Methods and techniques for monitoring subsurface carbon dioxide storage
Storing carbon dioxide in underground geological formations is emerging as a promising technology to reduce carbon dioxide emissions in the atmosphere. A range of geophysical techniques can be deployed to remotely track carbon dioxide plumes and monitor changes in the subsurface, which is critical for ensuring for safe, long-term storage.
Geophysical Monitoring for Geologic Carbon Storage provides a comprehensive review of different geophysical techniques currently in use and being developed, assessing their advantages and limitations.
Volume highlights include:
- Geodetic and surface monitoring techniques
- Subsurface monitoring using seismic techniques
- Subsurface monitoring using non-seismic techniques
- Case studies of geophysical monitoring at different geologic carbon storage sites
The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.
Author(s): Lianjie Huang
Series: Geophysical Monograph Series, 272
Publisher: Wiley-AGU
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 465
City: Washington, D.C.
Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
List of Contributors
Preface
Chapter 1 Evaluating Different Geophysical Monitoring Techniques for Geological Carbon Storage
1.1. INTRODUCTION
1.2. GEODETIC AND SURFACE MONITORING
1.3. SUBSURFACE SEISMIC MONITORING
1.4. SUBSURFACE NONSEISMIC MONITORING
1.5. CASE STUDIES OF GEOPHYSICAL MONITORING
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Part I Geodetic and Surface Monitoring
Chapter 2 Geodetic Monitoring of the Geological Storage ofGreenhouse Gas Emissions
2.1. INTRODUCTION
2.2. OBSERVATIONAL METHODS
2.3. DATA INTERPRETATION AND INVERSION METHODS
2.4. FIELD APPLICATIONS
2.5. CONCLUSIONS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
Chapter 3 Surface Monitoring, Verification, and Accounting (MVA) for Geologic Sequestration Storage
3.1. INTRODUCTION
3.2. CURRENT STATE OF THE ART
3.3. FREQUENCY MODULATED SPECTROSCOPY
3.4. FMS PHYSICS AND MODELING
3.5. RESULTS
3.6. CONCLUSION
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
Part II Subsurface Seismic Monitoring
Chapter 4 Optimal Design of Microseismic Monitoring Network for Cost-Effective Monitoring of Geologic Carbon Storage
4.1. INTRODUCTION
4.2. METHOD
4.3. OPTIMAL DESIGN OF A SURFACE SEISMIC ARRAY
4.4. OPTIMAL DESIGN OF A BOREHOLE GEOPHONE ARRAY
4.5. DISCUSSION
4.6 CONCLUSIONS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
Chapter 5 Seismic Response of Fractured Sandstone During Geological Sequestration of CO2: Laboratory Measurements at Mid (Sonic) Frequencies and X-Ray CT Fluid Phase Visualization
5.1. INTRODUCTION
5.2. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
5.3. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
5.4. DISCUSSION
5.5. CONCLUSIONS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
Chapter 6 Dynamic Moduli and Attenuation: Rhyolite and Carbonate Examples
6.1. INTRODUCTION
6.2. DATA COLLECTION AND METHODOLOGY
6.3. LABORATORY CORE MEASUREMENTS
6.4. INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS
6.5. CONCLUSIONS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
Chapter 7 Elastic-Wave Sensitivity Propagation for Optimal Time-LapseSeismic Survey Design
7.1. INTRODUCTION
7.2. METHODOLOGY
7.3. NUMERICAL RESULTS
7.4. CONCLUSIONS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
Chapter 8 Time-Lapse Offset VSP Monitoring at the Aneth CO2-EOR Field
8.1. INTRODUCTION
8.2. TIME-LAPSE OFFSET VSP SURVEYS
8.3 RELOCATION OF OFFSET VSP SOURCES
8.4. BALANCING TIME-LAPSE VSP DATA
8.5. DEPTH MIGRATION OF TIME-LAPSE OFFSET VSP DATA
8.6. TIME-LAPSE RESERVOIR CHANGE
8.7. CONCLUSIONS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
Chapter 9 Reverse Time Migration of Time-Lapse Walkaway VSP Data for Monitoring CO2 Injection at the SACROC CO2-EOR Field
9.1. INTRODUCTION
9.2. WALKAWAY VSP DATA RECORDED AT SACROC FIELD
9.3. STATICS CORRECTION AND AMPLITUDE BALANCING
9.4. RTM IMAGING
9.5. DISCUSSION
9.6. CONCLUSIONS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
Chapter 10 Least-Squares Reverse-Time Migration for Reservoir Imaging at the Cranfield CO2 -EOR Field
10.1. INTRODUCTION
10.2. LEAST-SQUARES REVERSE-TIME MIGRATION
10.3. LEAST-SQUARES REVERSE-TIME MIGRATION OF VSP DATA
10.4. DISCUSSION
10.5. CONCLUSIONS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
Chapter 11 Quantifying Changes of Subsurface Geophysical Properties Using Double-Difference Seismic-Waveform Inversion
11.1. INTRODUCTION
11.2. METHODOLOGY
11.3. DOUBLE-DIFFERENCE WAVEFORM INVERSION WITH A PRIORI INFORMATION
11.4. DOUBLE-DIFFERENCE WAVEFORM INVERSION WITH THE MODIFIED TOTAL-VARIATION REGULARIZATION
11.5. RESULTS
11.6. CONCLUSION
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
