Geochemical Treasures and Petrogenetic Processes

Dedication
Preface
Contents
About the Editors
Geochemistry and Tectonic Discrimination
Arc–Back Arc Cohabitation and Associated Bimodal Volcanism: Evidence from Neoarchean Raichur Greenstone Belt, Eastern Dharwar Craton, India
1 Introduction
1.1 Geological Background
2 Petrography
3 Analytical Procedures
4 Geochemistry
4.1 Geochemistry of Mafic Volcanic Rocks
4.2 Geochemistry of Felsic Volcanics
5 Discussion
5.1 Screening for Alteration and Element Mobility
5.2 Petrogenesis of Mafic Volcanic Rocks
5.3 Petrogenesis of Felsic Volcanic Rocks
5.4 Tectonic Evolution
5.5 Arc-Back Arc Association of Eastern Dharwar Craton
6 Conclusions
References
Identification and Modeling of Hydrogeochemical Processes in an Arid Zone of Mexican Highlands
1 Introduction
2 Methods and Materials
2.1 Study Area
2.2 Field and Laboratory Work
3 Results
3.1 Hydrogeochemistry
4 Discussion
4.1 Water–Rock Interaction Processes
4.2 Mineral Saturation Trends
4.3 Geochemical Modeling
5 Conclusions
References
Petrogenesis and Tectonic Implications of Oligocene Silicic Volcanic Rocks from Villa de Reyes Graben, San Luis Potosí, Central Mexico
1 Introduction
2 Brief Geological Background
3 Sampling and Analytical Methods
4 Results
4.1 Petrography
4.2 Major and Trace Element Concentrations
5 Discussion
5.1 Alteration Effects
5.2 Magma Source
5.3 Petrogenetic Processes
5.4 Tectonic Setting
5.5 Geodynamic Model
6 Conclusion
References
Sediment Composition and Provenance
Importance of the Geochemistry of Nearshore Sediments in the Realm of Heavy Metal Pollution Assessment
1 Introduction
2 Scope and Objectives
3 Materials and Methods
4 Results
5 Discussion
6 Conclusions
References
Geochemical Indicators in Provenance Estimation
1 Introduction
2 Material and Methods
3 Results
3.1 Major and Trace Elements
3.2 Sedimentary Organic Carbon
3.3 Strontium (Sr) and Neodymium (Nd) Isotopes
4 Discussions
4.1 Elemental Concentration and Ratios
4.2 Isotopic Systematics
4.3 Other Methods
5 Conclusions and Prospects
References
Source, Processes, and Depositional Environments of Estuarine Mudflat Core Sediments, Central Western Coast of India
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Study Area
2.2 Field Studies
2.3 Laboratory Analysis
2.4 Data Processing
3 Results
3.1 Sediment Components
3.2 Geochemistry
4 Discussion
4.1 Source, Processes, and Changing Depositional Environments with Depth
4.2 Sedimentation Rate
4.3 Enrichment of Metals
5 Conclusions
References
Mineralogy and Geochemistry of Marine Sediments in the Northeastern Gulf of Mexico
1 Introduction
2 Study Area
3 Sampling and Analytical Methods
3.1 Grain-Size Analysis
3.2 Thin Section Petrography
3.3 Mineralogy (XRD and SEM–EDS)
3.4 Geochemistry
3.5 Chronostratigraphy
4 Results
4.1 Grain-Size Parameters
4.2 Petrography
4.3 Scanning Electron Microscopy–Energy Dispersive Spectrum (SEM–EDS)
4.4 XRD Analysis
4.5 Geochemistry
4.6 Historical Record of Metals in Sediment Cores
4.7 Radiocarbon Ages
5 Discussion
5.1 Petrography
5.2 Mineralogy
5.3 Geochemistry
5.4 Enrichment Factor (EF)
5.5 Geo-accumulation Index (Igeo)
5.6 Pollution Load Index (PLI)
5.7 Radiocarbon Constraints
6 Conclusions
References
Mineralogy, Geochemistry and Geochronology of Igneous and Sedimentary Rocks
Boron Isotopic composition of Pegmatitic Tourmaline from Yumthang Valley, North Sikkim, India
