Government Incentives for Innovation and Entrepreneurship: An International Experience

Series Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgments
Contents
About the Editors
Part I: An Overview of Government Intervention to Stimulate Innovation and Entrepreneurship
Chapter 1: An Overview
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Part 1: An Overview of Government Intervention to Stimulate Innovation and Entrepreneurship
1.3 Part II: Non-tax Incentives to Stimulate Innovation and Entrepreneurship
1.4 Part III: Tax Incentives to Stimulate Innovation and Entrepreneurship from an International Perspective
References
Chapter 2: Tax Versus Non-tax Incentives to Stimulate Innovation and Entrepreneurship: An International Perspective
2.1 Introduction
2.2 An Overview of Innovation and Entrepreneurship
2.3 Review of Tax and Non-tax Incentives to Innovation and Entrepreneurship
2.3.1 Rationales for Incentives
2.3.2 Tax Incentives to Innovation and Entrepreneurship
2.3.2.1 Tax Incentives for Innovation
2.3.2.1.1 Tax Incentives for R&D
2.3.2.1.2 Specific Tax Rate
2.3.2.1.3 Patent Box
2.3.2.2 Tax Incentives to Entrepreneurship
2.3.2.2.1 Tax Incentives to Angel Investors
2.3.2.2.2 Tax Incentives to Venture Capital and Crowd Fund
2.3.3 Non-tax Incentives for Innovation and Entrepreneurship
2.3.3.1 Financial Assistance
2.3.3.2 Government Grants
2.3.3.3 Public Procurement
2.4 Research Methodology
2.4.1 Brief Overview of Methodology
2.4.2 Simplified Flowchart of the Dynamic IaE Process
2.5 Data Collection and Analysis
2.5.1 Experts Focus Group
2.5.2 Analysis of the Results
2.6 Summary and Conclusion
2.7 Limitation of Research
References
Chapter 3: The Role of Tax Incentives in the Promotion of Innovation and Entrepreneurship: A Time and a Place
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Context: Innovation, Entrepreneurship, and Research and Development
3.3 Types of Incentives/Policy Mix
3.4 Tax Incentives
3.4.1 Incentives at the Level of the Firm
3.4.2 Tax Incentives for Staff
3.4.3 Tax Incentives for Investors
3.5 Key Trends in Tax Incentives
3.6 Policy Considerations
3.7 Concluding Remarks
References
Chapter 4: Exploring the Relationship of Patented Innovation to Entrepreneurship in Selected Countries: Theoretical and Empirical Perspectives
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Why Innovation?
4.2.1 Schumpeter and Entrepreneurship
4.2.2 Patent Motivation and Business Startup
4.2.3 Organising for Innovation
4.2.4 Entrepreneurship, Small Firms and Innovation
4.2.5 R&D and Global Innovation
4.3 Data and Statistical Analyses
4.3.1 Dr. Mahadea, Darma
4.4 Discussion
4.5 Conclusion
Appendix – Raw Granger Causality Results
References
Part II: Non-Tax Incentives to Innovation and Entrepreneurship
Chapter 5: Policies and Programs to Stimulate Digital Transformation Among SMEs: Where Do We Go from Here?
