
EULA