1 Introduction
2 Geologic Setting
3 Sampling Description and Petrography
4 Analytical Methods
5 Results
5.1 Major and Trace Elements Geochemistry
5.2 Boron Isotopic Composition of Tourmaline
6 Discussion
6.1 Petrogenesis of Pegmatites
6.2 Boron Isotopic Composition of Tourmalines
7 Conclusions
References
Geochemistry and U–Pb CHIME Ages of Tonalite–Trondhjemitic–Granodioritic (TTG) Gneiss from the Central Bundelkhand Craton, India: Implication for the Presence of Paleoarchean Crust from Easternmost Exposed Boundary of the Craton
1 Introduction
2 Regional Geology of the Bundelkhand Craton
2.1 Field Association and Description of TTG Gneiss
3 Sampling and Analytical Procedures
3.1 CHIME Analysis
4 Results
4.1 Petrographic Characteristics
4.2 Whole Rock Geochemistry
4.3 U–Pb Zircon CHIME Dating of TTG
5 Discussions
5.1 Classification
5.2 Source Material and Petrogenesis
5.3 Tectonic Setting
5.4 Geochronological Significance
5.5 Paleoarchean to Mesoarchean Geodynamic Evolution of Bundelkhand Craton
6 Concluding Remarks
References
The Geochemical Affinity of Paleogene Glauconites in Paleo-Tethyan Deposits of India
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
3 Stratigraphy and Depositional Context of Paleogene Glauconites
3.1 Kutch Basin
3.2 Cambay Basin
3.3 Jaisalmer Basin
3.4 Barmer Basin
3.5 Assam-Arakan Basin
4 Mode of Occurrences of the Paleogene Glauconites
5 Mineralogical Characterization of Glauconites
6 Chemical Characterization of Paleogene Glauconites in India
6.1 Kutch Basin
6.2 Cambay Basin
6.3 Jaisalmer Basin
6.4 Barmer Basin
6.5 Assam-Arakan Basin
6.6 Salient Aspects of Compositional Variation in Paleogene Glauconites
7 Discussion
7.1 Stratigraphic Bias in the Distribution of Paleogene Glauconites Formation
7.2 Compositional Variation of Paleogene Glauconites in India
7.3 Origin and Evolution of the Paleogene Glauconites
8 Conclusions
References
Paleoenvironmental Dynamics in a Mesoproterozoic Epicontinental Sea, Faded Shale, Son Valley, India
1 Introduction
2 Geological Setting
3 Materials and Methods
3.1 Physical Attributes
3.2 Geochemical Attributes
4 Results
5 Discussion
5.1 Sediment Translocation
5.2 Sediment Source Variability
5.3 Weathering Variability at Source
5.4 Paleoenvironment
5.5 Paleoenvironmental Dynamics
6 Conclusions
References
Detrital Zircon Geochemistry in the Morita Formation, Northern Sonora, Mexico: Implications for Origin and Source Rock Type
1 Introduction
2 Geology and Stratigraphy
2.1 Morita Formation in the Sierra Anibacachi Section
2.2 Morita Formation in the Rancho Bufalo Section
3 Methodology
4 Results
4.1 Trace and Rare Earth Elements in Zircon
5 Discussion
5.1 Implication for Origin
5.2 Source Rock Type
6 Conclusions
References
Geochemistry and Petrological Studies of the Mesoproterozoic Glauconitic Sandstone, Semri Group, Vindhyan Basin, India: Implications for Paleoweathering, Provenance and Tectonic Setting
1 Introduction
2 Geological Setting of the Study Area
3 Sampling and Methodology
4 Results
4.1 Mineralogy and Petrography
4.2 Major Element
5 Discussions
5.1 Classification
5.2 Source Area Paleoweathering and Climate
5.3 Provenance and Sediment Maturity
5.4 Tectonic Setting
6 Conclusion
References
Application of Geochemistry in Geothermics
