Gastrointestinal and Liver Pathology: A Volume in the Series: Foundations in Diagnostic Pathology

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Gastrointestinaland Liver Pathology
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Confidence is ClinicalKey
Dedication
Contributors​
Foreword​
Preface​
Acknowledgments​
Contents​
1 Non-Neoplastic Disorders of the Esophagus
Esophagitis
Inflammatory Disorders
Reflux Esophagitis
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Eosinophilic Esophagitis
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Lymphocytic Esophagitis
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Lichen Planus and Lichenoid Esophagitis
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Crohn’s Disease
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Graft-Versus-Host Disease
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Differential Diagnosis
IgG4-Related Esophageal Disease
Therapy or Toxin-Related Injur
Radiation or Chemotherapy Esophagitis
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Pill Esophagitis
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Esophagitis Dissecans Superficialis or Sloughing Esophagitis
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Caustic Esophageal Injury
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Miscellaneous Lesions
Inlet Patch
Heterotopic Sebaceous Glands
Glycogenic Acanthosis
Esophageal Hyperkeratosis and Epidermoid Metaplasia
Inflammation and Intestinal Metaplasia of the Gastroesophageal Junction
Structural Abnormalities
Congenital (Esophageal Atresia, Tracheoesophageal Fistula, Duplication, and Developmental Cysts)
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Acquired (Diverticula, Webs, and Rings)
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Features
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Motility Disorders
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Changes
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Systemic Sclerosis
Esophageal Varices, Perforations, and Tears
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
References
2
Tumors of the Esophagus
Squamous Papillomas
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Ancillary Studies
Immunohistochemistry
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Atypical Lipomatous Tumor (“Giant Fibrovascular Polyp” of the Esophagus)
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Ancillary Studies
Immunohistochemistry
Molecular Findings
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Barrett’s Esophagus
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Risk Factors for Esophageal Carcinoma
Dysplasia in Barrett’s Esophagus
Grading Dysplasia in Barrett’s Esophagus
Barrett’s Esophagus, Negative for Dysplasia
Barrett’s Esophagus, Indefinite for Dysplasia
Barrett’s Esophagus, Low-Grade Dysplasia
Barrett’s Esophagus, High-Grade Dysplasia
Variants of Dysplasia
Basal “Crypt” Dysplasia.
Foveolar, Nonadenomatous or Gastric-Type Dysplasia.
Intramucosal Adenocarcinoma
Ancillary Studies
Immunohistochemistry
Prognosis and Therapy
Adenocarcinoma
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Ancillary Studies
Immunohistochemistry
Molecular Findings
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Squamous Dysplasia and Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Ancillary Studies
Immunohistochemistry
Other Studies
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Undifferentiated Carcinoma
Clinical Features
Pathologic Findings
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Ancillary Studies
Immunohistochemistry
Prognosis and Therapy
Salivary Gland Type Tumors
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Features
Microscopic Features
Ancillary Studies
Immunohistochemistry
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Neuroendocrine Neoplasms
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Ancillary Studies
Immunohistochemistry
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Secondary Tumors of the Esophagus
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Ancillary Studies
Immunohistochemistry
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Suggested Readings
3
Non-Neoplastic Disorders of the Stomach
Acute Erosive/Hemorrhagic Gastritis (“Stress” Gastritis)
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Reactive (Chemical) Gastropathy
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross and Endoscopic Findings
Microscopic Findings
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Helicobacter pylori Gastritis
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Gastric Peptic Ulcer Disease
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Autoimmune Gastritis
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Immunohistochemistry
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Granulomatous Gastritis
Gastric Crohn’s Disease
Gastric Sarcoidosis
Lymphocytic Gastritis
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Infectious Gastritis
Eosinophilic Gastritis
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Collagenous Gastritis
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Gastric Mucosal Calcinosis
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Endoscopic Findings
Microscopic Findings
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Iron Pill Gastritis
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Doxycycline Gastritis
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Ménétrier’s Disease
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Gastric Amyloidosis
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Gastric Antral Vascular Ectasia (“Watermelon Stomach”)
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Portal Hypertensive Gastropathy
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Dieulafoy’s Lesion (Caliber Persistent Artery)
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Suggested Readings
4
Epithelial Polyps and Neoplasms of the Stomach
Gastric Polyps
Fundic Gland Polyps
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Molecular Studies
