Geospatial Information Handbook for Water Resources and Watershed Management, Volume III: Advanced Applications and Case Studies

Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Editors
Contributors
1. Introduction to Volume III
Introduction to the Water Geospatial Handbook
History
Traditional Approaches Augmented
Building Spatial Datasets
Spatial Positioning
Spectral Resolution
Scaling and Modeling
Deterministic Modeling
Verification
Applications
2. Introduction to Volume III and Two-Stage Ditch and River Geomorphology Case Study
Volume III, Chapter 3, History of Ditches and Drainage
Volume III, Chapter 4, Active Floodplain Characteristics and Discharges
Volume III, Chapter 5, Design Tools for Two-Stage Ditches
Volume III, Chapter 6, Ditches and Stability over Time
Volume III, Chapter 7, Remote Measures of River Change
Volume III, Chapter 8, Fluvial Geomorphology and River Widening
Volume III, Chapter 9, Prioritizing Remediation of Lakes
Volume III, Chapter 10, Ecological Services, Water, and Climate
Volume III, Chapter 11, Ecological Services and Water Quality
Volume III, Chapter 12, Capturing Soil Moisture Variations
3. Water Resources and Agricultural Ditch Management
Background
Agricultural Drainage in Europe and Early America
American Settlement of the Midwest
Technological Advances and Legislation Affecting Agricultural Drainage Systems in the 20th Century
Scientific and Cultural Shifts in the View of Stream Systems and Land Drainage
Stream and River Morphology Research
Effects of Channelization on Hydrology and Hydraulics
Stream Ecology and Water Quality Research
Effects of Channelization on Stream Biota and Water Quality
Federal Legislation and the Culture of Agricultural Drainage
Restoration, Rehabilitation, and Naturalization of Drainage Ditches
Persistent Nutrient Enrichment Becomes a National Priority
Managing Agricultural Drainage Ditches to Improve Water Quality
Alternative Agricultural Drainage Ditch Approaches and Design
Geomorphology and Fluvial Processes in Agricultural Drainage Ditches
Aquatic Diversity and Water Quality in Agricultural Drainage Ditches
Managing Floodplains in Agricultural Ditches: The Two-Stage Ditch Approach
Conclusions
References
4. Active Floodplain Requirements for Sustaining Two-Stage Channel Geometry
Introduction
Processes in Channel Systems
Dynamic Equilibrium
Channel-Forming Discharges
Active Floodplain Requirements
Channel Hydraulics and Characteristics
Active Floodplain Minimum Size Requirements
Discussion
Acknowledgments
References
5. Enhanced Channel Design v2.6: A Design Tool for Two-Stage Ditches and Self-Forming Channels
Introduction
Enhanced Channel Design v2.6 Software
Literature for Further Background Reading
6. Evaluating Geomorphic Change in Constructed Two-Stage Ditches
Introduction
Methods
Study Site Description
Data Collection
Determinations of Geomorphic Change
Regional Hydraulic Geometry Relationships
Results
Geomorphic Change in the Inset Channel
Geomorphic Change below the Lower Datum and on the Benches
Geomorphic Changes below the Upper Datum and in the Banks
Discussion
Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
7. Air-Photo-Based Change in Channel Width Sedimentation in the Minnesota River Basin
Introduction
Identifying and Measuring Bankfull Width
Mechanisms of Channel Width Change
Regional Setting
Methods
Measurements of Channel Width
Hydraulic Geometry/Channel Cross-Sectional Area
Sediment Size
Results
Width Change Measurements
Change in Hydraulic Geometry
Cross-Sectional Area Estimates
Size Distribution Data
Bankfull Volume Estimates
Discussion
Temporal Change in Hydraulic Geometry
Basin-Wide Implications
Significance of Widening-Related Sediment for Lower Minnesota River
Other Geomorphic Adjustments
Management Implications
Conclusions
Minnesota River over the Past Several Decades
Acknowledgments
References
8. Hydrologic Alteration Drives Channel Widening and Alters Sandbar Vegetation Dynamics on a Large, Alluvial River in Minnesota, USA
Introduction
Research Site Location and History
Hydrologic and Geomorphic Change on the Lower Minnesota River
Research Questions
Methods
Historic Aerial Photo and GIS Investigations
Field Data Collection of Stream Bank Erosion, Sediment and Nutrient Properties, and Floodplain Deposition
Calculations of Change to Shear Stress in the Lower Minnesota River
Streamflow Trends
Ecohydrological Investigations of Sandbar Vegetation
Results and Discussion
Field Study of Streambank Properties and Erosion Rates
Rates of Bank Retreat in the Minnesota River Basin Since 1991
Channel Change in the Lower Minnesota River 1938–2009
Calculations of Changes to Bankfull Shear Stress
Depositional Rates
Riparian Vegetation and Hydrology Interactions Effect on Channel Evolution
Management Implications
Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
9. A Comparison of Methods for Prioritizing Lakes in Minnesota
Introduction
Material and Methods
Study Lakes and Environmental Data
Groundwater Dominance, Lake Watershed Transport Capacity, and Lake Watershed Health Index
Values-Based Model Prioritization
Benefit: Cost Ratio Analysis
Lake Biological Community Prioritization
Comparison of Prioritizations
Results
Groundwater Dominance, Lake Watershed Transport Capacity, and Lake Watershed Health Index
Values-Based Model Prioritization
Benefit: Cost Ratio Prioritization
Comparison of Prioritizations
Lake Conservation Case History
Discussion
Acknowledgments
References
10. Water Yield Ecosystem Services Assessment in Periyar Tiger Reserve
Introduction
Study Area
Materials and Methodology
Data Preparation
Average Annual Reference Evapotranspiration
Plant Available Water Content
Soil Depth
Land Use Land Cover
Precipitation
Watersheds and Sub-Watersheds
Biophysical Table
Seasonality Factor (Z)
Result
Discussion
Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
11. Water Quality Parameters as Related to Small Watershed Land Cover
Introduction
Materials and Methods
Water Sample Collection and Land Use Survey
Kutukchari
Kichingmontala
Ghilachari
Water Sample Preservation and Analyses
Results
Land Use and Creek Water Quality
Land Use and Seepage Water Quality
Discussion
Effect of Land Use/Land Cover of Water Quality Parameters
Correlation of Spatial Variation, Slope, and Aspect of the Catchments on Water Quality Parameters
Water Quality Parameters and Plantation Watershed
Water Quality Parameters and Shifting Cultivation Watershed
Water Quality Parameter in Plantation to Shifting Cultivation Watershed
Limitation of Micro-catchment Approach in Land Use-Water Quality Study
Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
12. Soil Moisture Estimation Using a SAR Water Cloud Model for an Improved Anchor Pixel Selection Process in SEBAL
Introduction
Study Area and Datasets
Ground Data
Satellite Data Acquisition and Pre-Processing
Water Cloud Model
Inversion of Soil Moisture Content
Correction Factor Applied to Estimate the Moisture Content in WCM
Anchor Pixel Selection Method
Results and Discussions
Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Index