Chapter 12 Multicomponent Seismic Data and Joint Inversion
12.1. INTRODUCTION
12.2. BACKGROUND: USES AND LIMITATIONS OF MULTICOMPONENT SEISMIC DATA
12.3. INFORMATION CONTENT OF MULTICOMPONENT DATA
12.4. DIRECT DETECTION OF FRACTURING WITH SEISMIC DATA
12.5. JOINT INVERSION OF MULTICOMPONENT SEISMIC DATA FOR SUBSURFACE CHARACTERIZATION
12.6. KEVIN DOME CASE STUDY OF QUADRI-JOINT INVERSION
12.7. APPLICATION OF JOINT INVERSION TO CHARACTERIZATION OF THE DUPEROW CO2-BEARING ZONE AT KEVIN DOME
12.8. DISCUSSION
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
Chapter 13 Tracking Subsurface Supercritical CO2 Using Advanced Reflection Seismic and Well Log-Based Workflows Incorporating Fluid Density and Pore Pressure Effects: Relevance to Reservoir Monitoring and CO2 EOR
13.1. INTRODUCTION
13.2. PETROPHYSICAL MODEL
13.3. METHODS
13.4. RESULTS
13.5. CONCLUSIONS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
Part III Subsurface Nonseismic Monitoring
Chapter 14 Monitoring Carbon Storage Sites With Time-Lapse Gravity Surveys
14.1. INTRODUCTION
14.2. GRAVITY ANOMALIES INDUCED BY CO2 INJECTION
14.3. GRAVITY MEASUREMENTS
14.4. MODELING GRAVITY ANOMALY ASSOCIATED WITH A CO2 PLUME
14.5. DEPLOYMENT OF GRAVITY SURVEYS: COST AND DESIGN
14.6. TIME-LAPSE GRAVITY MONITORING ON CCS SITES: REAL CASE STUDIES
14.7. CONCLUSIONS
REFERENCES
Chapter 15 Fundamentals of Electrical and Electromagnetic Techniques for CO2 Monitoring
15.1. INTRODUCTION
15.2. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2)
15.3. ROCK PROPERTIES AND RESISTIVITY
15.4. BASIC PRINCIPLES OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTROMAGNETIC TECHNIQUES
15.5. MODELS FOR SIMPLE RESISTIVE BODIES
15.6. ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS OF ELECTRICAL AND EM TECHNIQUES IN DETECTING RESISTORS
15.7. MONITORING OF SHALLOW CO2 LEAKS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
Chapter 16 Monitoring Geologic Carbon Sequestration Using Electrical Resistivity Tomography
16.1. INTRODUCTION
16.2. ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF EARTH MATERIALS
16.3. PRINCIPLES OF ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY TOMOGRAPHY
16.4. MONITORING SYSTEM DESIGN AND DEPLOYMENT
16.5. DATA PROCESSING
16.6. CASE STUDIES
16.7. FUTURE STUDIES
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
Chapter 17 Monitoring of Large-Scale CO2 Injection Using CSEM, Gravimetric, and Seismic AVO Data
17.1. INTRODUCTION
17.2 FORWARD MODELS
17.3. INVERSE PROBLEM
17.4 NUMERICAL EXPERIMENTS
17.5 CONCLUSIONS
REFERENCES
Chapter 18 Self-Potential Monitoring for Geologic Carbon Dioxide Storage
18.1. INTRODUCTION
18.2. MECHANISMS OF SP GENERATION
18.3. ILLUSTRATIVE CALCULATIONS OF SP POSTPROCESSOR
18.4. FIELD OBSERVATIONS
18.5. CONCLUDING REMARKS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
Part IV Case Studies of Geophysical Monitoring
Chapter 19 Microseismic Monitoring, Event Location, and Focal Mechanisms at the Illinois Basin–Decatur Project, Decatur, Illinois, USA
19.1. INTRODUCTION
19.2. GEOLOGIC SETTING AND SEISMIC HISTORY
19.3. MONITORING
19.4. SUBSURFACE ARRAY CALIBRATION
19.5. EVENT CHARACTERIZATION
19.6. MODEL INTEGRATION
19.7. DISCUSSION AND SUMMARY
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
Chapter 20 Associated Storage With Enhanced Oil Recovery: A Large-Scale Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage Demonstration in Farnsworth, Texas, USA
20.1. INTRODUCTION
20.2. METHODS
20.3. SITE CHARACTERIZATION
20.4. MVA
20.5. SIMULATION AND MODELING
20.6. RISK ASSESSMENT
20.7. CO2 ACCOUNTING AND IMPACT TO OIL RECOVERY
20.8. CONCLUSIONS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
DISCLAIMER
REFERENCES
Chapter 21 Testing Geophysical Methods for Assessing CO2 Migration at the SECARB Early Test, Cranfield, Mississippi, USA
21.1. INTRODUCTION
21.2. METHODS
21.3. RESULTS
21.4. DISCUSSION
21.5. CONCLUSIONS
REFERENCES
Chapter 22 Toward Quantitative CO2 Monitoring at Sleipner, Norway
22.1. INTRODUCTION
22.2. GEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND AND MODELS
22.3. METHODOLOGY
22.4. SLEIPNER CASE STUDY
22.5. DISCUSSION
22.6. CONCLUSIONS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
Chapter 23 Geophysical Monitoring of CO2 Injection at Ketzin, Germany
23.1. INTRODUCTION
23.2. KETZIN SITE GEOLOGY AND CHARACTERIZATION
23.3. CO2 INJECTION OPERATION
23.4. PETROPHYSICAL MEASUREMENTS
23.5. GEOPHYSICAL MONITORING
23.6. DISCUSSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
23.7. CONCLUSIONS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
Chapter 24 Geophysical Monitoring Techniques: Current Status and Future Directions
24.1. SUMMARY OF ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS
24.2. FUTURE RESEARCH DIRECTIONS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Index
EULA
