Geological Structures and Maps: A Practical Guide, Fourth Edition is a highly illustrated guide that introduces the skills of interpreting a geological map and relating it to the morphology of the most important types of geological structures. Photographs of structures are set alongside their representations on maps. The maps used in exercises have been chosen to provide all of the realism of a survey map without the huge amount of data present so that readers can develop skills without becoming overwhelmed or confused. In particular, emphasis is placed throughout on developing the skill of three-dimensional visualization that is important to the geologist. Thoroughly revised, and with more international examples, it is ideal for use by students and practicing geologists.
Author(s): Richard J. Lisle
Edition: 4
Publisher: Butterworth-Heinemann
Year: 2020
Language: English
Pages: 130
City: Oxford
Geological Structures and Maps
Copyright
Contents
Preface
Geological map symbols
1 Geological maps
1.1 What are geological maps?
1.2 How is such a geological map made?
1.3 What is the completed geological map used for?
2 Uniformly dipping beds
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Dip
2.3 Plunge of lines
2.4 Strike lines
2.5 Apparent dip
2.6 Outcrop patterns of uniformly dipping beds
2.7 Representing surfaces on maps
2.8 Properties of contour maps
2.9 Drawing vertical cross sections through topographical and geological surfaces
Worked example
2.10 Three-point problems
Worked example
2.11 Outcrop patterns of geological surfaces exposed on the ground
Worked example
2.12 Buried and eroded parts of a geological surface
Worked example
2.13 Contours of burial depth (isobaths)
Worked example
2.14 V-shaped outcrop patterns
Worked example
2.15 Structure contours from outcrop patterns
Worked example
2.16 Geological surfaces and layers
2.17 Stratigraphic thickness
Worked example
2.18 Isochores and isopachs
2.19 Topographic effects and map scale
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
Problem 2.1
Problem 2.2
Problem 2.3
Problem 2.4
Problem 2.5
Problem 2.6
Problem 2.7
Problem 2.8
Problem 2.9
Problem 2.10
Problem 2.11
Problem 2.12
Problem 2.13
Problem 2.14
Problem 2.15
3 Folding
3.1 Cylindrical and noncylindrical folding
3.2 Basic geometrical features of a fold
3.3 Terms relating to the orientation of folds
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
Exercise
3.4 The tightness of folding
3.5 Curvature variation around the fold
3.6 Symmetrical and asymmetrical folds
3.7 Types of noncylindrical fold
3.8 Layer thickness variation around folds
3.9 Structure contours and folds
Classroom exercise
3.10 Determining the plunge of a fold from structure contours
3.11 Lines of intersection of two surfaces
3.12 Determining the plunge of a fold from the dips of fold limbs
Worked example
3.13 Sections through folded surfaces
Classroom experiment
3.14 The profile of a fold
3.15 Horizontal sections through folds
Worked example
3.16 Construction of true fold profiles
3.17 Recognition of folds on maps
Worked example
3.18 Hinge points and axial surface traces
Worked example
3.19 Constructing hinge lines on maps
3.20 Determining the nature of folds on maps
3.21 Cross-sections through folded areas
Worked example
3.22 Noncylindrical folds and structure contours
3.23 Inliers and outliers
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
Problem 3.1
Problem 3.2
Problem 3.3
Problem 3.4
Problem 3.5
Problem 3.6
Problem 3.7
Problem 3.8 (A and B)
Problem 3.8 (C and D)
Problem 3.9
Problems 3.10–3.14 (in order of increasing complexity)
Problem 3.10
Problem 3.11
Problem 3.12
Problem 3.13
Problem 3.14
4 Faulting
4.1 Fault planes
Worked example
4.2 Slip and separation
4.3 Separation terms
Worked example
4.4 Repetition and omission of strata
Worked example
4.5 Determining the slip of a fault
Worked example
4.6 Components of slip
Worked example
4.7 Classification of faults based on slip
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
Problem 4.1
Problem 4.2
Problem 4.3
Problem 4.4
Problem 4.5
Problem 4.6
Problem 4.7
Problem 4.8
Problem 4.9
Problem 4.10
Problem 4.11
5 Unconformity
5.1 Types of unconformity
5.2 Overstep and overlap
5.3 Subcrop maps
Worked example
Worked example
5.4 The geological usefulness of unconformities
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
Problem 5.1
Problem 5.2
Problem 5.3
6 Igneous rocks
6.1 Intrusive igneous rocks
6.2 Extrusive igneous rocks
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
Problem 6.1
Problem 6.2
Problem 6.3
Problem 6.4
Problem 6.5
7 Folding with cleavage
7.1 Foliations
7.2 Axial-plane foliations
7.3 The relationship of cleavage to bedding
Worked example
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
Problem 7.1
Problem 7.2
Further reading
WARNING!!! DUMMY ENTRY
Geological map interpretation: general
How geological maps are produced
The geometry of structures and deformation of rocks
Foliations, fabrics and the study of structures under the microscope
Index
