Flood Handbook: Impacts and Management

Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Table of Contents
Editors
Contributors
Part I Floods and Sustainability
Chapter 1 Hydrological Resilience of Large Lakes Management
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Hydrological Resilience Framework
1.2.1 Normal Performance
1.2.2 Reaching to the Critical Performance
1.2.3 Quantifying the Resilience, a Probabilistic Approach
1.2.4 Summary: Comprehensive Framework, a Suggestion
1.3 Resilience and Climate Change
1.4 Case Study
1.4.1 Background
1.4.2 Model Construction
1.4.3 Rainfall Depths and Losses
1.4.4 Results
1.4.4.1 Flood Hydrology
1.4.4.2 Lake’s Resiliency against Different Flood Events
1.5 Summary and Conclusions
Glossary and Acronyms
References
Chapter 2 Sustainability in Flood Management
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Flood Control and Its Management in the World
2.2.1 Causes and Consequences of Floods
2.2.2 Flood Control
2.2.3 Flood Protection in Europe, North America, and Asia
2.2.4 Measures Adopted for Post-Flood Cleaning Safety
2.2.5 Benefits from Floods
2.2.6 Confronting Floods in the Future
2.3 Netherlands Experiences in Flood Prevention and Control
2.4 The Netherlands and Global Warming
2.5 Sustainability in Flood Management
2.6 Summary and Conclusions
References
Chapter 3 Best Management Practices as an Alternative Approach for Urban Flood Control
3.1 Introduction
3.2 BMP Need and Function: Addressing Hydrological Alterations from Land Development
3.2.1 Forest Hydrologic Setting
3.2.2 Urban Hydrologic Setting
3.2.3 Role of Stormwater BMPs
3.3 Classification of BMPs
3.4 BMP Treatment Objectives, Goals, Capabilities, and Economics
3.4.1 BMP Treatment Objectives and Performance Goals
3.4.2 BMP Treatment Capabilities and Economics
3.4.2.1 Runoff Reduction
3.4.2.2 Peak Rate Control
3.4.2.3 Pollutant Removal
3.4.3 Treatment Trains
3.4.4 Stormwater BMP Economics
3.5 Structural BMPs
3.5.1 Runoff Capture at Source
3.5.1.1 Permeable Pavements
3.5.1.2 Green Roofs or Ecoroofs
3.5.1.3 Rain Barrels and Cisterns
3.5.1.4 Dry Wells
3.5.1.5 Planter Boxes
3.5.2 Detention and Retention of Peak Flow
3.5.2.1 Dry Detention Basins or Ponds
3.5.2.2 Extended Detention Basins or Ponds
3.5.2.3 Retention Basins or Wet Ponds
3.5.2.4 Grassed Swales
3.5.3 Runoff Infiltration and Groundwater Recharge
3.5.3.1 Infiltration Basins
3.5.3.2 Infiltration Trenches/Ditches
3.5.3.3 Bioretention Areas or Rain Gardens
3.6 Non-Structural BMPs
3.7 Urban Water Management Approaches
3.7.1 BMPs vs. SCMs
3.7.2 Low Impact Development (LID)
3.7.3 Sustainable Drainage Systems (SuDS)
3.7.4 Alternative Techniques (ATs) or Compensatory Techniques (CTs)
3.7.5 Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD)
3.7.6 Green Infrastructure (GI)
3.7.7 Discussion
3.8 Case Examples
3.8.1 Huntington, West Virginia, USA
3.8.2 Copenhagen, Denmark
3.9 Summary and Conclusions
References
Part II Flood Impact Analysis
Chapter 4 Flood Management: Status, Causes, and Land-Use Impact in Brahmaputra Basin, Northeastern Region of India
4.1 Introduction
4.1.1 Background
4.2 Site of Study and Methodology
4.3 Results and Discussion
4.3.1 Area and Extent of Floods
4.3.2 Causes of Floods
4.3.2.1 Natural Factors
4.3.2.2 Anthropogenic Factors
4.3.2.3 Urbanization
4.3.3 The Hydrological Risks
4.3.4 Impact of Land Use Systems
4.3.5 Sediment Load in Flood Water
4.3.6 Flood Management
4.4 Summary and Conclusions
References
Chapter 5 Impact of Urbanization on Flooding
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Urban Hydrology
