This textbook integrates the classic fields of mechanics--statics, dynamics, and strength of materials--using examples from biology and medicine. The book is excellent for teaching either undergraduates in biomedical engineering programs or health care professionals studying biomechanics at the graduate level. Extensively revised from a successful third edition, Fundamentals of Biomechanics features a wealth of clear illustrations, numerous worked examples, and many problem sets. The book provides the quantitative perspective missing from more descriptive texts, without requiring an advanced background in mathematics. It will be welcomed for use in courses such as biomechanics and orthopedics, rehabilitation and industrial engineering, and occupational or sports medicine.
This book:
Introduces the fundamental concepts, principles, and methods that must be understood to begin the study of biomechanics
Reinforces basic principles of biomechanics with repetitive exercises in class and homework assignments given throughout the textbook
Includes over 100 new problem sets with solutions and illustrations
Author(s): Nihat Özkaya; Dawn L. Leger; David Goldsheyder; Margareta Nordin
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2016
Language: English
Pages: 360
Foreword
Preface
Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1 Mechanics
1.2 Biomechanics
1.3 Basic Concepts
1.4 Newton´s Laws
1.5 Dimensional Analysis
1.6 Systems of Units
1.7 Conversion of Units
1.8 Mathematics
1.9 Scalars and Vectors
1.10 Modeling and Approximations
1.11 Generalized Procedure
1.12 Scope of the Text
1.13 Notation
References, Suggested Reading, and Other Resources
I. Suggested Reading
II. Advanced Topics in Biomechanics and Bioengineering
III. Books About Physics and Engineering Mechanics
IV. Books About Deformable Body Mechanics, Mechanics of Materials, and Resistance of Materials
V. Biomechanics Societies
VI. Biomechanics Journals
VII. Biomechanics-Related Graduate Programs in the United States
Chapter 2: Force Vector
2.1 Definition of Force
2.2 Properties of Force as a Vector Quantity
2.3 Dimension and Units of Force
2.4 Force Systems
2.5 External and Internal Forces
2.6 Normal and Tangential Forces
2.7 Tensile and Compressive Force
2.8 Coplanar Forces
2.9 Collinear Forces
2.10 Concurrent Forces
2.11 Parallel Force
2.12 Gravitational Force or Weight
2.13 Distributed Force Systems and Pressure
2.14 Frictional Forces
2.15 Exercise Problems
Chapter 3: Moment and Torque Vectors
3.1 Definitions of Moment and Torque Vectors
3.2 Magnitude of Moment
3.3 Direction of Moment
3.4 Dimension and Units of Moment
3.5 Some Fine Points About the Moment Vector
3.6 The Net or Resultant Moment
3.7 The Couple and Couple-Moment
3.8 Translation of Forces
3.9 Moment as a Vector Product
3.10 Exercise Problems
Chapter 4: Statics: Systems in Equilibrium
4.1 Overview
4.2 Newton´s Laws of Mechanics
4.3 Conditions for Equilibrium
4.4 Free-Body Diagrams
4.5 Procedure to Analyze Systems in Equilibrium
4.6 Notes Concerning the Equilibrium Equations
4.7 Constraints and Reactions
4.8 Simply Supported Structures
4.9 Cable-Pulley Systems and Traction Devices
4.10 Built-In Structures
4.11 Systems Involving Friction
4.12 Center of Gravity Determination
4.13 Exercise Problems
Chapter 5: Applications of Statics to Biomechanics
5.1 Skeletal Joints
5.2 Skeletal Muscles
5.3 Basic Considerations
5.4 Basic Assumptions and Limitations
5.5 Mechanics of the Elbow
5.6 Mechanics of the Shoulder
5.7 Mechanics of the Spinal Column
5.8 Mechanics of the Hip
5.9 Mechanics of the Knee
5.10 Mechanics of the Ankle
5.11 Exercise Problems
References
Chapter 6: Introduction to Dynamics
6.1 Dynamics
6.2 Kinematics and Kinetics
6.3 Linear, Angular, and General Motions
6.4 Distance and Displacement
6.5 Speed and Velocity
6.6 Acceleration
6.7 Inertia and Momentum
6.8 Degree of Freedom
6.9 Particle Concept
6.10 Reference Frames and Coordinate Systems
6.11 Prerequisites for Dynamic Analysis
6.12 Topics to Be Covered
Chapter 7: Linear Kinematics
7.1 Uniaxial Motion
7.2 Position, Displacement, Velocity, and Acceleration
7.3 Dimensions and Units
7.4 Measured and Derived Quantities
7.5 Uniaxial Motion with Constant Acceleration
7.6 Examples of Uniaxial Motion
7.7 Biaxial Motion
7.8 Position, Velocity, and Acceleration Vectors
7.9 Biaxial Motion with Constant Acceleration
7.10 Projectile Motion
7.11 Applications to Athletics
7.12 Exercise Problems
Chapter 8: Linear Kinetics
8.1 Overview
8.2 Equations of Motion
8.3 Special Cases of Translational Motion
8.3.1 Force Is Constant
8.3.2 Force Is a Function of Time
8.3.3 Force Is a Function of Displacement
8.4 Procedure for Problem Solving in Kinetics
8.5 Work and Energy Methods
8.6 Mechanical Work
8.6.1 Work Done by a Constant Force
8.6.2 Work Done by a Varying Force
8.6.3 Work as a Scalar Product