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Gastric Hyperplastic Polyps
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Gastritis Cystica Polyposa
Clinical Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Pancreatic Heterotopia
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross and Endoscopic Findings
Microscopic Findings
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Gastric Mucosal Xanthoma
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross and Endoscopic Findings
Microscopic Findings
Ancillary Studies
Histochemistry and Immunohistochemistry
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Gastric Carcinomas, Neuroendocrine Tumors, and their Precursor Lesions
Gastric Epithelial Dysplasia and Gastric Adenomas
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Molecular Studies
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Pyloric Gland Adenoma
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Oxyntic Gland Adenoma
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Ancillary studies
Molecular Studies
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Gastric Adenocarcinoma
Clinical Features
Gastric Cancer Risk Factors
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Ancillary Studies
Molecular Pathology
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Syndromic Gastric Cancers
Gastric Secondary Tumors
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Neuroendocrine Neoplasms
Neuroendocrine Tumors
Clinical Features
Pathologic Findings
Gross and Endoscopic Findings
Microscopic Findings
Precursor Lesions
Ancillary Studies
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Suggested Readings
5 Non-Neoplastic and Inflammatory Disorders of the Small Bowel
Patterns of Small Bowel Disorders
Flattened Villi Pattern
Intact Villi Pattern
Intact Villi with Neutrophilic Inflammation
Intact Villi with Eosinophilic Inflammation
Intact Villi with Lymphoplasmacytic Inflammation
Intact Villi with Paucicellular Inflammation
Applying the Pattern-Based Approach
Malabsorption Disorders
Celiac Disease
Clinical Features
Pathogenesis
Genetic
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Nonresponsive or Refractory Celiac Disease
Collagenous Sprue
Tropical Sprue
Peptic Duodenal Disease
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Ancillary Studies
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth
Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drug–Associated Injury
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Olmesartan-Associated Sprue-Like Enteropathy
Common Variable Immunodeficiency
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Autoimmune Enteropathy
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Microvillus Inclusion Disease
Congenital Tufting Enteropathy (Intestinal Dysplasia)
Enteroendocrine Cell Dysgenesis
Abetalipoproteinemia
Small Intestinal Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Crohn’s Disease
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Differential Diagnosis
Graft-Versus-Host Disease
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Ischemic or Hemorrhagic Enteritis
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Infectious Enteritis
Primary Lymphangiectasia
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Incidental Pigmentation
References
Suggested Readings
6
Neoplasms of the Small Intestine
Brunner’s Gland Hyperplasia and Hamartoma
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Differential Diagnosis
Gastric Heterotopia
Clinical and Endoscopic Features
Pathologic Features
Differential Diagnosis
Pancreatic Heterotopia
Clinical and Endoscopic Features
Pathologic Features
Differential Diagnosis
Pyloric Gland Adenoma
Conventional Adenoma, Serrated Polyps, and Adenocarcinoma of the Small Intestine
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Adenoma and Adenocarcinoma of the Ampulla of Vater
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Small Intestine
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Gangliocytic Paraganglioma
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Prognosis and Therapy
Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Small Intestine and Ampulla
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Prognosis and Therapy
Secondary Tumors
Suggested Readings
7
Gastrointestinal Mesenchymal Tumors
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor
Clinical Features
Radiologic Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Ancillary Studies
Immunohistochemistry
Molecular Genetics, Pathologic Phenotypes, and Prognosis
Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
Smooth Muscle Tumors Of The Gastrointestinal Tract
Clinical Features
Radiologic Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Ancillary Studies
Immunohistochemistry
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Granular Cell Tumor
Clinical Features
Endoscopic Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Ancillary Studies
Immunohistochemistry
Molecular Studies
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Clear Cell Sarcoma-Like Tumor of the Gastrointestinal Tract/Malignant Gastrointestinal Neuroectodermal Tumor
Clinical Features
Radiologic and Endoscopic Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Ancillary Studies
Immunohistochemistry
Molecular Genetics
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Clinical Features
Radiologic and Endoscopic Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Ancillary Studies
Immunohistochemistry
Molecular Studies
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Inflammatory Fibroid Polyp
Plexiform Fibromyxoma
Clinical Features
Radiologic and Endoscopic Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Ancillary Studies
Immunohistochemistry
Molecular Studies
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Calcifying Fibrous Tumor
Clinical Features
Microscopic Findings
Schwannoma of the Gastrointestinal Tract
Clinical Features
Radiologic and Endoscopic Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Ancillary Studies
