Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning (HVAC)control systems are omnipresent in modern buildings. This book is an introduction to all those involved in the specification, design, manufacture, installation, operation or maintainance of these systems.
The book explains:
*Control theory and how to evaluate, select, position and sequence the appropriate type of control
*The electrical knowledge needed to understand controls and the use of electrical circuit drawings
*The various types of valves and dampers, and their selection, installation and operation
*Terminology and attributes of sensors, the selection of moisture sensors, pressure, flow, and auxiliary devices
*Self-powered and system-powered controls
*Electric controls, control diagrams and control logic
*The components of pneumatic systems and control applications diagrams
*Wiring conventions, application-specific electronic controllers and how to use them in HVAC applications
*The use of written specifications, schedules, and drawings to clearly identify what is to be installed, how it is to be installed, and how it is expected to operate
*Direct Digital Controls (DDC) components, their inputs and outputs, and the programming of DDC routines
*DDC Networks and Protocols
*DDC Specification, Installation and Commissioning After completing this course, you will understand:
*Control theory and how to evaluate, select, position and sequence the appropriate type of control
*The electrical knowledge needed to understand controls and the use of electrical circuit drawings
*The various types of valves and dampers, and their selection, installation and operation
*Terminology and attributes of sensors, the selection of moisture sensors, pressure, flow, and auxiliary devices
*Self-powered and system-powered controls
Electric controls, control diagrams and control logic
*The components of pneumatic systems and control applications diagrams
*Wiring conventions, application-specific electronic controllers and how to use them in HVAC applications
*The use of written specifications, schedules, and drawings to clearly identify what is to be installed, how it is to be installed, and how it is expected to operate
*Direct Digital Controls (DDC) components, their inputs and outputs, and the programming of DDC routines
*DDC Networks and Protocols
*DDC Specification, Installation and Commissioning
Author(s): Robert McDowall
Edition: IP Ed
Publisher: Elsevier Science
Year: 2009
Language: English
Pages: 351
Tags: Промышленное и гражданское строительство;Вентиляция и кондиционирование;
Cover Page......Page 1
Copyright......Page 2
Foreword......Page 3
Study Objectives of Chapter 1......Page 4
Why Do We Need Controls?......Page 5
A Brief History of Controls......Page 6
Control Loops......Page 7
Control Modes......Page 12
Two-position Control......Page 13
Floating Control......Page 17
Modulating Control......Page 18
Pulse-width Modulating, and Time-proportioning Control......Page 23
Gains and Loop Tuning......Page 24
Control Actions and Normal Position......Page 27
Control Range, and Sequencing......Page 30
Controls Documentation, Maintenance, and Operations......Page 31
Bibliography......Page 32
Study Objectives of Chapter 2......Page 33
Simple Circuits and Ohm's Law......Page 34
AC Circuits......Page 38
Transformers and Power Services......Page 42
Relays......Page 45
Motors and Motor Starters......Page 48
Variable Speed Drives......Page 54
Relay Logic and Ladder Diagrams......Page 57
The Next Step......Page 63
Study Objectives of Chapter 3......Page 64
Styles and Principles of Operation......Page 65
Three-way Control Valves......Page 75
Selecting and Sizing Valves......Page 79
Valve Sizing......Page 80
Flow Characteristic Selection......Page 84
Close-off Pressure......Page 88
Styles and Principles of Operation......Page 90
Two-position Duty......Page 94
Capacity Control Duty......Page 95
Mixing Duty......Page 101
Bibliography......Page 107
Study Objectives of Chapter 4......Page 109
Range......Page 110
Transmitter......Page 111
Bimetal......Page 112
Fluid Expansion......Page 114
Electrical Resistance......Page 116
