Geo-Information Technology in Earth Resources Monitoring and Management

Contents
Preface
Acknowledgment
Chapter 1
Land Cover Mapping Using Sentinel and Landsat Data: Potential and Challenges in the Context of the National Reporting of Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Bulgaria
Abstract
Introduction
Data and Methods
Study Area
Classification System and Class Definitions
Reference Data Collection
Satellite Data Pre-Processing
Pre-Processing of Landsat 7 and Landsat 8
Pre-Processing of Sentinel-2 and Sentinel-1
Classification, Accuracy Assessment and Area Estimation
Results
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 2
Recent Trends of Urban Expansion and Consequent Land Transformations: An Appraisal of Asansol City, West Bengal
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Brief Literature Review and the Relevance of the Present Study
3. The Study Area: Geo-Physical Setting and History of Development
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Acquisition of Data
4.2. Method for LULC Classification
4.3. Methods for Accuracy Assessment
4.4. Methods for Computing Change Detection Indices
4.5. Methods for Estimating the Dynamics of LULC Classes
4.6. Methods for Future Prediction of LULC
5. Results and Discussion
5.1. Spatiotemporal Changes in Built-up Space: Speed and Intensity of Urbanization
5.2. Changing Scenario of Land Transformation: Magnitude, Rate and Nature of Changes
5.3. Future Prediction of Urban Expansion and LULC Status
Conclusion
Acknowledgment
Conflict of Interest
References
Annexure
Chapter 3
Changing Trends of Land Surface Temperature in Relation to Land Use Land Cover of Delhi, India
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Study Area
3. Data and Material Used
3.1. Satellite Image Specifications
4. Methodolgy
4.1. Normalized Difference of Vegetation Index (NDVI)
4.2. Normalized Differential Built-Up Index (NDBI)
4.3. Estimation of Land Surface Temperature
Step 1 - Calculation of Radiance of Band 10 and Band 11(for Landsat 8)/Band 6 (for Landsat 5) using Equation 3
Step 2 – Calculation of Satellite Brightness Temperature of Band 10 and Band11/BAND 6 by Means of Equation 4
Step 3 – Calculation of Proportional Vegetation (Pv) using NDVI Values in Equation 5
Step 4 – Calculation of Land Surface Emissivity (LSE) by Applying Equation 6
Step 5– Calculation of Land Surface Temperature (LST) by Executing Equation 7
4.4. Preparation of LULC Map
4.5. Urban Heat Island (UHI)
4.6. Urban Thermal Field Variance Index (UTFVI)
5. Results and Discussions
5.1. Spatial Analysis of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index
5.2. Spatial Analysis of Normalized Difference Built-Up Index
5.3. Spatial Analysis of Land Surface Temperature (LST)
5.4. Relationship of LST with NDVI and NDBI
5.5. LULC Map of Delhi
5.6. Spatio-Temporal Relationship between LST and NDVI LULC Wise
5.7. Spatio-Temporal Relationship between LST and NDBI LULC Wise
5.8. Urban Heat Island (UHI) of Delhi
5.9. Ecological Evaluation of Delhi Using UTFVI
Conclusion
References
Chapter 4
Spatio Temporal Analysis of Air Quality of Udaipur and Its Relation with Land Surface Temperature before and during Covid -19 Pandemic
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Study Area
3. Methodology
3.1. Ground Station-Based Data
3.2. Satellite Station-Based Data (Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS)
3.3. Spatial Analysis
3.4. Land Surface Temperature
3.5. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP)
4. Results and Discussion
4.1. Spatial Interpolation Analysis
4.2. Land Surface Temperature (LST)
4.3. Air Quality Maps Using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP)
Conclusion
References
Chapter 5
Characteristics of Atmospheric Aerosol over Indo-Gangetic Basin: Trend, Origin of Sources and Impact on Climate
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. In-Situ and Satellite Measurements
2.1. AERONET Based Measurements
2.2. MICROTOPS-II Sunphotometer Based Measurements
3. Variability of AOD over IGB Region
4. Comparison of AODS Measured by In-Situ and Satellite Data
5. Meteorological Parameters
