Health status and the experience of working in health care roles are both strongly shaped by gender and, although there have been attempts to incorporate ’gender awareness’ in both health and employment policies, the significance of gender in these areas continues to be marginalised within public debates and academic discourses. Taking a social constructionist perspective, Watts considers the ways in which gender impacts upon health in all its elements including access, technology, professionalisation, health promotion and health as an important sector of the labour market. She discusses gender as a developing and diversified category, exploring ideas about masculinity and the fluidity of gender boundaries in determining individual identity. Chapters that follow discuss men’s and women’s health; ideology of gender and health, specifically exploring different social norms and ideas about male and female health and the dominant ideological association between femaleness and caring; working for health with particular focus on the gendered interplay of caring and curing roles; technology and changes to gender, health and healthcare; health promotion as a gendered activity and, finally, the importance of introducing an intersectional approach beyond gender to articulate a deeper understanding of health in a postmodern context. The concluding chapter draws together these themes to underscore the importance of placing gender at the centre of health and health care delivery to fully take account of both the different life and health experiences of men and women and the gendered dimensions of working in health care.
Author(s): Jacqueline H. Watts
Edition: 1
Publisher: Routledge
Year: 2015
Language: English
Pages: 216
Cover
About the pagination of this eBook
Half Title: Women’s Healthcare in Advanced Practice Nursing
Author Bio
Book Title: Women’s Healthcare in Advanced Practice Nursing
Copyright
Dedication
Contents
Contributors
Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgments
Springer Publishing Resources
Part 1: Lives and Health for Women and Minoritized Gender Persons
Chapter 1: Women and Their Health
SOCIAL CONTEXT FOR WOMEN’S HEALTH
HEALTH STATUS INDICATORS
THE FUTURE DIRECTIONS OF WOMEN’S HEALTH
REFERENCES
Chapter 2: Women and Healthcare Workforce: Caregivers and Consumers
WOMEN AND HEALTHCARE IN THE UNITED STATES
HEALTHCARE WORKFORCE: GLOBAL AND IN THE UNITED STATES
U.S. HEALTH WORKFORCE: OCCUPATIONS and PROVIDERS
WOMEN IN THE U.S. WORKFORCE
WOMEN AS PATIENTS
ALIGNING POPULATION NEEDS WITH HEALTH WORKFORCE AVAILABILITY, ACCESSIBILITY, AND CAPACITY: A FOCU
HEALTHCARE WORKFORCE DRIVERS AND DISPARITIES: INTERSECTIONS OF GENDER, RACE/ETHNICITY, ECONOMIC S
FUTURE DIRECTIONS: WHAT IS BEING DONE AND WHAT SHOULD BE DONE
SUMMARY
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
REFERENCES
Chapter 3: Women and Healthcare*
SEX, GENDER, AND HEALTHCARE FOR WOMEN
SEX AND GENDER DIFFERENCES, GENDER BIAS, AND HEALTHCARE
WOMEN’S HEALTH SCHOLARSHIP AND RESEARCH
SEX AND GENDER CONTENT IN HEALTH PROFESSIONS CURRICULA
HEALTHCARE FOR WOMEN: NEW MODELS
Toward Gender-Sensitive healthcare
NATIONAL POLICY AND WOMEN’S HEALTHCARE
GLOBAL POLICY AND WOMEN’S HEALTHCARE
REFERENCES
Chapter 4: Oppression, Racism, Income Inequity, and Women’s Health Outcomes
SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH AND ROOT CAUSES OF HEALTH DISPARITIES
THE IMPACT OF RACISM
INTERSECTIONALITY AS A LENS IN WOMEN’S HEALTH
DISCUSSION