Indoor Air is a Mixture of Dry Air and Water Vapor......Page 121
Relative Humidity......Page 122
Heating......Page 125
Humidification......Page 127
Use of Enthalpy Sensors......Page 130
Relative Humidity Sensors......Page 131
Lithium Chloride Dew-point Sensors......Page 132
Chilled-Mirror Dew-point Sensors......Page 133
Psychrometers......Page 134
Mechanical Pressure Gauges......Page 136
Electrical Pressure Guages......Page 138
Flow Sensors and Meters......Page 139
Differential Pressure Flow Meters......Page 140
Displacement Flow Meters......Page 143
Passive Flow Meters......Page 145
Mass Flow Meters......Page 146
Propeller or Rotating Vane Anemometers......Page 150
[C]Relays......Page 151
Fan and Pump Status Switches......Page 152
Timeclocks......Page 154
High and Low Limit Switches......Page 155
Fire and Smoke Detectors......Page 157
Monitoring......Page 158
Multiplexers......Page 159
Fluid Level Devices......Page 161
Bibliography......Page 162
Principles of Operation - Self-powered Controls......Page 163
Thermopile Controls......Page 164
Self-powered VAV Diffuser......Page 165
System-powered Air Valves......Page 167
System-powered Water System Valves......Page 168
The Next Step......Page 169
Sensors......Page 170
Controllers, Two-position......Page 172
Controllers, Modulating......Page 174
Example Application......Page 177
Actuators......Page 180
Auxiliary Devices......Page 181
Bibliography......Page 182
Study Objectives of Chapter 7......Page 183
Principles of Operation......Page 184
Sensors......Page 186
Controllers......Page 187
Actuators......Page 191
Auxiliary Devices......Page 193
Compressed Air Supply......Page 199
Example Applications......Page 201
Bibliography......Page 207
Principles of Operation......Page 208
Controllers......Page 209
Actuators......Page 214
Example Applications......Page 215
Bibliography......Page 218
Study Objectives of Chapter 9......Page 219
Control Systems Design Criteria......Page 220
Control Diagrams and Symbols......Page 221
Control Sequences......Page 223
Typical Single-Zone System......Page 225
Typical Constant Air Volume System with Face and Bypass Dampers......Page 229
Typical Variable Air Volume System......Page 230
Building Static Pressure Control......Page 234
Cooling Coil Pump......Page 235
Prefilter Differential Pressure Monitor......Page 236
Supply Air Temperature......Page 237
Typical Constant Air Volume System, with Variable Speed Fan for Filter Loading......Page 240
Chiller Plant, Pumps, and Boilers - Monitoring and Control......Page 242
Temperature and Humidity Monitoring and Control......Page 243
Carbon Dioxide Control......Page 244
Exhaust Fan Control......Page 245
Fume Hood Control......Page 246
Ventilation Monitoring and Control......Page 248
DX - Direct Expansion Systems......Page 249
Water Source Heat Pumps......Page 250
Bibliography......Page 252
Introduction, and Input and Output Points......Page 253
I/O Point Characteristics......Page 257
Control Sequences......Page 261
Software Introduction......Page 263
Specific Programming System Features and Parameters......Page 272
Operator Terminal......Page 281
Bibliography......Page 287
Study Objectives of Chapter 11......Page 288
Interoperability......Page 289
System Hardware Architecture......Page 291
Sample Controllers......Page 298
Network Standards......Page 299
Ethernet (IEEE 802.3)......Page 301
Wireless......Page 302
BACnet......Page 304
Devices - Groups of Objects to Manage Activity......Page 306
Objects - To Represent Information......Page 307
Services - Making and Responding to Requests......Page 308
Network - Transporting Request and Responses......Page 309
LonWorks......Page 311
Bibliography......Page 313
Study Objectives of Chapter 12......Page 314
Benefits and Challenges of DDC......Page 315
Design......Page 319
Bidding and Interoperability......Page 326
Monitoring......Page 328
Network Wiring......Page 333
Power Wiring......Page 336
Commissioning and Warranty......Page 337
Resources......Page 339
Bibliography......Page 341
A......Page 342
C......Page 343
D......Page 344
G......Page 345
M......Page 346
P......Page 347
S......Page 348
V......Page 350
X......Page 351