5.2.1 Hydrologic Effects of Urbanization
5.2.2 Approaches to Urban Hydrology
5.2.2.1 Empirical Methods
5.2.2.2 Physical-Process Methods
5.2.3 Flooding Reduction with BMPs
5.3 Floodplain Hydraulics
5.3.1 Hydraulic Effects of Urbanization
5.3.2 Floodplain Management
5.3.3 Floodplain Hydraulic Analysis
5.4 Summary and Conclusions
References
Chapter 6 Impact of Infiltration on Flood Volume and Peak
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Infiltration Rate
6.3 Estimating the Infiltration Rate
6.3.1 SCS Curve Number Infiltration Method
6.3.2 Green and Ampt Infiltration Method
6.3.3 The Hydrological Model FEST
6.3.4 The Best Model for Estimating Infiltration Rate
6.3.5 Sensitivity Index
6.4 Relationship between Peak Flow and Hydrograph Volume
6.5 Promote Infiltration to Protect Groundwater Recharge and Reduce Flood Volume and Peak
6.5.1 Define “Predevelopment Condition” as “Woodland, Pasture, or Meadow Condition” to Increase Infiltration and Reduce Flood Volume and Peak
6.5.2 Hydrologic Effects of Urban Development on Flood Discharge and Frequency
6.6 Summary and Conclusions
References
Chapter 7 Form Resistance Prediction in Gravel-Bed Rivers
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Bedforms in Gravel-Bed Rivers
7.2.1 Cluster
7.2.2 Riffle-Pool Sequence
7.2.3 Step-Pool Sequence
7.2.4 Rapids and Cascades
7.3 Predicting the Form Friction Factor
7.3.1 Method
7.4 Field Study
7.5 Results and Discussion
7.5.1 Friction Factor
7.5.2 Velocity Distribution
7.6 Summary and Conclusions
References
Chapter 8 Catchment Morphometric Characteristics’ Impact on Floods Management: The Role of Geospatial Technology
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Flooding
8.2.1 Types of Flood
8.2.1.1 Flash Flood
8.2.1.2 Fluvial (Riverine) Floods
8.2.1.3 Single Event Floods
8.2.1.4 Multiple Event Floods
8.2.1.5 Seasonal Floods
8.2.1.6 Coastal Floods
8.2.1.7 Estuarine Floods
8.2.1.8 Urban Floods
8.2.1.9 Snowmelt Floods
8.2.1.10 Ice and Debris-Jam Floods
8.2.2 Causes of Flooding
8.2.3 Consequences of Flood
8.2.3.1 Social Impacts
8.2.3.2 Health Impact
8.2.3.3 Environmental Consequences
8.2.4 Economic Loss in Different Countries
8.2.5 Factors Affecting Flood Frequency
8.2.5.1 Physical Factors
8.2.5.2 Anthropogenic Factors (Human Factors)
8.2.6 Basin Hydrological Process
8.2.7 Role of Morphometry
8.2.8 Role of Geospatial Technology in Flood Management
8.2.9 Digital Elevation Models in Flood Management
8.2.10 Role of Microwave Remote Sensing
8.3 Case Studies
8.3.1 Ganga River Basin
8.3.2 In Eastern Himalayan Region
8.3.3 Krishna River Basin
8.4 Summary and Conclusions
Bibliography
Part III Flood Risk Management
Chapter 9 Floods: From Risk to Opportunity
9.1 Introduction
9.2 The Elements of Flood Risk
9.3 The Language of Flood Risk Management
9.4 The Condensed Form of Flood Risk Management
9.5 Opportunities
9.6 Case Study: Napa River Floods, California
9.6.1 The “Living River” Design
9.6.2 A Project Ahead of Its Time
9.7 Summary and Conclusions
References
Chapter 10 Flood Risk Management in Romania
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Issue of Risks and Floods
10.3 Legislative Regulations
10.4 Flood Protection Measures
10.5 Projects for Implementing Concepts and Technologies in Flood Management Activity
10.5.1 WATMAN
10.5.2 DESWAT Project
10.5.3 RO-RISK
10.5.4 VULMIN
10.6 Development of the Flood Hazard Maps
10.7 Discussions
10.8 Summary and Conclusions
References
Chapter 11 Importance of Risk Mapping in the Processes of Spatial Planning in Spain