FUTURE DIRECTIONS: A FOCUS ON SOCIAL JUSTICE
ADDITIONAL CHAPTER RESOURCES
REFERENCES
Chapter 5: Legal Issues in Women’s Healthcare
SOCIOCULTURAL CONTEXT
DISCUSSION
REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGY
DRUG USE IN PREGNANCY
LEGAL ISSUES IN DOMESTIC VIOLENCE
FUTURE DIRECTIONS
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
Chapter 6: Seeing the Whole: Feminist Theory as a Model for Patient Care
INTRODUCTION
WHY FEMINISM IS AN IMPORTANT CONSIDERATION WHEN PROVIDING HEALTHCARE SERVICES
ORIGINS OF FEMINIST THEORY
INTERSECTIONALITY
USING THEORY TO GUIDE PRACTICE
COMPETENCIES FOR ADVANCED PRACTICE NURSING
FUTURE DIRECTIONS
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
Part 2: Health Promotion and Prevention
Chapter 7: Women’s Bodies, Women’s Health*
WOMEN’S BODIES
WOMEN’S ANATOMY
ENDOCRINE PHYSIOLOGY
SEXUAL DIFFERENTIATION AND DEVELOPMENT
PUBERTY
WOMEN’S UNIQUE CYCLES: THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE
WOMEN’S CYCLES: HUMAN SEXUAL RESPONSE CYCLE
MENOPAUSE
BEYOND REPRODUCTION: SEX-BASED BIOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES
CONSIDERATIONS FOR SPECIAL AND MINORITIZED POPULATIONS
FUTURE DIRECTIONS
WEB/SMART PHONE/CLINICAL GUIDELINES/BOOK RESOURCES FOR PROFESSIONALS
REFERENCES
Chapter 8: Young Women’s Health
AN OVERVIEW OF ADOLESCENCE IN THE UNITED STATES
RISK FACTORS
ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT
FACTORS INFLUENCING ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT
HEALTH SERVICES FOR ADOLESCENTS
ASSESSMENT
GUIDELINES FOR HEALTH PROMOTION
THE PHYSICAL EXAMINATION AND LABORATORY SCREENING
REFERENCES
Chapter 9: Midlife Women’s Health*
MIDLIFE: DEFINITIONS, PERCEPTIONS, AND TRANSITIONS
THE TRANSITION TO POSTMENOPAUSE
CHANGING BIOLOGY: THE TRANSITION TO POSTMENOPAUSE AND BEYOND
THE TRANSITION TO POSTMENOPAUSE AND HEALTHY AGING
HEALTH PROMOTION FOR MIDLIFE WOMEN
FUTURE DIRECTIONS
REFERENCES
Chapter 10: Older Women’s Health*
DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS
CONTEXTS OF OLDER WOMEN’S LIVES
AGE-RELATED PHYSICAL CHANGES
SELECTED HEALTH ISSUES FOR OLDER WOMEN
HEALTHY AGING/HEALTH PROMOTION
RECOMMENDED SCREENING
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
Chapter11: Well Women’s Health*
COMPONENTS OF A WELL-WOMAN VISIT
SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS
SUMMARY
FUTURE DIRECTIONS
REFERENCES
Chapter 12: Mental Health*
INTRODUCTION
DEFINITIONS OF MENTAL HEALTH AND MENTAL ILLNESS
ETIOLOGY OF MENTAL ILLNESS
RISK AND PROTECTIVE FACTORS
REPRODUCTIVE LIFE CYCLE
CONSIDERATIONS OF SPECIFIC MENTAL HEALTH CONCERNS AND MARGINALIZED POPULATIONS
MENTAL HEALTH DISPARITIES
COVID-19 PHENOMENON
FUTURE DIRECTIONS FOR MENTAL HEALTH
RESOURCES
REFERENCES
Chapter 13; Nutrition for Women
THE NUTRIENTS-A BRIEF REVIEW
REVIEW OF NUTRITIONAL NEEDS THROUGHOUT THE LIFE CYCLE
PREGNANCY
LACTATION
NUTRITION-RELATED CONCERNS OF WOMEN
NUTRITION AND HEALTH PROMOTION
FUTURE DIRECTIONS
REFERENCES
Chapter 14: Healthy Practices: Physical Activity
Physical Activity, Exercise, And Fitness
RISK FACTORS AND HEALTH CONSIDERATIONS RELATED TO EXERCISE
DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA
ASSESSMENT
GUIDELINES FOR PROMOTING EXERCISE PRESCRIPTIONS
INTERVENTIONS/STRATEGIES FOR RISK REDUCTION AND MANAGEMENT
THE IMPACT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
THE CONTROVERSY OF TRANSGENDER ATHLETES IN COMPETITION
FUTURE DIRECTIONS
REFERENCES
Chapter 15: Healthy Practices: Sleep*
WHAT IS SLEEP?
