Frontiers in Clinical Drug Research-Diabetes and Obesity

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Contents
Preface
List of Contributors
Clinical and Diagnostic Implications of Glycated Albumin in Diabetes Mellitus: An Update
Km Neelofar 2,*, Jamshed Haneef 1 and Farah Khan 2
INTRODUCTION
Non-enzymatic Glycation
Non-enzymatic Glycation in Diabetes
Human Serum Albumin
Albumin Structure Upon Glycation
Biological Properties of Albumin Upon Glycation
Immunological Properties of Albumin Upon Glycation
Glycated Albumin as a Diagnosis Marker
Glycated Albumin Measurements
CONCLUDING REMARKS
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCE
Current Strategies of New Drugs for Diabetes Management
Maliha Sarfraz1,*, Rahman M. Hafizur2, Hayat Ullah3,*, Sanaullah Sajid4, Rana Waseem Akhtar5, Mamoona Noreen1, Shazia Perveen1 and Misbah Ullah Khan6
INTRODUCTION
CURRENT TREATMENTS FOR TYPE-2 DIABETES MELLITUS
Thiazolidinediones
Biguanide
Sulfonylureas
Meglitinides
SGLT2 Inhibitors
Insulin
Incretin Mimetics
COMPLEMENTARY TREATMENTS FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF T2D
NATURAL PRODUCTS WITH ANTI-DIABETIC PROPERTIES
CURRENT AND FUTURE THERAPIES FOR TYPE 1 DIABETES
STEM CELL THERAPEUTIC APPROACH
NANOTECHNOLOGY AND DIABETES
EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES FOR DIABETES TREATMENT
CONCLUSION
FUTURE PERSPECTIVES
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCES
Diabetes Type II: Should Aspartame be a Concern?
Arbind Kumar Choudhary1
BACKGROUND
Aspartame and Weight Management
Aspartame and Glucose Intolerance
Aspartame and Insulin Resistance
CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCES
Mental Health, Adherence, and Self-Management Among Children with Diabetes
Beáta Erika Nagy1, Brigitta Munkácsi1 and Karolina Eszter Kovács2,*
INTRODUCTION
MENTAL HEALTH AND T1DM
Quality Of Health And Diabetes
Self-Rated Health In Diabetes
Illness Representations
FACTORS INFLUENCING ADHERENCE
Adherence In Adolescence
Factors Influencing Diabetes-Specific Adherence
The Characteristics Of The Illness And The Related Factors
Intrapersonal Factors
Interpersonal Factors
Environmental Factors
THE PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: THE CONNECTION BETWEEN MENTAL HEALTH, ADHERENCE AND DIABETES
Sample Characteristics
Experimental Group: Children Diagnosed With Type-1 Diabetes
Control Group
Applied Tools
Demographic Questions
The Creation of the Diabetes-Specific Adherence Questionnaire
The Factor Analysis Of The Questionnaire
Children Depression Inventory (CDI) [133]
World Health Organization Well-Being Index (WBI-5) [134]
Self-rated Health (SRH) [135]
Psychological Mood and Somatic Symptoms [136]
Satisfaction with Life, SWL-present (SWL-p) SWL-future (SWL-f), Cantril-ladder [137]; Life Evalution Index [138]
Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory, PedsQL Measurement Model [139, 140]
Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) [141]
Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) [142]
Research Questions and Hypotheses
RESULTS
The General Description of Adherence
The Relationship Between Adherence and the Indexes of Mental Health
Psychological Factors Influencing Adherence
SUMMARY
Sociodemographic Factors Influencing Adherence
Psychological Factors Influencing Adherence
CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCES
Recent Trials on the Cardioprotective Effects of New Generation Anti-diabetic and Lipid-Lowering Agents
Omar M. Abdelfattah1,2, Ahmed Sayed3, Anas Al-Refaei3, Jasmin Abdeldayem4, Khaled Moustafa5, Nicholas Elias1 and Yehia Saleh6,*
INTRODUCTION
SODIUM/GLUCOSE COTRANSPORTER-2 INHIBITORS (SGLT2I)
History, Mechanisms, and Pleiotropic Effects of SGLT2i
Pivotal Clinical Trials Involving SLGT2i
Dual SGLT1/2 Inhibitors: The Next Step in the Evolution of SGLT2i?
INCRETINS
History of Incretins and their Mechanisms of Action
Safety and Efficacy of DDP-4i
Trials Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of GLP-1ras
Summary and Synthesis of the Literature on Incretins
INSULIN
A Historical Overview of the Discovery of Insulin
The Role of Glycemic Control In Outcome-optimization and a Discussion of Trials on Recent Insulin Formulations
ALPHA-GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITORS
THIAZOLIDINEDIONES
Comparison of the Different Novel Modalities and Critical Gaps in the Literature
LIPID-LOWERING THERAPIES STATINS
Historical Context and Foundational Trials (Pre-2010)
Contemporary Analyses and Trials (2010 and Onwards)
PCSK9 INHIBITORS
Rationale and Initial Discoveries
Trials Demonstrating LDL-Lowering Efficacy
Evidence of Clinical Efficacy and Reduction of Hard Outcomes
OMEGA-3 FATTY ACIDS
CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCES
Diabesity and the Kidney
Mohamed E. Elrggal1, Ahmed Elkeraie1,2, Sol Carriazo3, Hany Sawaf4, Si Yuan Khor5, Yasmine Elkeraie1, Issa Haddad5, Khaled Moustafa2 and Mohamed Hassanein6,*
INTRODUCTION
Epidemiology and Genetic Aspects Shared in Diabesity and Kidney Diseases
Pathophysiologic Mechanisms Cross-linking Diabesity and Kidney Diseases
Obesity
Diabetes
Diabesity
Non-Pharmacological Management
A. Exercise
B. Dietary Therapy
C. Behavioral Modifications
Pharmacological Treatment for the Management of Diabesity and Related Kidney Disease
ANTI-DIABETIC MEDICATIONS
GLP-1 Receptor Agonists
Liraglutide
Dulaglutide
Semaglutide
SGLT2 Inhibitors
Metformin
ANTI-OBESITY MEDICATIONS
Orlistat
Phentermine/topiramate
Naltrexone/bupropion
Surgical Options to Control Diabesity and Kidney Disease
Future Pipeline Treatment
Tirzepatide
Cotadutide
Amylin Analogs
Leucine/Metformin/Sildenafil Combination
CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCES
Subject Index
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