Immunohistochemistry
Molecular Studies
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Mucosal Perineurioma (“Benign Fibroblastic Polyp”)
Clinical Features
Endoscopic Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Ancillary Studies
Immunohistochemistry
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Mucosal Schwann Cell Hamartoma
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Microscopic Findings
Ancillary Studies
Immunohistochemistry
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Ganglioneuroma
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Ancillary Studies
Immunohistochemistry
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Gangliocytic Paraganglioma
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Ancillary Studies
Immunohistochemistry
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Glomus Tumor
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Ancillary Studies
Immunohistochemistry
Molecular Genetics
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Intraabdominal Desmoid Fibromatosis
Clinical Features
Radiologic Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Ancillary Studies
Immunohistochemistry
Other Studies
Molecular Genetics
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Sclerosing Mesenteritis
Clinical Features
Radiologic Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Ancillary Studies
Immunohistochemistry
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor
Clinical Features
Radiologic Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Ancillary Studies
Immunohistochemistry
Other Studies
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Lymphangioma
Clinical Features
Radiologic and Endoscopic Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Features
Histologic Features
Ancillary Studies
Immunohistochemistry
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
PEComa
Clinical Features
Radiologic and Endoscopic Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Ancillary Studies
Immunohistochemistry
Molecular Genetics
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Suggested Readings
8
Non-Neoplastic and Neoplastic Disorders of the Appendix​
Congenital and Acquired Anatomic Anomalies of the Appendix
Fibrous Obliteration of the Appendiceal Lumen (Neural Hyperplasia)
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Acute Appendicitis
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Prognosis and Therapy
Other Studies
Periappendicitis
Ulcerative Colitis Involving the Appendix
Crohn’s Disease Involving the Appendix
Granulomatous Appendicitis
Cystic Fibrosis
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Infectious Causes of Acute Appendicitis
Clinical Features
Actinomyces spp.
Malakoplakia
Parasite Infections
Viral Infections
Endometriosis, Deciduosis, Gliomatosis
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Epithelial Neoplasms of the Appendix (Nonendocrine)
Adenoma
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Serrated Polyps
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Low-And High-Grade Appendiceal Mucinous Neoplasms
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Appendiceal Adenocarcinoma
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Pseudomyxoma Peritonei
Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Appendix
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Goblet Cell Adenocarcinoma
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Suggested Readings
9
Infectious Diseases of the Gastrointestinal Tract
Viral Infections
Cytomegalovirus
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Ancillary Studies
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Herpesvirus
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Ancillary Studies
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Adenovirus
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Ancillary Studies
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Associated Ulcerative Esophagitis
Aids Enterocolopathy
Bacterial Infections
Sarcina Ventriculi and Related Organisms
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Ancillary Studies
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Tropheryma Whipplei (Whipple Disease)
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Differential Diagnosis
Ancillary Studies
Bacterial Enterocolitis
Escherichia Coli
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia Coli
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Ancillary Studies
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Salmonellosis
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Ancillary Studies
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Shigellosis
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Ancillary Studies
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Campylobacter SPP.
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Ancillary Studies
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Yersiniosis
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Ancillary Studies
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Vibrio Cholerae And Related Organisms
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Ancillary Studies
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Aeromonas Spp.
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Ancillary Studies
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Clostridial Infections Of The Gut
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Ancillary Studies
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Klebsiella Oxytoca
Mycobacterial Infections Of The Gut
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Ancillary Studies
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Syphilis (Treponema Pallidum)
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Ancillary Studies
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Chlamydia Trachomatis
Neisseria Gonorrheae
Intestinal Spirochetosis
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Actinomycosis
Fungal Infections
Prognosis and Therapy
CANDIDA SPP.