ETIOLOGY AND RISK FACTORS OF SLEEP DISRUPTIONS
DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA AND RISK FACTORS
FUTURE DIRECTIONS
RESOURCES
APPENDIX 15A. MEDICATIONS USED IN SLEEP DISORDERS
REFERENCES
Chapter 16: Genetics and Women’s Health
OVERVIEW OF THE REACH OF GENETICS AND CLINICAL CARE
GENETIC AND GENOMIC COMPETENCIES FOR NURSES
SEX, GENDER, AND GENETICS
GENETICS AND TRANSGENDER CONSIDERATIONS
WOMEN AS GATEKEEPERS OF FAMILY HEALTH HISTORY AND HEALTH
FAMILY HISTORY AS A MEANS OF EVALUATING RISK
SCENARIOS
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 17: Women and the Workplace
SYSTEMIC INFLUENCES
ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES
Addressing Work-Related Adverse Health Outcomes
REFERENCES
Chapter 18: Health Considerations for Women Caregivers*
WOMEN AS CAREGIVERS
FACTORS AFFECTING CAREGIVERS’ HEALTH AND HEALTH PROMOTION: A FRAMEWORK
Caregiver Burden
HEALTH EFFECTS OF CAREGIVING
ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTIONS FOR CAREGIVERS: CONTEMPORARY EVIDENCE
CAREGIVER HEALTH
SUPPORT SERVICES AND RELATED ISSUES
REFERENCES
Chapter 19: Women’s Sexual Health*
SEXUALITY AND SEXUAL HEALTH
WOMEN’S SEXUAL RESPONSE
SEXUALITY ACROSS THE LIFE SPAN
SOCIOCULTURAL ASPECTS OF SEXUALITY AND SEXUAL HEALTH
SEXUAL HEALTHCARE
SEXUAL HEALTHCARE INTERVENTIONS
SEXUAL HEALTH CHALLENGES
SEXUAL DYSFUNCTIONS
FUTURE DIRECTIONS
REFERENCES
Chapter 20: Primary Care of Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Individuals*
REVIEW OF TOPIC
ETIOLOGY
RISK FACTORS
DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA
ASSESSMENT
GUIDELINES FOR HEALTH PROMOTION
INTERVENTIONS AND STRATEGIES FOR RISK REDUCTION
FUTURE DIRECTIONS
REFERENCES
Chapter 21: Fertility Self-Management and Shared Management
HISTORICAL AND SOCIAL CONTEXT
CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS
PRESCRIPTION HORMONAL AND OVER-THE-COUNTER METHODS
INJECTABLE CONTRACEPTION
CONTRACEPTIVE IMPLANTS
INTRAUTERINE DEVICES
STERILIZATION
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
Chapter 22: Preconception Counseling*
PRECONCEPTION CARE
UNINTENDED PREGNANCY
PLANNED PREGNANCY AND RISK SCREENING PRECONCEPTION HEALTH
BIRTH DEFECTS
Preconception Health and Lifestyle Risk SCREENING
CHRONIC MEDICAL CONDITIONS AS TERATOGENS
GENETICS
Intimate Partner Violence
EMERGING TOPICS: CLINICAL GUIDELINES, EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE
FERTILITY PRESERVATION (LGBTQIA+ INDICATIONS)
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
Chapter 23: Prenatal Care and Anticipating Birth
PRENATAL CARE
FUTURE DIRECTIONS
REFERENCES
Part 3: Managing Symptoms and Health Considerations
Chapter 24: Breast Health Considerations*
DEFINITION AND SCOPE
BENIGN BREAST CONDITIONS
BREAST ASSESSMENT
BREAST CANCER
REFERENCES
Chapter 25: Caring for the Transgender and Gender Nonbinary Patient*†‡
BARRIERS TO HEALTHCARE
GENDER INCONGRUENCE AND GENDER DYSPHORIA
MEDICAL TRANSITION
MASCULINIZING GENDER-AFFIRMING HORMONE THERAPY
FEMINIZING GENDER-AFFIRMING HORMONE THERAPY
GENERAL HEALTHCARE MAINTENANCE
CANCER SCREENING
FERTILITY CARE
GENDER-AFFIRMING SURGERY CARE
FUTURE DIRECTIONS
transgender and gender diverse RESOURCES FOR PROFESSIONALS
REFERENCES
Chapter 26: Sexual Health Problems and Dysfunctions*
NORMAL SEXUAL RESPONSE
SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION
SEXUAL HEALTH CHALLENGES
FUTURE DIRECTIONS
REFERENCES
Chapter 27: Vulvar and Vaginal Health*