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Digital Transformation Barriers
5.3 Policies Promoting Digital Transformation Among SMEs
5.4 Conclusion
5.5 Policy Implications
References
Chapter 6: Assessing the Impact of Major Political and Institutional Factors on New Businesses: The Case of Qatar
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Literature Review
6.2.1 Studies on the Impact of Political and Social Environment on Entrepreneurship
6.2.2 Studies on Institutional Support to Businesses and Entrepreneurship
6.3 Studies on Fiscal and Non-fiscal Incentives to Entrepreneurship and SMEs
6.4 Data Analysis and Econometric Model
6.4.1 Basic Summary Statistics
6.4.2 The Econometric Model
6.4.3 Empirical Results
6.4.3.1 The Augmented Dickey-Fuller Unit Root Test (ADF)
6.4.3.2 The ARDL Cointegration Approach
6.5 Discussion and Policy Analysis
6.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 7: Government Incentives to Stimulate Innovation and Entrepreneurship in Poland
7.1 Introduction
7.2 The Development of Innovation and Entrepreneurship in Poland (2006–2020)
7.3 Tax and Non-tax Financial Instruments Based on Domestic Sources
7.3.1 Policy Tools in Force in 2008–2015
7.3.2 Policy Tools in Force in 2016–2020
7.4 Programmes and Tools Based on Financial Resources from the European Union
7.5 Policy Instruments for Technological Start-Ups
7.6 Basic Findings and Conclusions
References
Books and Articles
Web Pages
Legal Acts
Chapter 8: Diversification, Entrepreneurship, and Natural Resources: The Case of Qatar
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Qatar’s Economic Structure from a Transformative State Perspective
8.2.1 Qatar’s Productive Circuit
8.2.2 Financial Circuit
8.2.3 Commodity Circuit
8.3 Economic Diversification Argument for Qatar
8.4 Potential Invention and Incentive Capacity in Qatar
8.5 Conclusions, Discussions, and Remarks
References
Part III: Tax Incentives to Innovation and Entrepreneurship
Chapter 9: The Italian Tax Incentives to Undertakings and the European Constraints
9.1 Introduction: Tax Incentives in Europe and Italy
9.2 Making Sense of Incentives in the Constitutional Italian Framework
9.3 The Definition of Tax Incentive
9.4 The Case for a Coherent Tax Incentives Scheme: The Industry 4.0 Plan and the Three-Pillars-Based Approach
9.4.1 Tax Credit for Investments on Instrumental and Durable Goods
9.4.2 Tax Credit for R&D, Technological Innovation, Design, and Creativity
9.4.2.1 Compliance Duties in Connection with the Incentives
9.4.3 Tax Incentives for Education 4.0
9.4.3.1 Compliance Duties in Connection with the Incentives for Education 4.0
9.5 The Italian Intellectual Properties Box System and Its Consistency with the Principles of Fair Tax Competition (and State Aid Prohibition)
9.5.1 The State of the Art and the Current IP Box
9.5.2 Procedure and Compliance Duties Connected to the Incentive
9.6 Tax Incentives and Their Constraints: The European State Aid Doctrine and the Code of Conduct
9.6.1 Prohibition of State Aid in the European Union and the Limitation to Tax Incentives
9.6.1.1 The European Commission Control over Tax Incentives and their Compatibility with EU Law
9.6.1.2 Soft Law Response to Tax Incentives: The Code of Conduct
9.7 Concluding Remarks and Policy Recommendations
Chapter 10: Incentivizing Research and Development Through Entrepreneurship in New Zealand: Politics to the Fore
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Background to Fiscal Support in NZ: Research and Development and Venture Capital
10.2.1 The New Zealand Productivity Paradox and Entrepreneurship
10.2.2 Research and Development and Venture Capital: An Introduction
10.3 Fiscal Support for R&D in NZ: A Political “Football”
10.4 New Zealand’s Fledging Venture Capital Market and Limited Partnerships
10.4.1 Venture Capital in New Zealand: A Review
10.4.2 Facilitating International Investment: The Limited Partnership
10.5 Discussion and Analysis
10.6 Concluding Observations
References
Chapter 11: Government Support to Stimulate Innovation and Entrepreneurship: Evidence from Croatia
11.1 Introduction
11.2 The Importance of R&D Tax Incentives
11.2.1 Types of R&D
11.2.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of Tax Incentives for R&D
11.3 Innovation and R&D Investment Performance in the Republic of Croatia
11.3.1 The Development of R&D Tax Incentives
11.3.2 The Structure of R&D Investment
11.4 Conclusion
References
Chapter 12: Assessing the Tax Incentives for Entrepreneurship and Innovation in Qatar
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Tax Incentives to Innovation and Entrepreneurship
12.2.1 An Overview
12.2.2 Types of Tax Incentives to Innovation and Entrepreneurship
12.3 Tax Incentives to Innovation and Entrepreneurship in Qatar
12.3.1 General Incentives
12.3.2 Tax Incentives for Innovation and Entrepreneurship Under Specific Tax Regimes
12.3.2.1 Qatar Financial Centre
12.3.2.2 Qatar Science and Technology Park (QSTP)
12.3.2.3 Qatar Free Zones
12.3.2.4 Media City
12.4 Analysis and Assessment of Qatar’s Tax Incentive Framework
12.4.1 General Provision
12.5 Concluding Remarks
References
Index