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Prognosis and Therapy
Aspergillus Spp.
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Mucormycosis and Related Infections
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Basidiobolus Ranarum
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Ancillary Studies
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Histoplasmosis
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Penicillium Marneffei
Cryptococcus Spp.
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Parasitic Infections Of The Gastrointestinal Tract
Protozoa
Entamoeba Histolytica
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Ancillary Studies
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Trypanosoma Cruzi (Chagas Disease)
Flagellates
Giardia Lamblia
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Ancillary Studies
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Visceral Leishmaniasis (Kala-Azar) Caused By Leishmania Donovani And Related Species
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Ancillary Studies
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Coccidians and Related Organisms
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Ancillary Studies
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Helminths (Nematodes, Trematodes, And Cestodes)
Nematodes
Enterobius Vermicularis (Pinworms)
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Ancillary Studies
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Ascaris Lumbricoides (Roundworm), Ancylostoma Duodenale (Hookworm), And Trichuris Trichiura (Whipworm)
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Ancillary Studies
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Strongyloides Stercoralis
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Ancillary Studies
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Anisakis Simplex (Anisakiasis) And Related Species
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Ancillary Studies
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Trematodes
Schistosomiasis
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Ancillary Studies
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Acknowledgement
Suggested Readings
10
Non-neoplastic Disorders of the Colon
Idiopathic Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Ulcerative Colitis
Clinical Features
Radiologic Features
Endoscopic Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Biopsy Findings.
Variants of Ulcerative Colitis
Resection Findings.
Differential Diagnosis.
Ancillary Studies
Dysplasia In Ulcerative Colitis
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Crohn’s Disease
Clinical Features
Radiologic Features
Endoscopic Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Biopsy Findings.
Resection Findings.
Ancillary Studies
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Ileal Pouch Enteritis (Pouchitis)
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Collagenous Colitis
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Lymphocytic Colitis
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Ischemic Colitis
Clinical Features
Radiologic Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Radiation Colitis
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Diversion Colitis
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Diverticular Disease–Associated Colitis
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Mucosal Prolapse Or Solitary Rectal Ulcer Syndrome
Clinical Features
Radiologic Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Differential Diagnosis
Eosinophilic Proctocolitis
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Systemic Mastocytosis
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Mycophenolate Mofetil Colitis
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Immune Checkpoint Receptor Inhibitor–Associated Colitis
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Cord Colitis Syndrome
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drug Colitis
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Chemotherapy Effect or Mucositis
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Selected Readings
11
Gastrointestinal Polyposis Syndromes​
Adenomatous Polyposis Syndromes
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Serrated Polyposis Syndrome
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Juvenile Polyposis Syndrome
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Cowden’s Syndrome
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Cronkhite-Canada Syndrome
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Hereditary Mixed Polyposis Syndrome
Miscellaneous Syndromes With Associated Gastrointestinal Polyposis
Suggested Readings
12
Epithelial Neoplasms of the Colorectum
Colorectal Polyps
Adenomatous Polyps
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Neuroendocrine Proliferation In Adenomatous Polyps
Intramucosal Adenocarcinoma And “Carcinoma In Situ”
Molecular Features Of Adenomatous Polyps
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Malignant Polyps
Risk Assessment Of Malignant Polyps
Gross Evaluation
Histologic Reporting Parameters
Invasive Adenocarcinoma Versus Misplaced Epithelium (Pseudoinvasion)
Serrated Polyps
Hyperplastic Polyps
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Sessile Serrated Polyp/Adenoma
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Ancillary Studies And Molecular Alterations
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Traditional Serrated Adenomas