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Changes in the Management of Natural Risks: The Growing Importance of Natural Risk Mapping – Some International Experiences
11.3 Flood Risk Maps and Spatial Planning Processes in Spain
11.4 Some Examples of Deficient Incorporation of Flood Risk Maps in Planning Processes in Spain
11.5 Summary and Conclusions
References
Chapter 12 Reducing Flood Risk in Spain: The Role of Spatial Planning
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Materials and Methods
12.2.1 From Structural Measures to Spatial Planning in Flood Risk Management in Spain
12.2.2 Mixed Results of Spatial Planning as a Flood Reduction Measure
12.3 Summary and Conclusions
References
Chapter 13 Integration of Flood Losses in Risk Analysis
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Current Knowledge
13.2.1 Flood Risk Analysis Framework
13.2.2 Intangible Losses Due to Coastal Floods: Evaluation Methods
13.2.2.1 Loss of Life
13.2.2.2 Health Impacts
13.2.2.3 Cultural Losses
13.2.2.4 Environmental Losses
13.2.3 Integration of Tangible and Intangible Losses in Flood Risk Analysis
13.2.3.1 Problem Definition, Identification of Evaluation Criteria, and Comparative Analysis of Alternatives
13.2.3.2 Criteria Evaluation/Decision Matrices
13.2.3.3 Criterion Weights
13.2.3.4 Decision Rules
13.2.3.5 Ranking of Alternatives
13.3 Development of Methods for the Evaluation of Intangible Losses
13.3.1 Loss of Life and Physical Injuries
13.3.2 Mental Health Impacts
13.3.2.1 Flood Loss Factor (FLF)
13.3.2.2 Direct Exposure Factor (DEF)
13.3.2.3 Mental Health Impact Assessment
13.3.3 Cultural Losses
13.3.3.1 Proposed Method for the Evaluation of Cultural Losses
13.3.3.2 Assessment of Physical Damages to Cultural Assets
13.3.3.3 Assessment of the Cultural Values of Cultural Assets
13.3.3.4 Assessment of Cultural Losses
13.3.4 Environmental Losses
13.3.4.1 Proposed Method for the Evaluation of Environmental Losses
13.3.4.2 Identification of Ecosystem Services of Beach/Dune Ecosystems
13.3.4.3 Estimation of Damages to Beach/Dune Ecosystems
13.3.4.4 Ecosystem Services Damage Assessment (ESDA) Table for Beach/Dune Ecosystems
13.3.4.5 Estimation of Level of Environmental Loss
13.4 Method for the Aggregation of Tangible and Intangible Losses
13.4.1 Problem Definition and Goal Setting
13.4.2 Determination of Evaluation Criteria
13.4.3 Definition of Alternatives
13.4.4 Performance Evaluation of Each Alternative Using Evaluation Criteria
13.4.5 Determination of Criterion Weights
13.4.6 Decision Rules
13.4.6.1 Loss of life: Value Function VLL(x)
13.4.6.2 Health Impacts: Value Function for Physical Injuries and Mental Health VPI(x) and VMH(x)
13.4.6.3 Cultural Losses: Value Function VCL(x)
13.4.6.4 Environmental Losses: Value Function VEnL(x)
13.4.6.5 Economic Losses: Value Function VEL(x)
13.4.7 Aggregation of Criteria and Ranking/Scoring of Alternatives
13.5 Case Study of Flood Risk Analysis in Hamburg-Wilhelmsburg
13.6 Summary and Conclusions
References
Chapter 14 River Rehabilitation for Flood Protection
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Changes in Politics – Mitigation of Conflicts
14.2.1 The Example of the Rhine Basin
14.3 Morphological Transformations of Rivers
14.3.1 Primary Transformations
14.3.1.1 Transverse Structure
14.3.1.2 Longitudinal Structure
14.3.2 Secondary Transformations
14.3.2.1 Change in the Hydrological Regime
14.3.2.2 Categories of Hydro-Technical Structures’ Impact on the Aquatic Environment
14.4 Directory of Best Practices in the Rehabilitation of Rivers
14.5 Examples of River Rehabilitation
14.5.1 Renovation of the Buffer Zone of the Narew National Park (NPN), Poland