EMBRYOLOGY AND ANATOMY
BENIGN DISORDERS OF THE VAGINA
NEOPLASTIC VAGINAL DISEASE
BENIGN DISORDERS OF THE VULVA
NEOPLASTIC VULVAR DISEASE
Special Populations At Risk For Vaginal And Vulvar Cancers
FUTURE DIRECTIONS
REFERENCES
Chapter 28: Perimenstrual and Pelvic Symptoms and Syndromes*
FEDERATION OF GYNECOLOGY AND OBSTETRICS NOMENCLATURE AND PALM-COEIN CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM
MENSTRUAL CYCLE
ABNORMAL UTERINE BLEEDING
AMENORRHEA
PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME and PREMENSTRUAL DYSPHORIC DISORDER
MENSTRUAL MIGRAINES
DYSMENORRHEA
FUTURE DIRECTIONS
REFERENCES
Chapter 29: Urologic and Pelvic Floor Health Problems
PELVIC ORGAN PROLAPSE
PAINFUL BLADDER SYNDROME/INTERSTITIAL CYSTITIS
CYSTITIS
FUTURE DIRECTIONS
REFERENCES
Chapter 30: Sexually Transmitted Infections*
DEFINITION AND SCOPE
ETIOLOGY
RISK FACTORS
IMPACT OF SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS
TRANSMISSION OF SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS
SPECIAL POPULATIONS
PREVENTION
SCREENING AND DETECTION
CARING FOR A PERSON WITH A SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTION
CERVICITIS
PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE
ULCERATIVE GENITAL INFECTION
DISEASES CHARACTERIZED BY VAGINAL DISCHARGE
ECTOPARASITIC INFECTIONS
HEPATITIS
FUTURE DIRECTIONS
REFERENCES
Chapter 31: Women and Hiv/Aids*
DEFINITION AND SCOPE
SOCIAL CONTEXT
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF HIV
NATURAL HISTORY AND HIV DISEASE PROGRESSION
HIV STAGING AND PROGRESSION
TRANSMISSION
FACTORS FACILITATING TRANSMISSION
RISK FACTORS FOR HIV
PREVENTION
TREATMENT OF HIV IN WOMEN
SPECIAL POPULATIONS
SUMMARY
FUTURE DIRECTIONS
REFERENCES
Chapter 32: Human Papillomavirus
ANOGENITAL HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS-RELATED DISEASE
ANAL HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS-RELATED DISEASE
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
Chapter 33: Gynecologic Cancers*
WOMEN’S EXPERIENCE WITH GYNECOLOGIC CANCER
IMPORTANCE OF PRIMARY CARE RELATED TO GYNECOLOGIC CANCERS
ACCESS TO AND USE OF WOMEN’S HEALTH SERVICES
DEFINITION AND SCOPE OF GYNECOLOGIC CANCERS
Occurrence, Diagnosis, and Treatment of the Cancers of the Female Genital Tract by Site
PRIMARY CARE CONSIDERATIONS IN THE TREATMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF GYNECOLOGIC CANCERS
PROMOTING PREVENTION OF GYNECOLOGIC CANCERS IN PRIMARY CARE
GENETIC traits and testing FOR GYNECOLOGIC CANCERS
SURVEILLANCE RECOMMENDATIONS FOR GYNECOLOGIC CANCERS
SYMPTOM MANAGEMENT DURING TREATMENT FOR GYNECOLOGIC CANCER
SYMPTOM MANAGEMENT FOR SURVIVORS OF GYNECOLOGIC CANCER
END-OF-LIFE CONSIDERATIONS
FUTURE DIRECTIONS
REFERENCES
ADDITIONAL READING
Chapter 34: Menopause*
DEFINITION AND SCOPE
ETIOLOGY
FACTORS AFFECTING THE TIMING OF MENOPAUSE
SYMPTOMS
EVALUATION/ASSESSMENT
DIAGNOSTIC STUDIES
TREATMENT/MANAGEMENT
FUTURE DIRECTIONS
REFERENCES
Chapter 35: Osteoporosis*
DEFINITION
ETIOLOGY
RISK FACTORS
SYMPTOMS
EVALUATION/ASSESSMENT
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSiS
DIAGNOSTIC STUDIES
TREATMENT/MANAGEMENT
FUTURE DIRECTIONS
REFERENCES
Chapter 36: Pregnancy Decision-Making and Supportive Care*
DEFINITIONS AND EPIDEMIOLOGY
ASSESSMENT
MANAGEMENT
ABORTION
POSTABORTION CARE
SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS IN PROVIDING PREGNANCY DECISION SUPPORT AND ABORTION CARE
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