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Molecular Alterations
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Serrated Polyposis Syndrome
Colorectal Adenocarcinoma
Clinical Features
Molecular Pathways For Colorectal Carcinogenesis
Lynch Syndrome
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Uncommon Variants Of Colorectal Carcinomas
Morphologic Features Associated With Microsatellite Instability
Staging Colorectal Cancers
Assessing Serosal Penetration (pT3 vs pT4a)
Tumor Deposits
Isolated Tumor Cells and Micrometastasis
Assessing Tumor Stage Following Neoadjuvant Therapy
Tumor Budding
Ancillary Studies
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Neuroendocrine Neoplasms
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Immunohistochemistry
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Suggested Readings
13
Molecular Testing of Gastrointestinal Neoplasms
Assessment Of Mismatch Repair Function
Polymerase Chain Reaction–Based Microsatellite Instability Testing
Microsatellite Instability High Carcinoma: Sporadic versus Lynch Syndrome
Mismatch Repair Immunohistochemistry
RAS, Extended RAS, and BRAF Testing
Future Directions of Molecular Testing in Colorectal Carcinoma
HER-2 in colorectal carcinoma​
HER2 Testing in Upper Gastrointestinal Tract (Esophageal, Gastric, and Gastroesophageal Junction) Adenocarcinoma
Background and Rationale
HER2 Testing Methods and Scoring
Specimen Type
Immunohistochemistry
In Situ Hybridization
PD-1/PDL-1 In Esophageal And Gastric Carcinomas
Suggested Readings
14 Pathology of the Anal Canal
Anal Anatomic and Histologic Landmarks
Inflammatory And Non-Neoplastic
Crohn’s Disease
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Hemorrhoids And Anal Tags
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Anal Tags
Anal And Perianal Squamous Neoplasia Terminology
Tumors And Precursor Lesions Of The Anal Canal
Low-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion (Condyloma Acuminatum) of the Anal Canal
Anal Canal Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Ancillary Studies
Immunohistochemistry
Molecular Pathology
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Ancillary Studies
Immunohistochemistry
Molecular Pathology
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Adenocarcinoma
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Ancillary Studies
Immunohistochemistry
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Melanoma
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Ancillary Studies
Immunohistochemistry
Molecular Pathology
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Tumors And Precursor Lesions Of The Perianal Skin
Hidradenoma Papilliferum
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Condyloma Acuminatum
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Ancillary Studies
Immunohistochemistry
Molecular Pathology
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Perianal High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion (Bowen’s Disease)
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Bowenoid Papulosis
Squamous Cell Carcinoma Of The Perianal Skin
Verrucous Carcinoma
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Ancillary Studies
Molecular Pathology
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Paget’s Disease
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Ancillary Studies
Histochemistry
Immunohistochemistry
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Suggested Readings
15
Pathology of the Gallbladder and Extrahepatic Bile Ducts
Gallbladder
Cholecystitis
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Gallbladder Dysplasia and Carcinoma
Dysplasia And Early Gallbladder Carcinoma
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Molecular Findings
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Advanced Gallbladder Carcinoma
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Differential Diagnosis
Treatment and Prognosis
Extrahepatic Bile Ducts
Inflammatory Disorders Of Extrahepatic Bile Ducts
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Carcinoma Of Extrahepatic Bile Ducts
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Precursor Neoplasia
Invasive Carcinoma
Differential Diagnosis
Treatment and Prognosis
Other Lesions Of The Gallbladder And Extrahepatic Bile Ducts
Suggested Readings
16
Non-Neoplastic and Neoplastic Pathology of the Pancreas​
Non-Neoplastic Diseases
Developmental Anomalies
Pancreas Divisum
Annular Pancreas
Ectopic Pancreas
Pancreatic Hamartoma
Lymphoepithelial Cyst
Intrapancreatic Spleen and Epidermoid Cyst
Other Benign Cystic Lesions in the Pancreas
Simple Mucinous Cyst
Congenital Cyst
Duodenal Diverticulum
Pancreatitis
Acute Pancreatitis
Clinical Features
Radiologic Features
Pathologic Features
Ancillary Studies
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Chronic Pancreatitis
Clinical Features
Radiologic Features
Pathologic Features
Ancillary Studies
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Autoimmune Pancreatitis
Clinical Features
Radiologic Features
Pathologic Features
Ancillary Studies
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Paraduodenal (Groove) Pancreatitis
Clinical Features.
Radiologic Features.
Pathologic Features.
Differential Diagnosis.
Prognosis and Therapy.
Pseudocysts
Clinical Features
Radiologic Features
Pathologic Features
Ancillary Studies
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Neoplastic Diseases
Ductal Neoplasms
Precursor Lesions
Pancreatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia
Clinical Features.
