Food Safety, Plastics and Sustainability: Materials, Chemicals, Recycling and the Circular Economy

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FOOD SAFETY, PLASTICS AND SUSTAINABILITY

A unique book by a well-known polymer scientist on a subject that is trending in plastics engineering.

This book focuses on plastics for food safety, materials, chemicals and methods, as well as the applications of these polymers. The book begins with a chapter on food safety. Here, food security and the issues of migration of substances from packaging into the corresponding food, as well as the impact of microplastics on humans and the environment are discussed. In the next chapter, regulations, standards, and specifications are detailed. In another chapter, testing methods, such as risk assessment, freshness testing of food, and food colorants are discussed. In the chapter entitled “Food Packaging”, the methods that can be used for these issues are given as well as the special materials for food packaging. The chapter on materials includes a discussion on nanocomposites, biopolymers, microplastics, and edible films. This is followed by chapters on additives and applications, such as functional food applications. The final chapter covers the identification of the materials, the methods for recycling, plastic waste generation, and post-consumer polyolefins. Three separate indexes ensure a reader/user-friendly experience.

Author(s): Johannes Karl Fink
Publisher: Wiley-Scrivener
Year: 2023

Language: English
Pages: 422
City: Beverly

Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Preface
Chapter 1 Food Safety
1.1 Food Security
1.2 Migration of Substances from Packaging
1.2.1 Modeling of Migration
1.2.2 Sample Pretreatment Methods
1.2.3 Special Chemicals
1.2.4 Safety of Recycled HDPE and PP
1.3 Food Safety and Hygiene
1.3.1 Sensors for Amine Detection
1.4 Impact of Microplastics on Humans and the Environment
1.4.1 Polychlorinated Biphenyl Compounds
1.4.2 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Compounds
1.4.3 Organochlorine Pesticides
1.4.4 Carcinogens
1.5 Methods of Food Packaging
1.6 Recycling Safety
References
Chapter 2 Regulations
2.1 European Strategy for Plastics
2.2 Basic Principles of Packaging
2.3 Colorants and Optical Brighteners
2.4 Non-intentionally Added Substances in Food Contact Material
2.4.1 Analysis Methods
2.5 Recycling
2.5.1 Recycled Plastics in Food Packaging
2.5.2 Planning and Decision-Making Process
2.5.3 Mechanical Recycled Plastics
2.6 Standards
2.6.1 Gloves
2.6.2 Specifications for Compostable Plastics
2.6.3 Containers for Packaging of Liquid Foodstuffs
2.6.4 Williams-Landel-Ferry Equation
References
Chapter 3 Testing Methods
3.1 Risk Assessment
3.2 Antimicrobial Packaging
3.3 Food Colorants
3.3.1 Milk Freshness Testing
3.3.2 Meat Freshness Testing
3.3.3 Fish Freshness Testing
3.4 Standards
3.4.1 Odor and Taste Transfer from Packaging Film
3.4.2 Annealed Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Foil for Food Contact
3.4.3 Detection of Leaks in Packages
3.4.4 Changes in Sensory Attributes
3.4.5 Irradiated Food Contact Materials
3.4.6 Oxygen Headspace Analysis
References
Chapter 4 Food Packaging
4.1 Automated Method
4.2 Multilayer Packaging
4.3 Flexible Packaging
4.4 Multicomponent Package
4.4.1 Barrier Films
4.5 Chlorine Dioxide Gas-Releasing Package
4.6 Sustainable Food Packaging
4.7 Ventable Food Packages
4.7.1 Ventable Microwave-Safe Food Package
4.7.2 Self-Venting Microwave-Safe Food Package