Geochemometrics: Petrology of Quaternary Volcanism in the Central Mexican Volcanic Belt
1 Introduction
2 Geological Setting
3 Fieldwork, Analytical Methods, and Handling Database
4 Results and Discussion
4.1 Group 1: Basic Rocks (TAS Classification: B, TB, and TBA)
4.2 Group 2: High-Mg Intermediate Rocks (TAS Classification: BA, TBA, A, and TA)
4.3 Group 3: Low-Mg Intermediate Rocks (TAS Classification: TBA, BA, TA, and A)
4.4 Group 4: Acid Rocks (TAS Classification: D)
4.5 Group 5: Disequilibrium Rocks (TAS Classification: TBA, BA, A and D)
5 Conclusions
References
Fluid-Rock Mineral Equilibrium and New Improved Na/K Geothermometer from Las Tres Vírgenes Geothermal Field, Mexico
1 Introduction
2 Material and Methods
2.1 Study Area
2.2 Hydrothermal Alteration
2.3 Geothermometry
2.4 Data Analysis
2.5 Methodology for Calculating the Activity Coefficients
2.6 Na/K Geothermometers
3 Results
3.1 Geochemistry of Water from the Geothermal Wells of LTVGF
3.2 Mineral Alteration and Fluid-Rock Equilibrium
3.3 Na/K Geothermometric Results
4 Discussion
4.1 pH
4.2 Fluid-Rock Equilibrium
4.3 New Na/K Geothermometer
5 Conclusions
References
Impacts of Hydrothermal Alteration on Magnetic Susceptibility and Some Geochemical Properties of Volcanic Rocks from Geothermal Areas
1 Introduction
2 Methods and Materials
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Surface Rocks from the LAGF
3.2 Geothermal Well Az-3, from Los Azufres Geothermal Field (LAGF)
4 Conclusions
References
Geosoftware in Geochemical Studies
TecMagDiSys: A New Computer Program for Multidimensional Tectonomagmatic Discrimination
1 Introduction
2 Methods
2.1 Structure and Use of TecMagDiSys Program
3 Application Studies
3.1 Case Study A1: Late Cenozoic Mafic Alkaline Rocks of the Nosy Be Archipelago (Northern Madagascar)
3.2 Case Study A2: Miocene Volcanic Rock Samples from the Afyon Volcanic Province (Eastern Part of Western Anatolia) Turkey
3.3 Case Study A3: Sites 417–418, Western Atlantic Ocean on DSDP Legs 51–53
3.4 Case Study A4: Neotethyan Suture Zone Ophiolites in Western Turkey
3.5 Case Study A5: Isua Greenstone Belt, West Greenland
3.6 Case Study A6: Prince Albert Greenstone Belt of Melville Peninsula (Nunavut, Canada)
3.7 Application A7: Bastar Mafic Dike, Central Indian Craton
3.8 Application A8: Serra Do Rabo Granite Stocks, Carajás Metallogenic Province, Northern Brazil
4 Conclusions
References
GraHyAlt—A Computer Program for the Graphical Presentation of the Hydrothermal Alteration Induced Effects in Geochemical Parameters of Volcanic Rocks
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
2.1 Binary Plots
2.2 Concentration Change (CC%)
2.3 Mass Change (%)
2.4 Alteration Box Plot (AI vs CCPI)
3 Validation of the Program
3.1 Plots of Elemental Concentrations
3.2 Concentration Changes (CC%)
3.3 Mass Change (%)
3.4 Alteration Box Plot
4 Final Remarks
5 Conclusions
References
WCSystem—A New Computer Program for Water Classification Through Five New Multidimensional Models and Its Application to Geosciences
1 Introduction
2 Material and Methods
2.1 Five New Models for Water Multidimensional Classification
2.2 Structure and Use of WCSystem Program
2.3 Program Availability
3 Application Studies
3.1 Case Study A1: Rotorua Geothermal System, New Zealand
3.2 Case Study A2: Miravalles Geothermal Field, Costa Rica
4 Discussion
5 Conclusions
References