14.5.2 Reconstruction of Meanders on Straight Sections of the Cole River, Coleshill, Counties of Oxfordshire/Wiltshire, Great Britain
14.5.3 The REURIS Project: Restoration of the Ślepotka River
14.5.4 Renaturation of the Isar River in Bavaria, Germany
14.5.5 Restoration of the Hase River, the Catchment of River Ems, Lower Saxony, Germany
14.5.6 Restoration of the Würschnitz and Chemnitz Watercourses
14.5.6.1 Evaluation of the Watercourse Structure
14.5.6.2 Determining the Possibility of Restoring the Watercourse
14.6 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
References
Chapter 15 Torrential and Flash Flood Warning: General Overview and Uses of Localized Hydropower
15.1 Introduction
15.1.1 Background
15.2 Hydrological Model Techniques for Flood Forecasting
15.3 Examples of Flood Forecasting Models
15.3.1 EPIC Model
15.3.2 GloFAS Model
15.3.3 Flood Forecasting in Europe
15.3.4 Flood Forecasting in France
15.3.5 Flood Forecasting in the United States
15.3.6 Flood Forecasting in Taiwan
15.3.7 Flood Forecasting in Africa
15.4 Early Warning Systems at the Local Level
15.5 Hydropower and Its Potential in Localized Early Warning
15.6 Discussion
15.7 Limitations and Future Work
15.8 Summary and Conclusions
References
Part IV Flood Hazards and Damages
Chapter 16 Flood and Building Damages
16.1 Introduction
16.1.1 Provisions
16.1.2 Interviews and Workshops
16.2 Specifying Drying Time
16.3 Monitoring the Moisture Content of the Material
16.4 Drying of Flooded Buildings
16.4.1 Background Information
16.4.2 Methods and Equipment Used to Dry Buildings
16.4.3 Sealing Building Parts to Help Dry
16.5 Flood Sources and Concepts
16.5.1 Flood Sources
16.5.2 Infrastructure Failure
16.5.3 Flood Inlet Routes
16.5.4 Exterior Wall/Block Wall/Cracks in the Outer Walls
16.6 Consequences of Flood Depth
16.6.1 Under the Ground Floor
16.6.2 Above the Ground Floor
16.7 Consequences of Flood Duration
16.8 Standards for Repair
16.8.1 Level A Standard of Repair
16.8.2 Level B Standard of Repair
16.8.3 Level C Standard of Repair
16.9 Safety, Disinfection, and Drying
16.10 Making Safety
16.11 The Safe Manufacturing Process Inclusion
16.12 Disinfection
16.12.1 Disinfection Process
16.13 Drying
16.13.1 Drying Process
16.13.2 Drying of Walls
16.13.3 Floor Drying
16.13.4 Drying Facilities (National Facilities Services [NFS])
16.14 Secondary Injury Prevention
16.14.1 Density and Humidity
16.14.2 Molds
16.15 Post-Flood Assessment and Mitigation of Future Floods
16.16 Specifications
16.16.1 Electrical Services
16.16.2 Gas
16.16.3 Oil
16.16.4 Water
16.16.5 Drainage, Pipes, and Sewage
16.17 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
References
Chapter 17 Flood Mapping, Monitoring, and Damage Assessment
17.1 Introduction
17.1.1 Types of Flood
17.1.1.1 Flash Floods
17.1.1.2 Riverine/Fluvial Floods
17.1.1.3 Coastal Flood
17.1.1.4 Urban Flood
17.1.1.5 Ice Jam
17.1.1.6 Glacial Lake Outbursts Flood (GLOF)
17.1.2 Causes of Flood
17.2 Geospatial Technology
17.3 Role of Geospatial Technology in Flood Mapping
17.3.1 Optical Remote Sensing
17.3.1.1 Advantages and Disadvantage of Optical Remote Sensing Data
17.3.2 Microwave Remote Sensing
17.3.2.1 Advantages and Disadvantages of Microwave Remote Sensing Data
17.4 Role of Geospatial Technology in Flood Monitoring
17.4.1 Flood Extent
17.4.2 Flood Duration
17.4.3 Flood Depth
17.5 Role of Geospatial Technology in Flood Damage Assessment
17.5.1 Inundation in Administrative Boundaries/Spatial Damage
17.5.2 Infrastructural Damage
17.5.3 LULC Damage Assessment
17.6 Summary and Conclusions