Radiologic Features.
Pathological Features.
Ancillary Studies.
Differential Diagnosis.
Prognosis and Therapy.
Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm
Clinical Features.
Radiologic Features.
Pathological Features.
Ancillary Studies.
Differential Diagnosis.
Prognosis and Therapy.
Mucinous Cystic Neoplasm
Clinical Features.
Radiologic Features.
Pathological Features.
Ancillary Studies.
Differential Diagnosis.
Prognosis and Therapy.
Intraductal Tubulopapillary Neoplasm
Clinical Features.
Radiologic Features.
Pathological Features.
Ancillary Studies.
Differential Diagnosis.
Prognosis and Therapy.
Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Clinical Features.
Radiologic Features.
Pathologic Features.
Ancillary Studies.
Differential Diagnosis.
Prognosis and Therapy.
Neuroendocrine Tumors
Well-Differentiated Neuroendocrine Tumors (Grades 1–3)
Clinical Features
Radiologic Features
Pathological Features
Ancillary Studies
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Neuroendocrine Carcinomas
Tumors With Acinar Differentiation
Acinar Cell Cystadenoma
Acinar Cell Carcinoma
Clinical Features
Radiologic Features
Pathological Features
Ancillary Studies
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Acinar Cell Cystadenocarcinoma
Pancreatoblastoma
Clinical Features
Radiologic Features
Pathological Features
Ancillary Studies
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Serous Cystadenoma
Clinical Features
Radiologic Features
Pathological Features
Ancillary Studies
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Serous Cystadenocarcinoma
Solid-Pseudopapillary Neoplasm
Clinical Features
Radiologic Features
Pathological Features
Ancillary Studies
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Mixed Tumors
Mixed Ductal–Neuroendocrine Carcinoma
Mixed Acinar–Neuroendocrine Carcinoma
Mixed Acinar–Ductal and Mixed Acinar–Ductal–Neuroendocrine Carcinoma
Other Neoplasms
Frozen Section Evaluation and Diagnosis
Diagnosis of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma on Frozen Section
Evaluation of Resection Margins
Parenchymal Margin
Bile Duct Margin
Tissue Adjacent to the Superior Mesenteric Artery/Hepatic Artery
Suggested Readings
17
Non-Neoplastic Disorders of the Liver
Major Histologic Patterns of Injury
Acute Hepatitis Pattern of Injury
Acute Viral (Hepatotropic) Hepatitis
Clinical Features
Laboratory Values
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Ancillary Studies
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Nonhepatotropic Viral Infections
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Ancillary Studies
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Chronic Hepatitis Pattern of Injury
Chronic Viral Hepatitis
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Other Findings
Fibrosing Cholestatic Hepatitis
Ancillary Studies
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Autoimmune Hepatitis
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Fatty Liver Disease or Steatohepatitis Pattern of Injury
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Pediatric Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Differential Diagnosis
Ancillary Studies
Prognosis and Therapy
Alcoholic Liver Disease
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Cholestatic Pattern of Injury
Acute Versus Chronic Cholestasis
Patterns and Manifestations of Cholestasis
Disorders of the Bile Ducts
Large Duct Obstruction
Clinical Features
Radiologic Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Primary Biliary Cholangitis
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Ancillary Studies
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
Clinical Features
Laboratory Findings
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Overlap Syndromes (Autoimmune Hepatitis, Primary Biliary Cholangitis, And Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis)
Vascular Pattern Of Injury
Budd-Chiari Syndrome
Clinical Features
Laboratory Findings
Pathologic Features
Macroscopic Findings
Microscopic Findings
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Congestive (Cardiac) Hepatopathy
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Macroscopic Findings
Microscopic Findings
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Sinusoidal Obstruction Syndrome
Clinical Features
Laboratory Findings
Pathologic Features
Macroscopic Findings
Microscopic Findings
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Portal Vein Thrombosis or Obstruction
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Macroscopic Findings
Microscopic Findings
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Nodular Regenerative Hyperplasia
Clinical Features
Laboratory Findings
Pathologic Features
Macroscopic Findings
Microscopic Findings
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Hepatoportal Sclerosis
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Macroscopic Findings
Microscopic Findings
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Peliosis Hepatis
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Macroscopic Findings
Microscopic Findings
Ancillary Stains
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Drug-Induced Liver Injury
Clinical Features
Laboratory Findings
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Miscellaneous Patterns of Injury
“Almost Normal” Biopsy or Nonspecific Findings
Hepatic Granulomas
Necrosis
Metabolic Diseases
Iron Overload
Hereditary Hemochromatosis
Clinical Features
Laboratory Findings
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Ancillary Studies
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Secondary Iron Overload
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Copper Accumulation Disorder
Wilson’s Disease
Clinical Features
Laboratory Findings
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
α1-Antitrypsin Deficiency
Clinical Features
Laboratory Findings
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Ancillary Studies
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Glycogen Storage Diseases
Clinical Features
Laboratory Findings
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Ancillary Studies
Ultrastructural Findings
Lysosomal Storage Disorders.