Chapter 37: Infertility
DEFINITION AND SCOPE
PREVALENCE
ETIOLOGY
HEALTH ASSESSMENT
MANAGEMENT OF INFERTILE COUPLES
TREATMENT AND MANAGEMENT
INTERVENTIONS FOR INFERTILITY
ADVANCED TECHNIQUES FOR HARVESTING SPERM
OOCYTES AND GENETICS
MENTAL HEALTH AND WELL-BEING OF THE INFERTILE COUPLE
REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGIES AND ETHICS
FERTILITY CONSIDERATIONS FOR special populations
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
Chapter 38: High-Risk Childbearing*
HIGH-RISK PREGNANCY FACTORS
TERATOGENESIS AND EXPOSURES
Prenatal Screening and Testing Options
Carrier Screening
INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE IN PREGNANCY
RECURRENT PREGNANCY LOSS
MATERNAL CONDITIONS
ADVANCED MATERNAL AGE
HYPERTENSION
DIABETES
Obesity
Thyroid Disease
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
RESPIRATORY DISORDERS
PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS
PREGNANCY CONDITIONS
PRETERM LABOR AND BIRTH
GESTATIONAL HYPERTENSION, PREECLAMPSIA, HELLP, ECLAMPSIA
FETAL CONDITIONS
ABNORMAL PLACENTATION (CESAREAN SCAR PREGNANCY, PLACENTA ACCRETA SPECTRUM)
OTHER ULTRASOUND FINDINGS: PLACENTA PREVIA, VASA PREVIA, VELAMENTOUS CORD INSERTION, MARGINAL COR
STILLBIRTH
Professional CONSIDERATIONS
REFERENCES
Chapter 39: Intrapartum and Postpartum Care*†‡
INTRAPARTUM CARE
COMPLICATIONS IN LABOR
CONSIDERATIONS FOR SPECIAL POPULATIONS
POSTPARTUM CARE
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
Chapter 40: Mental Health Challenges
MENTAL HEALTH DISORDERS
ANXIETY DISORDERS
MOOD DISORDERS ACROSS THE LIFE SPAN
PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS
EATING DISORDERS
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDERS
FUTURE DIRECTIONS
REFERENCES
Chapter 41: Substance Abuse and Women*
DEFINITION AND SCOPE
INCIDENCE AND PREVALENCE
ETIOLOGY OF SUBSTANCE USE DISORDERS
EVALUATION AND ASSESSMENT
TREATMENT MANAGEMENT
PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGIC INTERVENTIONS
FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION-APPROVED MEDICATIONS FOR TREATING SUBSTANCE USE DISORDERS
FUTURE DIRECTIONS
REFERENCES
Chapter 42: Gender-Based Violence and Women’s Health
DEFINITION AND SCOPE (INCIDENCE/PREVALENCE)
HEALTH CONSEQUENCES OF INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE
HEALTHCARE USAGE AND PERCEPTIONS OF HEALTH
EVALUATION/ASSESSMENT
TREATMENT/MANAGEMENT
REFERENCES
Chapter 43: Cardiovascular Disease in Women*
DEFINITION AND SCOPE OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS
DIAGNOSTIC STUDIES
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE DIAGNOSES
FUTURE DIRECTIONS
REFERENCES
Chapter 44: Endocrine-Related Problems*
HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY RELATIONSHIPS
THYROID DISORDERS
PARATHYROID DISEASE
METABOLIC SYNDROME
DIABETES
HYPOTHALAMUS AND PITUITARY GLAND DISORDERS
ADRENAL DISORDERS
HIRSUTISM
FUTURE DIRECTIONS
REFERENCES
Chapter 45: Chronic Illness and Women
DEFINITION AND SCOPE
ETIOLOGY
TREATMENT/MANAGEMENT OF CHRONIC ILLNESS
SELECTED CHRONIC ILLNESSES
RHEUMATIC DISORDERS
HEADACHES/MIGRAINES
FUTURE DIRECTIONS
REFERENCES
Chapter 46: Care of Women with Disabilities
BACKGROUND
SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH POLICIES, AND SOCIOECONOMIC HARDSHIP
RACE AND ETHNICITY FACTORS AMONG WOMEN WITH DISABILITIES
RISK FOR HEALTH DECLINE AMONG WOMEN WITH DISABILITIES
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
Index
