This textbook examines key railway engineering topics useful for railway design and control. Conventional railways are considered together with high-speed railways, tramways, metros, maglev and hyperloop systems, people movers, monorails and rack railways. Every system of transport is described in its basic technical characteristics, especially in terms of transportation system capacity, alignment design criteria and construction costs. It is an introductory book to specific topics of the railway engineering field, and thus, the mathematical treatment is purposely brief and simplified. The book is an ideal learning resource for students of civil engineering, as well as a valuable reference for practicing engineers involved with railway designs.
Author(s): Marco Guerrieri
Series: Springer Tracts in Civil Engineering
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2023
Language: English
Pages: 269
City: Cham
Preface
Contents
1 Train Resistance and Braking Distance
1.1 Adhesion Force
1.2 Resistances to Movement
1.2.1 Resistance on Horizontal and Straight Tracks
1.2.2 Resistance Due to Gradient
1.2.3 Resistance Due to Curvature
1.2.4 Resistance Due to Inertia
1.3 The Traction Force and Electric Traction Standards in Europe
1.4 Line Performance Levels
1.5 Line Virtuality Levels
1.6 The Braking Distance
References
2 The Alignment Design of Ordinary and High-Speed Railways
2.1 Track Gauge
2.2 Horizontal Alignment
2.2.1 Straight Sections
2.2.2 Circular Curves
2.3 Speeds on Railway Lines
2.4 Transition Curves
2.4.1 Transverse Jerk
2.4.2 Roll Speed
2.4.3 The Lifting Speed
2.4.4 Superelevation Profile
2.4.5 Transition Curves: The Cubic Parabola
2.4.6 Design of the Cubic Parabola with the Preserved Radius Method
2.4.7 Design of the Cubic Parabola with the Preserved Centre Method
2.4.8 Transition Curves: The Clothoid
2.5 Minimum Permissible Length of Straights and Circular Curves
2.6 The Vertical Alignment
2.6.1 Maximum Gradient and Minimum Length of Grades
2.6.2 Vertical Curves
2.7 Three-Dimensional Alignment
2.8 Double-Track Railway Line
References
3 The Railway Track
3.1 Rails
3.1.1 Rail Joints and Welding of Rails
3.2 Sleepers
3.2.1 Mono-block Prestressed Concrete Sleepers
3.2.2 Twin-Block Reinforced Concrete Sleepers
3.2.3 Unconventional Sleepers
3.3 Fastenings
3.4 Rail Pads
3.5 Ballast Bed
3.6 The Sub-ballast and the Over Compacted Subgrade Soils
3.7 The Elastic Sub-ballast Mat
3.8 Subgrade and Formation
3.8.1 Embankment Sections
3.8.2 Cut Sections
3.9 The Slab Track
References
4 Wheel-Rail Interaction and Derailment Analysis
4.1 The Contact Area Between Wheel and Rail
4.2 The Adhesion Modifiers
4.3 The Derailment Risk and Nadal’s Formula
References
5 Introduction to Railway Track Design
5.1 Track Loads
5.1.1 Axle Loads
5.1.2 The Equivalent Load
5.1.3 Vertical Wheel Load
5.1.4 Lateral Forces Acting on Rails
5.2 Lateral Force Acting on the Flat Framework of the Track
5.2.1 Longitudinal Forces on the Track
5.3 Dimensioning Criteria with Static Analysis
5.3.1 Track Design in Case of Discrete Rail Support
5.3.2 Track Design in Case of Continuous Rail Support
5.3.3 Elastic Beam on an Elastic Foundation Model
5.3.4 Concomitant Action of Several Wheel Loads
5.3.5 The Jointed Rails
5.4 The Dynamic Amplification Factor
5.5 Bending Stress in the Rail Foot Centre
5.5.1 Stresses in the Rail Head
5.6 Sleeper Stresses
5.7 Stresses on Ballast Bed and Formation
5.7.1 Odemark’s Method
References
6 Railway Track Deterioration and Monitoring
6.1 Track Geometry
6.1.1 Gauge
6.1.2 Alignment
6.1.3 Longitudinal Level
6.1.4 Cross Level
6.1.5 Cross Level Deviation
6.1.6 Superelevation Deficiency
6.1.7 Twist
6.1.8 Vertical Rail Wear
6.1.9 45-Degree Rail Wear
6.1.10 Lateral Rail Wear