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Clinical Features
Laboratory Findings
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Ancillary Studies
Ultrastructural Findings
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Glycogenic Hepatopathy
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Microscopic Findings
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Porphyrias
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Ancillary Studies
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Suggested Readings
18
Liver Neoplasms​
Epithelial Tumors Hepatocellular Tumors Focal Nodular Hyperplasia
Clinical Features
Radiologic Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Ancillary Studies
Immunohistochemistry
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Hepatic Adenoma
Clinical Features
Radiologic Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Ancillary Studies
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Macroregenerative And Dysplastic Nodules
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Prognosis and Therapy
Differential Diagnosis
Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Clinical Features
Radiologic Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Ancillary Studies
Immunohistochemistry
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Fibrolamellar Carcinoma
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Ancillary Studies
Ultrastructural Findings
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Hepatoblastoma
Clinical Features
Radiologic Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Ancillary Studies
Immunohistochemistry
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Biliary Tumors
Bile Duct Hamartoma
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Bile Duct Adenoma
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Solitary Biliary Cyst
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Prognosis and Therapy
Polycystic Liver Disease
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Prognosis and Therapy
Mucinous Cystic Neoplasm
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Features
Ancillary Studies
Molecular Studies
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Cholangiocarcinoma
Clinical Features
Radiologic Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Ancillary Studies
Immunohistochemistry
Differential Diagnosis
Molecular findings
Prognosis and Therapy
Combined Hepatocellular–Cholangiocarcinoma
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Mesenchymal Tumors Benign Hemangioma
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Infantile Hemangioma
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Ancillary Studies
Immunohistochemistry
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Mesenchymal Hamartoma
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Ancillary Studies
Prognosis and Therapy
Angiomyolipoma
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Ancillary Studies
Immunohistochemistry
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Malignant Angiosarcoma
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Ancillary Studies
Electron Microscopy
Immunohistochemistry
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Features
Ancillary Studies
Electron Microscopy
Immunohistochemistry
Genetics.
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Embryonal Sarcoma Of The Liver
Clinical Features
Radiologic Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Ancillary Studies
Electron Microscopy
Immunohistochemistry
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Primary Hepatic Lymphoma
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Metastases
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Suggested Readings
19
Gastrointestinal Lymphoma​
EXTRANODAL MARGINAL ZONE B-CELL LYMPHOMA OF MUCOSA ASSOCIATED LYMPHOID TISSUE (MALT LYMPHOMA)
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Ancillary Studies
CD43 Pitfall
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
IMMUNOPROLIFERATIVE SMALL INTESTINAL DISEASE (a HEAVY CHAIN DISEASE)
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross and Endoscopic Findings
Microscopic Findings
Ancillary Studies
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
FOLLICULAR LYMPHOMA (INCLUDING PRIMARY DUODENAL-TYPE FOLLICULAR LYMPHOMA)
Pathologic Features
Gross and Endoscopic findings
Microscopic Findings
Ancillary Studies
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
■ MANTLE CELL LYMPHOMA
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross, Endoscopic, and Radiologic features
Microscopic Findings
Ancillary Studies
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