17.7 Acknowledgments
Note
References
Chapter 18 Fundamental Flood Hazard Issues in the Alluvial Fan Environment
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Definitions
18.2.1 Alluvial Fan Landform
18.2.2 Active Alluvial Fan
18.2.3 Inactive Alluvial Fans
18.2.4 Active Alluvial Fan Flooding
18.2.5 Apex
18.2.6 Flow Path Uncertainty
18.2.7 Avulsion
18.2.8 Fan-Like Landforms and Channel Patterns
18.2.8.1 Alluvial Plains
18.2.8.2 Pediments
18.2.8.3 Distributary Flow Areas
18.2.8.4 Sheet Flooding
18.2.8.5 Time Scales
18.3 Flood Processes on Alluvial Fans
18.3.1 Riverine Flooding
18.3.2 Distributary Flow
18.3.3 Sheet Flooding
18.3.4 Variable Flood Type
18.3.5 Flow Attenuation
18.3.6 On-Fan Flood Sources
18.3.7 Debris Flow
18.3.8 Sediment Deposition
18.3.9 Avulsions
18.3.10 Channel Erosion
18.4 Quantifying Alluvial Fan Flood Hazards – Hazard Assessment
18.4.1 Mapping Alluvial Fan Floodplain Limits
18.4.2 Qualitative Assessment Techniques
18.4.3 Hydrologic Modeling Considerations
18.4.4 Hydraulic Modeling Considerations
18.4.5 Advantages of Two-Dimensional Modeling
18.4.6 Modeling Flow Attenuation
18.4.7 FEMA FAN Model
18.4.8 Evaluating Flow Path Uncertainty
18.5 Floodplain Management on Alluvial Fans
18.5.1 Flood Hazard Type
18.5.2 Downstream Impacts
18.5.3 Whole Fan Solutions
18.5.4 Alternative Flood Hazard Zones
18.5.5 Maintenance
18.5.6 Design Frequency
18.6 Gaps in Understanding
18.6.1 Mud and Debris Flows
18.6.2 Urbanized Alluvial Fans
18.6.3 Non-Highly Active Fans
18.6.4 Avulsion Frequency
18.6.5 Hydrologic Modeling
18.6.6 High Hazard/Low Hazard Areas
18.7 Summary and Conclusions
Note
References
Chapter 19 Physical Vulnerability, Flood Damage, and Adjustments: Examining the Factors Affecting Damage to Residential Buildings in Eastern Dhaka
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Theoretical Development and Conceptual Framework
19.2.1 Flood Vulnerability and Flood Damage
19.2.2 Flood Damage Reduction Measures
19.2.3 Buildings’ Physical Vulnerability and Adjustments to Flood Damage
19.3 Context of Dhaka
19.3.1 Overview of Dhaka
19.3.2 Flood Vulnerability of Eastern Dhaka
19.4 Research Setting and Methodology
19.4.1 Study Area
19.4.2 Data Collection and Analysis
19.5 Results
19.5.1 Causes of Flooding
19.5.2 Flood Damage to Residential Buildings
19.5.3 Physical Attributes and Flood Damage to Residential Buildings
19.5.3.1 Age of the Residential Buildings
19.5.3.2 Surrounding Land Cover Condition
19.5.3.3 The Height of Plinth Level
19.5.3.4 Building Typology
19.5.3.5 Buildings’ Adjustments
19.6 Discussions
19.7 Summary and Conclusions
References
Part V Flood Erosion and Sediment
Chapter 20 River Flood Erosion and Land Development and Management
20.1 Introduction
20.2 River Channels and Climate Changes
20.3 Positive and Negative Effects of Weathering and Erosion
20.4 Flood Erosion, Land Vulnerability, and Risk
20.4.1 Intrinsic Vulnerability
20.4.2 Integrated Vulnerability
20.4.3 Risk
20.5 Erosion Control and Flood Risk Management (FRM)
20.5.1 Remediation and Land Reclamation
20.5.2 Erosion Control Measures
20.6 Zoning Criteria
20.7 Discussions
20.8 Conclusions
References
Chapter 21 Debris and Solid Wastes in Flood Plain Management
21.1 Introduction
21.2 Flood and Floodplain
21.3 Debris and Solid Waste
21.3.1 Debris Definition and Types
21.3.2 Solid Waste Definition and Types
21.4 Importance of Debris and Solid Waste Management
21.5 Debris and Solid Waste Management
21.5.1 Objectives of Debris and Solid Waste Management
21.5.2 Ordering and Time-Tabling of the Management Plan
21.5.3 Environmental Impacts