6.1.11 Other Geometric Parameters
6.1.12 Rail Defect Coding System
6.1.13 Fastening and Sleeper Examination
6.2 Rail Corrugations
6.3 The Rail Service Life
6.4 The Track Geometric Quality Index
6.4.1 Deterioration Curves of the Quality Indices
6.5 Diagnostic Devices
References
7 Basics of Switches and Crossings
7.1 Turnouts
7.2 Speeds on Turnouts
7.3 Curve Turnouts, Diamond Crossings and Crossovers
References
8 Railway Lines and Stations
8.1 Classification
8.2 Single-Track Lines
8.3 Double-Track Lines
8.4 Triple-Track Lines
8.5 Quadruple-Track Lines
8.6 Parallel Lines and Alternative and Supplementary Routes
8.7 Maximum Permissible Line Speed
8.8 The Railway Stations
8.8.1 The Way-Side Stations for Single and Double-Track Lines
8.8.2 Junction Stations
8.8.3 Terminal Stations
8.8.4 Yards
8.8.5 Types of Entrances to the Platform
8.8.6 Principles for Designing a Station Building
8.8.7 Marshalling Yards
8.8.8 Maritime Stations
References
Untitled
9 The Railway Bridges
9.1 Bridges Classified According to Structural Schemes
9.1.1 Girder Bridges
9.1.2 Arch Bridges
9.1.3 Trestle Bridges
9.1.4 Suspension and Stayed Bridges
9.2 Bridges Classified by Material
9.2.1 Prestressed Reinforced Concrete Bridges
9.2.2 Steel Bridges and Steel–Concrete Composite Bridges
9.3 Piers
9.4 Actions on Railway Bridges
9.4.1 Deck Self-Weight
9.4.2 Permanent Loads
9.4.3 Variable Actions: Vertical Loads
9.4.4 Dynamic Effects
9.4.5 Lateral Actions
9.4.6 Actions Due to Traction and Braking
9.4.7 Exceptional, Thermal, Wind-Induced and Indirect Actions
References
10 Railway Tunnels
10.1 The Geomechanical Classification R.M.R.
10.2 The NATM Method
10.3 The ADECO-RS Method
10.4 Conservation Interventions
10.5 Excavation Systems
10.5.1 Conventional Method for Natural Tunnels
10.5.2 Mechanised Excavation of Natural Tunnels
10.5.3 Excavations of Artificial Tunnels
10.6 The Tunnel Cross Section
10.7 Criteria for Choosing the Number of Tubes
10.8 Construction Costs of Railway Infrastructures
References
11 Traffic Management Systems and Railway Capacity
11.1 Automated Systems for Detecting Block Section Occupancy
11.1.1 Axle Counter Block (ACB)
11.1.2 Track Circuit Block (TCB)
11.1.3 Coded Current Automatic Block (CCAB)
11.2 Automated Train Control System
11.2.1 The ERTMS/ETCS System
11.3 The Mobile Block Section
11.4 Length Calculation of a Fixed Block Section
11.5 Line Capacity with Automated Block in a Homotachic Regime
11.6 Line Capacity with Mobile Block in a Homotachic Regime
11.7 Empirical Model for Calculating the Capacities of the Lines and Stations Adopted by the RFI in Italy
11.8 Capacity Indices
References
12 High-Speed Railways, Maglev and Hyperloop Systems
12.1 High-Speed Railways
12.1.1 Construction Costs of High-Speed Railways
12.2 Maglev Systems
12.2.1 Construction Costs of Maglev Lines
12.3 The Hyperloop System
References
13 Metro Rail Systems
13.1 Heavy Metros: Horizontal and Vertical Alignment
13.2 Stations
13.3 The Capacity
13.4 Tunnels and Superstructure
13.5 Light and Automated Light Metros (VAL, Véhicule Automatique Léger)
13.6 Construction Costs
References
14 Tramway Systems
14.1 Classification
14.1.1 Classification Based on the Corridor Type
14.1.2 Classification Based on the Service
14.1.3 The Superstructure
14.1.4 Tramways with Ground-Level Power Supply System
14.1.5 The Rubber-Tyred Tram
14.1.6 Road Safety Analyses
14.1.7 Construction Costs
References
15 People Movers, Monorails and Rack Railways
15.1 Automated People Movers (APMs)
15.1.1 Shuttle-Based Configuration
15.1.2 Loop Configuration
15.1.3 Guideway
15.1.4 Construction Costs of APMs
15.2 Funiculars
15.3 Monorails
15.3.1 Monorail Construction Costs
15.4 Rack Railways
15.4.1 Construction Costs of Rack Railways
References
Index