LARGE CELL AND AGGRESSIVE B-CELL LYMPHOMAS
■ DIFFUSE LARGE B-CELL LYMPHOMA
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Ancillary Studies
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
■ HIGH-GRADE B-CELL LYMPHOMA
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Ancillary Studies
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Epstein-Barr Virus–Positive Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma, Not Otherwise Specified
Clinical features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Ancillary Studies
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
PLASMABLASTIC LYMPHOMA
Clinical features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Ancillary Studies
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
■ BURKITT LYMPHOMA
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Findings
Microscopic Findings
Ancillary Studies
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS–POSITIVE MUCOCUTANEOUS ULCER
MATURE T- AND NATURAL KILLER CELL NEOPLASMS
ENTEROPATHY-ASSOCIATED T-CELL LYMPHOMA
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross and Endoscopic Findings
Microscopic Findings
Ancillary Studies
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
MONOMORPHIC EPITHELIOTROPIC INTESTINAL T-CELL LYMPHOMA
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross and Endoscopic Findings
Microscopic Findings
Ancillary Studies
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
HEPATOSPLENIC T-CELL LYMPHOMA
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross and Microscopic Findings
Ancillary Studies
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
INDOLENT T- AND NATURAL KILLER CELL LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDERS
SUMMARY
SUGGESTED READINGS
20
Pathology of Liver, Small Bowel, and Pancreas Transplantation​
Liver Transplantation
Pretransplant Donor Evaluation
Preservation or Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury
Laboratory Findings
Pathologic Features
Microscopic Features
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Antibody-Mediated Rejection
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Gross Features
Microscopic Features
Ancillary Studies
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
(Acute) T Cell–Mediated Rejection
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Microscopic Features
Grading Acute T Cell–Mediated Rejection
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Chronic (Ductopenic) Rejection
Clinical Features
Pathologic Features
Microscopic Features
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Complications of Transplantation
Hepatic Artery Thrombosis or Stenosis
Portal Hyperperfusion Injury or Small-for-Size Graft Syndrome
Hepatic Venous Outflow Obstruction or Congestive Hepatopathy
Biliary Complications
Recurrent Disease
Recurrent Hepatitis C
Fibrosing Cholestatic Hepatitis
Recurrent Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
Recurrent Primary Biliary Cholangitis
Recurrent Autoimmune Hepatitis
Recurrent Fatty Liver Disease
Posttransplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder
Opportunistic Infections
Small Bowel Transplantation
Allograft Dysfunction
Infection
Rejection
Acute Cellular Rejection
Clinical Features
Pathologic Findings
Acute Cell-Mediated Rejection
Grading Acute T Cell–Mediated Rejection
Negative for Rejection
Indeterminate for Rejection
Mild Acute Cellular Rejection
Moderate Acute Cellular Rejection
Severe Acute Cellular Rejection
Antibody-Mediated Rejection
Chronic Rejection
Differential Diagnosis
Prognosis and Therapy
Pancreas Transplantation
Types of Pancreas Transplants and Indications
Whole-Organ Transplants
Islet Cell Transplantation
Evaluating Posttransplant Needle Core Biopsies
Allograft Dysfunction
Technical Failure
Immunologic Factors
Normal Allograft Biopsy
Cell-Mediated Rejection
Acute Rejection
Mild Acute T Cell–Mediated Rejection (Grade I)
Moderate Acute T Cell–Mediated Rejection (Grade II)
Severe Acute T Cell–Mediated Rejection (Grade III)
Antibody-Mediated Rejection
Grading Antibody-Mediated Rejection
Grade 1 (Mild Acute Antibody-Mediated Rejection)
Grade 2 (Moderate Acute Antibody-Mediated Rejection)
Grade 3 (Severe Acute Antibody-Mediated Rejection)
Chronic Rejection and Graft Fibrosis
Chronic Antibody-Mediated Rejection
Chronic Arteriopathy
Chronic Graft Fibrosis
Islet Pathology
Differential Diagnosis of Acute Rejection
Acute T Cell–Mediated Rejection
Prognosis and Therapy
Other Complications
Pancreatitis and Peripancreatic Abscess Formation
Viral Infezzctions
Cytomegalovirus Pancreatitis
Epstein Barr Virus–Related Posttransplantation Lymphoproliferative Disorder
Recurrence of Primary Disease
Suggested Readings
Index