21.5.4 Economic Issues
21.5.5 Financial Features: Funding Methods
21.5.6 Social Issues
21.5.7 Organizational and Coordination Structures
21.5.8 Legislative Issues
21.6 Management Strategy
21.6.1 Debris Management
21.6.2 Solid Waste Management
21.7 The Hierarchy of Waste Management
21.8 Management Activities
21.8.1 Generation of Waste
21.8.2 Segregation and Recycling of Waste
21.8.3 Collection of Waste
21.8.4 Transfer and Transportation of Waste
21.8.5 Treatment or Processing of Waste
21.8.6 Disposal of Waste
21.9 Summary and Conclusions
References
Chapter 22 A Sedimentary Investigation into the Origin and Composition of a Dam Reservoir
22.1 Introduction
22.2 The Phenomenon of Sedimentation
22.3 Sediment Physical Analysis (Particle Size Analysis)
22.3.1 Natural Origin
22.3.2 Anthropogenic Origin
22.3.3 Sediment Composition
22.4 Origin of Sediment in Dams
22.4.1 Physical Factors
22.4.1.1 A Climate of Heavy Precipitation
22.4.1.2 An Important Vegetation Cover
22.4.1.3 Easily Movable Soils
22.4.1.4 Marked Topography Accelerating the Displacement of the Mobilized Materials
22.4.2 Anthropogenic Factors
22.4.2.1 A Strong Demographic Pressure
22.4.2.2 The Massive Clearing of Wooded Areas
22.4.2.3 Fires and Overgrazing
22.5 Cultivation Techniques
22.6 Means of Combating Siltation
22.7 Evacuation of Sediments as They Arrive
22.8 Dredging
22.9 Case Studies
22.9.1 Example 1: Origin of Solid Transport and Sedimentation in the Watershed of the Wadi Mina
22.9.1.1 Study Area
22.9.1.2 Data Used and Methods of Quantification
22.10 Discussion
22.10.1 Where Do the Sediments of the Dam Originate?
22.11 Summary and Conclusions
References
Chapter 23 Sedimentation and Geomorphological Changes During Floods
23.1 Introduction
23.2 Extreme Rainfall and Flood in the Darjeeling Himalayas on October 2–5, 1968
23.3 Role of Clustering of the Floods of Various Duration and Frequency – Their Sedimentological and Erosional Effects
23.4 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
References
Part VI Flooding and Dam Construction
Chapter 24 Dam Failure Assessment for Sustainable Flood Retention Basins
24.1 Introduction
24.1.1 Background
24.1.2 Aim and Objectives
24.2 Methodology
24.2.1 Data Collection
24.2.2 Quick Screening Tool for Determining SFRB Dam Failure
24.2.3 Ordinary Kriging
24.3 Example Results and Discussion
24.3.1 Dam Failure Assessment for Different Types of SFRB
24.3.2 Spatial Distribution of the Hazard and Risk of Dam Failure
24.3.3 Risk Categories
24.4 Summary and Conclusions
24.5 Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 25 Simulating Flood Due to Dam Break
25.1 Introduction
25.2 Numerical Models
25.2.1 SPH Equations
25.2.2 Lagrange Multipliers for SPH Boundaries
25.2.3 RANS and LES Equations
25.2.4 VOF Equations
25.3 Description of Models Used in Experimental Studies
25.4 Results
25.4.1 Free Surface Profiles
25.4.2 Velocity Calculations
25.4.3 Pressure Calculations
25.5 Discussions
25.6 Summary and Conclusions
References
Chapter 26 Modeling the Propagation of the Submersion Wave in Case of a Dam Break: Case of the Gargar Dam, Algeria
26.1 Introduction
26.2 Description of Mathematical Model
26.3 Presentation of the Program
26.3.1 Numerical Application
26.4 SORB Program
26.5 Computer Code CASTOR
26.6 Summary and Conclusions
References
Chapter 27 River Restoration for Flood Impact Mitigation
27.1 Introduction
27.2 River Restoration: Basic Concepts
27.3 Brief Overview of River Restoration
27.4 River Restoration for Flood Impact Mitigation
27.5 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
References
Index