6. Correlation Analysis between AOD Derived from MICROTOPS-II, AERONET and MODIS
7. Sources of Aerosols
8. Climate Impacts of Aerosols
9. Conclusion
10. Acknowledgment
11. References
Chapter 6
Analysing Urban Landscape Changes with Multi-Sensor Datasets on a Temporal Scale
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Study Area
3. Data Used
4. Methodology
4.1. LULC Change Detection
4.2. Estimation of NDBI for All the Raster Datasets
4.3. Estimation of LST
5. Results, Discussions and Data Analysis
5.1. Results for the Year 1993
5.2. Results for the Year 2002
5.3. Results for the Year 2020
5.4. Area Analysis
5.5. Discussion
5.6. Normalized Difference Built-Up (NDBI)
5.7. Land Surface Temperature (LST)
Conclusion
References
Chapter 7
Assessment of the Spatio-Temporal Variation of Biophysical Indices in the Spectral Delineation of the Urban Green Cover: A Case Study from Ranchi
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Study Area
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Data Used
3.2. Indices Used to Measure Biophysical Characteristics
3.3. Generation of Land Use/Land Cover Map
4. Results and Discussions
Conclusion
Future Scope and Recommendations
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 8
RS-GIS Application in Designing Sustainable Land Use Pattern of Killi Ar, Sub-Basin of Karamana River, Kerala
Abstract
1. Introduction
1.1. Study Area
Materials and Methods
2. About Our Research
2.1. Land Use Changes That Occurred During 1989 to 2020
2.2. Land Use Changes in Different Terrain Units
Conclusion
References
Chapter 9
A Remote Sensing and GIS Approach to Create 3D Building Model Using Cartosat-1 Imagery: A Case Study from Oshiwara City, Mumbai
Abstract
Introduction
Photogrammetry Relationship Studies and Modelling 3D City
Build Ground Images 3D City Model
Objectives
Study Area
Data Used
Cartosat-1
Sentinel 2
Software Used
Methodology
DEM Creation and DTM Extraction
Orthorectification
DHM Generation and 3D Model Construction
Interpretation of DTM and DSM
Building Height Calculation
Creation of Land Use/Land Cover Data of Oshiwara Region
Results and Discussion
3D Model City
Land Use and Land Cover Classification
Data Validation
Conclusion
References
Chapter 10
Identification of New Municipal Solid Waste Landfill Sites Using Integrated GIS-MCDM Techniques – A Review
Abstract
Introduction to Landfill Site Suitability
Geographical Information System
Multi-Criteria Decision Making
Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP)
Fuzzy AHP
Other MCDM Methods
Criteria for LSS
Conclusion
References
Chapter 11
Challenges of Urban Basic Infrastructure in Gated Societies of Greater Faridabad, India and Application of IOT in Smart Governance: Way forward to Sustainable Development Goals
Abstract
1. Introduction
1.1. Study Area
1.2. Methodology
1.3. Significance of Study
2. Results and Discussions
2.1. Statistical Testing
2.2. Analysis of Application of IOT in Smart Governance in Greater Faridabad
2.3. Issue of Coordination
3. SWOT Analysis of IOT Capable Greater Faridabad
3.1. Way Forward to Sustainable Development
Conclusion
References
Chapter 12
Characteristics and Nutrient Status of Limestone Soils in Leyte and Samar, Philippines
Abstract
Introduction
Materials and Methods
Study Site
Soil Profile Description and Sampling
Soil Physicochemical Characteristics
Soil Classification
Results and Discussion
Environmental Characteristics of Limestone Soils
Morphological and Physical Characteristics
Chemical Characteristics
Soil Classification
Soil Fertility Status
Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 13
Remote Sensing-Based Agricultural Drought Monitoring – A Review
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Precipitation Monitoring
3. Evapotranspiration Monitoring
4. Vegetation and Soil Moisture Monitoring
4.1. Passive Multispectral Remote Sensing Approaches
4.2. Microwave Remote Sensing Approaches
5. Integrated Approaches to Drought Monitoring
6. Past Challenges & Future Opportunities
Conclusion
References
Chapter 14
Application of Meteorological and Vegetation Indices for Monitoring of Drought Condition Using Geospatial Techniques and Statistical Approach in the Semi Arid Regions of Rajasthan, India