4.7.3 Smart and Active Food Packaging
4.8 Packages for Pourable Food
4.9 Food Storage
4.9.1 Trays
4.9.2 Storage Container
4.9.3 Storage System
4.10 Special Materials for Food Packaging
4.10.1 Film-Forming Biodegradable Classes
4.10.2 Cytotoxicity
4.10.3 Microwavable Food Packaging Materials
4.10.4 Film-Forming Materials
4.10.5 Antimicrobial Biodegradable Food Packaging
4.10.6 Multilayer Films for Food Packaging
4.10.7 Bilayer Film with Dihydromyricetin
References
Chapter 5 Materials
5.1 Nanocomposites
5.1.1 PVC/Ag Nanocomposites
5.1.2 Montmorillonite Clays
5.1.3 Graphene Nanoplates
5.1.4 Carbon Nanotubes
5.1.5 Micro- and Nanoplastics
5.2 Biopolymers
5.2.1 Proteins
5.2.2 Gelatin
5.2.3 Storage Polymers in Bacterial Cells
5.2.4 Bio-Based Nanocomposites
5.2.5 Starch
5.2.6 Dry Heating Treatment
5.2.7 Thermoplastic Starch
5.2.8 Modified Starch
5.2.9 Starch-Based Foams
5.2.10 Residual Starch from Potato
5.2.11 Cellulose
5.2.12 Biodegradable Polymer Reinforced with Cellulose Nanocrystals
5.2.13 Cellulose Nanofibrils
5.2.14 Chia Seeds
5.2.15 Poly(lactic acid)
5.2.16 Poly(hydroxyalkanoate)s
5.2.17 Poly(hydroxybutyrate)
5.2.18 Poly(caprolactone)
5.3 Microplastics
5.3.1 Microplastics in the Environment
5.3.2 Microplastics in Food
5.3.3 Microplastics in Agroecosystems
5.3.4 Release of Microplastics
5.4 Single-Use Materials
5.5 Edible Films
5.5.1 Poly(saccharide)s
5.5.2 Cellulose
References
Chapter 6 Additives
6.1 Chemical Additives
6.1.1 Hazardous Metal Additives
6.2 Mathematical Models
6.3 Evaluation of Models
6.4 Plastic Additives by Swelling
6.5 Fatty Acid Amide
6.5.1 Plasticizers
6.5.2 Antioxidants
6.5.3 Monomers and Oligomers
6.5.4 Light Stabilizers
6.5.5 Slip Additives
6.6 Perfluorinated Compounds
6.7 Toxic Materials in Plastics
6.8 Aflatoxins
6.8.1 Sorbents for Aflatoxin
6.9 Migration of Additives from Plastics into Food
6.10 Marine Environments
6.11 Surfactants
6.12 Salting-Out Agents
6.12.1 Determination of Food Stimulants
6.12.2 Determination of Biogenic Amines
6.12.3 Liquid-Liquid Microextraction
6.12.4 Determination of Aromatic Amines
References
Chapter 7 Applications
7.1 Glaze-Like Coatings
7.2 Functional Food Applications
7.2.1 Fructan
7.2.2 Zogale
7.2.3 Garcinia indica
7.2.4 Mulberry Plants
7.2.5 Citrus Seeds
7.2.6 Vine Tea
7.2.7 Anti-Stress Drugs
7.2.8 Microalgae
7.2.9 Phenolics
7.2.10 Liposomes
7.2.11 Diacylglycerol Functional Oil
7.3 Prevention of Oxidation
7.3.1 Photo-oxidation
7.3.2 Lipid Oxidation
7.3.3 Natural Antioxidants
7.3.4 Extraction Methods for Natural Antioxidants
7.4 Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines in Prepared Food
7.5 Radiation-Curable Compositions
7.6 Antimycotics
References
Chapter 8 Recycling
8.1 Identification of the Materials
8.1.1 Spectroscopic Methods
8.1.2 Real Time Mass Spectrometry
8.1.3 Optical Identification
8.1.4 Chemical Safety Aspects
8.1.5 Migration of Contaminants
8.1.6 Migration of Plasticizers
8.1.7 Migration of Aluminum and Silicon
8.2 Recycling Methods
8.2.1 Delamination
8.2.2 Separation
8.2.3 Mechanical Recycling
8.2.4 Selective Dissolution
8.2.5 Dissolution-Reprecipitation Technique
8.2.6 Compatibilization
8.2.7 Feedstock Recycling
8.2.8 Closed-Loop Recycling
8.2.9 Supercritical Ethanol
8.3 Post-Consumer Polyolefins
8.3.1 Predictive Models
8.3.2 Safety Concerns
8.3.3 Multilayer Composites
8.3.4 Recyclability Enhancement of Food Containers
8.4 Plastic Waste Generation
8.5 Recycled Plastics in Food Contact
8.5.1 Improving Safety and Quality
References
Index
Acronyms
Chemicals
General Index
EULA