This book is intended as a textbook on laser physics for advanced undergraduates and first-year graduate students in physics and engineering who need to use lasers in their labs and want to understand the physical processes involved with the laser techniques in their fields of study. This book aims to provide a coherent theoretical framework on the light–matter interaction involved with lasers in such a way that students can easily understand the essential topics related to lasers and their applications and get accustomed to the latest cutting-edge research developments. Most of all, the content of this book is concise to be covered in a semester.
Author(s): Kyungwon An
Edition: 1
Publisher: World Scientific
Year: 2023
Language: English
Pages: 322
Tags: Laser Physics
Contents
Preface
1. Classical Theory of Emission and Absorption
1.1 Emission Cross-Section
1.2 Absorption Cross-Section
Frequently Asked Questions
Exercises
Appendices
A1.1 Classical Picture of Atoms
A1.2 Classical Picture of Radiative Damping
2. Einstein’s Theory of Matter–Field Interaction
2.1 Einstein’s Theory of Blackbody Radiation
2.2 Einstein’s “A” in Quantum Electrodynamics
2.3 Laser Rate Equation
Frequently Asked Questions
Exercises
3. Semiclassical Theory of Atom–Field Interaction
3.1 Electric Dipole Interaction
3.2 Equation of Motion for State Coefficients
3.3 Density Matrix
3.4 Inclusion of Decay
Frequently Asked Questions
Exercises
4. Spectral Line Broadening
4.1 Power Broadening
4.2 Collisional Broadening
4.3 Doppler Broadening
Frequently Asked Questions
Exercises
Appendix
A4.1 Semiclassical Derivation of Fluorescence and Absorption Cross-Sections
5. Lamb-Dip Spectroscopy
5.1 Spectral Hole Burning
5.2 Lamb Dip
5.3 Cross over Resonances
Frequently Asked Questions
Exercises
6. Optical Bloch Equation
6.1 Derivation of Optical Bloch Equation
6.2 Evolution of the Bloch Vector
6.3 Adiabatic Following
6.4 Adiabatic Inversion Using a Gaussian Beam
6.5 Free Induction Decay and Optical Nutation
Exercises
7. More Applications of Bloch Equation
7.1 Photon Echo
7.2 Ramsey Fringe and Atomic Clock
Exercises
8. Rate Equation Approximation
8.1 From the Density Matrix
8.2 From Einstein’s Rate Equation
8.3 Limitation of the Rate Equation
Frequently Asked Questions
Exercises
9. Coherent Pulse Propagation
9.1 Maxwell–Schödinger Equation
9.2 Slowly-Varying-Envelope Approximation
9.3 Rabi Oscillation
9.4 Free Induction Decay Revisited
9.5 Area Theorem
Exercises
Bibliography
10. Quantum Theory of Laser
10.1 Quantum Equation of Motion
10.2 Laser Photon Statistics
10.3 Laser Linewidth
10.4 General form of Laser Threshold Condition
Frequently Asked Questions
Exercises
Bibliography
11. Strong-Coupling Regime of Cavity QED
11.1 Jaynes–Cummings Model
11.2 Semiclassical Picture of the Normal Mode Splitting
11.3 Observation of Normal Mode Splitting in Cavity QED
11.4 Single-Atom Maser, Single-Atom Lasers
11.4.1 Single-trapped-atom Laser
11.5 Superradiance
11.6 Superabsorption
Exercises
12. Survey of Various Lasers
12.1 The Beginning: The Ammonia MASER
12.2 The First “Optical” MASER: Ruby LASER
12.3 The First CW (Gas) Laser: He-Ne Laser
12.4 CO2 Laser
12.5 Noble Gas Lasers: Ar-Ion Laser
12.6 Nd: YAG, Nd: Glass Lasers
12.7 Ti-Sapphire Laser
12.8 Dye Laser
12.9 Chemical Lasers: Excimer Laser
12.10 Semiconductor Lasers: LED’s and Laser Diodes
12.11 Free-Electron Laser
12.12 X-Ray Laser, Gamma-Ray Laser
12.13 Fiber Laser
Exercises
13. Pulsed Lasers and Frequency Combs
13.1 Q-Switching
13.2 Mode Locking
13.3 Frequency Combs
13.4 Direct Optical Frequency Synthesis
Exercises
14. Other Laser-Related Topics
14.1 Frequency Pulling
14.2 Effects of a Strong Driving Field
14.2.1 Dressed State
14.2.2 Mollow Triplet
14.2.3 Autler–Townes Effect
14.2.4 AC Stark Shift, Light Shift and Dipole Trap
14.3 Effects of Vacuum Fluctuations
14.3.1 Spontaneous Emission
14.3.2 Casimir Force
14.4 Multi-level Effects
14.4.1 Optical Pumping
14.4.2 Quantum Jumps and Shelving
14.4.3 Stimulated Raman Adiabatic Passage
14.4.4 Electromagnetically Induced Transparency
Exercises
Bibliography
15. Single-Photon Sources and Novel Lasers
15.1 Single-Photon Sources
15.1.1 Photon Anti-bunching
15.1.2 Entangled Photon Pairs
15.1.3 Triggered Single Photons (Single Photons on Demand)
15.2 Novel Lasers
15.2.1 Whispering-gallery Microlaser
15.2.2 Quantum Cascade Laser
15.2.3 Random Laser
15.2.4 Spaser
15.2.5 Photonic Crystal Lasers and Waveguides
Exercises
Bibliography
16. Non-Hermitian Laser
16.1 Chaotic Lasers
16.1.1 Chaotic Behavior of Lasers due to Strong Optical Feedback
16.1.2 Directional Output due to Ray Chaos in Microcavity Lasers
16.2 PT-Symmetric Lasers
16.2.1 PT-symmetric Microcavity Lasers
16.3 Petermann Factor in Lasers
Exercises
Bibliography
17. Exceptional-Point Lasers
17.1 Exceptional Point in Lasers
17.1.1 Lasing Near an EP
17.2 Petermann Factor Near an Exceptional Point
17.2.1 Laser Linewidth Broadening Near an EP
17.2.2 Sensing Enhancement Near an EP
17.2.3 Enhanced Lasing Power Near an EP
Exercises
Bibliography
Solutions to Selected Problems
Index