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Study Area
3. Materials
3.1. Remote Sensing Data
3.1.1. Landsat 8
3.1.2. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)
3.1.3. Land Surface Temperature (LST)
3.1.4. Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM)
4. Methodology
4.1. Land Use Land Cover (LULC)
4.2. Vegetation Condition Index (VCI)
4.3. Temperature Condition Index (TCI)
4.4. Precipitation Condition Index (PCI)
5. Results and Discussion
5.1. Land Use and Land Cover
5.2. Statistical Analysis between VCI, PCI and TCI Value (Linear Regression)
5.2.1. Linear Regression between PCI and VCI (Years 2018-19)
5.2.2. Linear Regression between VCI &LST (Years 2018-2019)
5.3. Spatial Distributions of Medicinal Plants with Vegetation Cover (Forest Type)
Conclusion
Recommendation
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 15
Evaluation of Remote Sensing Based Agricultural Drought Indicators for Crop Insurance
Abstract
1. Introduction
1.1. Objectives and Scope of the Study
2. Background Work
2.1. Cropping Seasons in INDIA
2.2. Climate Change and Disasters
3. Droughts – Types and Impacts
3.1. Drought Cycle
3.2. Chronology of Droughts in India
3.3. Drought Monitoring and Management in India
3.4. Drought Declaration Mechanism in India
4. Study Area – Telangana State, India
5. Methodology
5.1. Indices
5.1.1. Generalized Monsoon Index (GMI)
5.1.2. Satellite-Derived Drought Index
6. Hybrid Satellite Agricultural Drought Indicator (HySADI)
7. Data Acquisition
7.1. Data-Preprocessing
8. HySADI Method for Monitoring Drought Condition
9. Results and Discussions
9.1. Calculations of GMIsw and GMIpct
10. Conclusion and Recommendation
10.1. Conclusion
10.2. Recommendations
References
Chapter 16
Lessons from Central and Eastern Europe - Changes and Reasons of Renewable Energy Support Schemes
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Energy Policies
2.1. Main Types of Subsidies
3. Applied Subsidy Systems and Its Consequences
3.1. Bulgaria
3.2. Czech Republic
3.3. Slovakia
3.4. Slovenia
3.5. Romania
3.6. Poland
3.7. Hungary
3.8. Croatia
4. Beyond Subsidy – The Governance Factor
Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 17
Application of Remote Sensing and GIS in Limnological Studies: A Case Study from Northwest Himalayan Lakes, India
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Study Area
3. Methodology
4. Discussion
4.1. Review on Application of Remote Sensing and GIS for Limnological Studies
4.2. Slope Factor Analysis for Sedimentation Rate
4.2.1. Sattal Lake
4.2.2. Rewalsar Lake
4.2.3. Renuka Lake
4.2.4. Naukuchiatal Lake
4.2.5. Nainital Lake
4.2.6. Mansar Lake
4.2.7. Bhimtal Lake
4.2.8. Manasbal Lake
4.3. Correlation between Degree of Slope and Sedimentation Rate
Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 18
Identification of Locations for Artificial Recharge Structures Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques: A Case Study of Sitapur District
Abstract
Introduction
Study Area
Data Used
Methodology
Techniques of Data Analysis
Procedures of Analysis
Identification the Ground Water Prospect Zones from the Thematic Maps
Estimation of the Area Coverage of the Ground Water Potential Zones
Results and Discussion
Drainage Network
Lithology
Geomorphology
Slope Analysis
Land Use/Cover
Soil Type
Structure/Lineament
Rainfall
Groundwater Potential Zones
Proposed Recharge Structure
Conclusion
References
Chapter 19
The Application of Morphometric Parameters in River Watershed Management: A Case Study of Rihand River, India
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Regional Setting
3. Methodology
4. Morphometric Analysis of Rihand River
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 20
Geospatial Distribution of Dar Zarrouk Parameters Resulting from Vertical Electrical Sounding in Dharangaon and Erandol Block of Jalgaon District, India
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Geological Setting of the Area
3. Methodology
4. Result and Discussion
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Editors’ Contact Information
Index
Blank Page