8.7 Mechanical Energy
8.7.1 Potential Energy
8.7.2 Kinetic Energy
8.8 Work-Energy Theorem
8.9 Conservation of Energy Principle
8.10 Dimension and Units of Work and Energy
8.11 Power
8.12 Applications of Energy Methods
8.13 Exercise Problems
Chapter 9: Angular Kinematics
9.1 Polar Coordinates
9.2 Angular Position and Displacement
9.3 Angular Velocity
9.4 Angular Acceleration
9.5 Dimensions and Units
9.6 Definitions of Basic Concepts
9.7 Rotational Motion About a Fixed Axis
9.8 Relationships Between Linear and Angular Quantities
9.9 Uniform Circular Motion
9.10 Rotational Motion with Constant Acceleration
9.11 Relative Motion
9.12 Linkage Systems
9.13 Exercise Problems
Chapter 10: Angular Kinetics
10.1 Kinetics of Angular Motion
10.2 Torque and Angular Acceleration
10.3 Mass Moment of Inertia
10.4 Parallel-Axis Theorem
10.5 Radius of Gyration
10.6 Segmental Motion Analysis
10.7 Rotational Kinetic Energy
10.8 Angular Work and Power
10.9 Exercise Problems
Chapter 11: Impulse and Momentum
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Linear Momentum and Impulse
11.3 Applications of the Impulse-Momentum Method
11.4 Conservation of Linear Momentum
11.5 Impact and Collisions
11.6 One-Dimensional Collisions
11.6.1 Perfectly Inelastic Collision
11.6.2 Perfectly Elastic Collision
11.6.3 Elastoplastic Collision
11.7 Two-Dimensional Collisions
11.8 Angular Impulse and Momentum
11.9 Summary of Basic Equations
11.10 Kinetics of Rigid Bodies in Plane Motion
11.11 Exercise Problems
Chapter 12: Introduction to Deformable Body Mechanics
12.1 Overview
12.2 Applied Forces and Deformations
12.3 Internal Forces and Moments
12.4 Stress and Strain
12.5 General Procedure
12.6 Mathematics Involved
12.7 Topics to Be Covered
Suggested Reading
Chapter 13: Stress and Strain
13.1 Basic Loading Configurations
13.2 Uniaxial Tension Test
13.3 Load-Elongation Diagrams
13.4 Simple Stress
13.5 Simple Strain
13.6 Stress-Strain Diagrams
13.7 Elastic Deformations
13.8 Hooke´s Law
13.9 Plastic Deformations
13.10 Necking
13.11 Work and Strain Energy
13.12 Strain Hardening
13.13 Hysteresis Loop
13.14 Properties Based on Stress-Strain Diagrams
13.15 Idealized Models of Material Behavior
13.16 Mechanical Properties of Materials
13.17 Example Problems
13.18 Exercise Problems
Chapter 14: Multiaxial Deformations and Stress Analyses
14.1 Poisson´s Ratio
14.2 Biaxial and Triaxial Stresses
14.3 Stress Transformation
14.4 Principal Stresses
14.5 Mohr´s Circle
14.6 Failure Theories
14.7 Allowable Stress and Factor of Safety
14.8 Factors Affecting the Strength of Materials
14.9 Fatigue and Endurance
14.10 Stress Concentration
14.11 Torsion
14.12 Bending
14.13 Combined Loading
14.14 Exercise Problems
Chapter 15: Mechanical Properties of Biological Tissues
15.1 Viscoelasticity
15.2 Analogies Based on Springs and Dashpots
15.3 Empirical Models of Viscoelasticity
15.3.1 Kelvin-Voight Model
15.3.2 Maxwell Model
15.3.3 Standard Solid Model
15.4 Time-Dependent Material Response
15.5 Comparison of Elasticity and Viscoelasticity
15.6 Common Characteristics of Biological Tissues
15.7 Biomechanics of Bone
15.7.1 Composition of Bone
15.7.2 Mechanical Properties of Bone
15.7.3 Structural Integrity of Bone
15.7.4 Bone Fractures
15.8 Tendons and Ligaments
15.9 Skeletal Muscles
15.10 Articular Cartilage
15.11 Discussion
15.12 Exercise Problems
Errata to: Fundamentals of Biomechanics: Equilibrium, Motion, and Deformation
Appendix A: Plane Geometry
A.1 Angles
A.2 Triangles
A.3 Law of Sines
A.4 Law of Cosine
A.5 The Right Triangle
A.6 Pythagorean Theorem
A.7 Sine, Cosine, and Tangent
A.8 Inverse Sine, Cosine, and Tangent
A.9 Exercise Problems
Appendix B: Vector Algebra
B.1 Definitions
B.2 Notation
B.3 Multiplication of a Vector by a Scalar
B.4 Negative Vector
B.5 Addition of Vectors: Graphical Methods
B.6 Subtraction of Vectors
B.7 Addition of More Than Two Vectors
B.8 Projection of Vectors
B.9 Resolution of Vectors
B.10 Unit Vectors
B.11 Rectangular Coordinates
B.12 Addition of Vectors: Trigonometric Method
B.13 Three-Dimensional Components of Vectors
B.14 Dot (Scalar) Product of Vectors
B.15 Cross (Vector) Product of Vectors
B.16 Exercise Problems
Appendix C: Calculus
C.1 Functions
C.1.1 Constant Functions
C.1.2 Power Functions
C.1.3 Linear Functions
C.1.4 Quadratic Functions
C.1.5 Polynomial Functions
C.1.6 Trigonometric Functions
C.1.7 Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
C.2 The Derivative
C.2.1 Derivatives of Basic Functions
C.2.2 The Constant Multiple Rule
C.2.3 The Sum Rule
C.2.4 The Product Rule
C.2.5 The Quotient Rule
C.2.6 The Chain Rule
C.2.7 Implicit Differentiation
C.2.8 Higher Derivatives
C.3 The Integral
C.3.1 Properties of Indefinite Integrals
C.3.2 Properties of Definite Integrals
C.3.3 Methods of Integration
C.4 Trigonometric Identities
C.5 The Quadratic Formula
C.6 Exercise Problems
Index
