This book explores total information awareness empowered by social media. At the FBI Citizens Academy in February 2021, I asked the FBI about the January 6 Capitol riot organized on social media that led to the unprecedented ban of a sitting U.S. President by all major social networks. In March 2021, Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg, Google CEO Sundar Pichai, and Twitter CEO Jack Dorsey appeared before Congress to face criticism about their handling of misinformation and online extremism that culminated in the storming of Capitol Hill. With more than three billion monthly active users, Facebook family of apps is by far the world's largest social network. Facebook as a nation is bigger than the top three most populous countries in the world: China, India, and the United States. Social media has enabled its users to inform and misinform the public, to appease and disrupt Wall Street, to mitigate and exacerbate the COVID-19 pandemic, and to unite and divide a country. Mark Zuckerberg once said, "We exist at the intersection of technology and social issues." He should have heeded his own words. In October 2021, former Facebook manager-turned-whistleblower Frances Haugen testified at the U.S. Senate that Facebook's products "harm children, stoke division, and weaken our democracy." This book offers discourse and practical advice on information and misinformation, cybersecurity and privacy issues, cryptocurrency and business intelligence, social media marketing and caveats, e-government and e-activism, as well as the pros and cons of total information awareness including the Edward Snowden leaks.
Author(s): Newton Lee
Edition: 3
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2021
Language: English
Commentary: TruePDF
Pages: 571
Tags: Information Systems Applications (Incl. Internet); Multimedia Information Systems; Management Of Computing And Information Systems
Acknowledgements
About the Book
Contents
About the Author
Part I: Prologue
Chapter 1: From 1984 to Total Information Awareness
1.1 U.S. Capitol Riot on January 6, 2021
1.2 President Ronald Reagan on April 3, 1984
1.3 Total Information Awareness
1.4 Edward Snowden’s NSA Leaks and PRISM
1.5 Social Networks’ Responses to NSA Leaks and PRISM
1.6 Reform Government Surveillance and Reset the Net
References
Part II: Privacy in the Age of Big Data
Chapter 2: Social Networks and Privacy
2.1 Zero Privacy and the Central Intelligence Agency
2.2 The Archer, Carrier Pigeons, and President Jimmy Carter
2.3 The Pervasiveness of Facebook
2.4 Chairs Are Like Facebook
2.5 Facebook and Personal Privacy
2.6 Facebook Friends and Personal Privacy
2.7 Facebook, Children, and COPPA
2.8 Netflix and Social Apps on Facebook
2.9 Facebook Timeline and Open Graph
2.10 Ambient Social Apps and Digital Surveillance
2.11 Stalking Apps and Badoo (aka Facebook for Sex)
2.12 Facial Recognition Apps
2.13 Facial Recognition on Facebook, Google, and iPhone
2.14 Virtual Passports: From Privacy to Data Use
2.15 Social Search: Google, plus Your World and Microsoft’s Bing
2.16 Self-Destructing Messages
2.17 Facebook Anonymous Login
2.18 Anonymous Social Apps
2.19 Responses to Zero Privacy
References
Chapter 3: Smartphones and Privacy
3.1 Smartphones
3.2 Location Tracking on iPhone and iPad
3.3 Carrier IQ
3.4 Smartphone Data Collection Transparency
3.5 Always On
3.6 Mobile Apps Privacy Invasion
3.7 Mobile Apps for Children
3.8 Android Market and Google Play
3.9 Apple’s App Store
3.10 Facebook App Center
References
Chapter 4: Privacy Breaches
4.1 Facebook’s Massive Data Breaches
4.2 Google Street View
4.3 Google Easter Eggs in Disguise
4.4 Apple Software Bugs
4.5 Facebook User Tracking Bug and Online Behavioral Tracking
4.6 Carrier IQ and Other Privacy Blunders
References
Part III: Business Intelligence in Social Media
Chapter 5: Business Intelligence
5.1 French Revolution of Finance: A Tale of GameStop
5.2 Bitcoin, Dogecoin, and Crypto Pump-and-Dumps
5.3 Facebook Credits, Libra, Diem, and Stablecoin
5.4 Intelligent Digital Billboards
5.5 Data Mining: Amazon.com, Lowe’s, Target, True&Co
5.6 Tumblr and Gmail: Yes to Advertisements
5.7 Social Ads on Facebook
5.8 News Feed, Sponsored Stories, Custom Stories, Facebook Exchange, and Marketplace
5.9 Facebook for Every Phone
5.10 Instagram and Mobile App Install Ads
5.11 Facebook Home and Parse
5.12 WhatsApp and Facebook Audience Network
5.13 Location-based Mobile Advertisements
5.14 Business Communications on Facebook
5.15 B2B, B2C, and H2H on Social Media
References
Chapter 6: Facebook Analytics, Advertising, and Marketing
6.1 The Viral Cycle
6.2 Metrics Analysis Action (MAA)
6.3 Everything You Need to Know about Website Custom Audiences (WCA)
6.4 Ten Questions Any Facebook Marketing Consultant should be Able to Answer
6.5 The Insider’s Guide to Facebook Traffic
6.6 Using Exclusion Targeting to Filter Out Unwanted Targets
6.7 Guess Where Users are Spending More Time — TV or Mobile/Web?
6.8 The Mechanics of Facebook Ad Budgeting
6.9 How Spending a Few Dollars on Facebook can Turn You into an Influencer
6.10 The Danger of Buying Facebook Fans
6.11 How to Tell if Your Ad is Working and Diagnose Newsfeed Burnout
References
Chapter 7: How to Become an Influencer and Make Money on Instagram
7.1 Social Media Influencer
7.2 Advertisement
7.3 Affiliate Marketing
7.4 Personal Branding
7.5 Giveaways
7.6 Boosting Your Instagram Followers
7.6.1 Enter Giveaways as a Sponsor
7.6.2 Promote your Content to Top Instagram Posts
7.6.3 Joining Instagram Pods
7.6.4 Advertising with Influencers
7.6.5 Targeted Instagram Ads
7.6.6 The Bottomline
Chapter 8: Consumer Privacy in the Age of Big Data
8.1 Data Privacy vs. Data Security
8.2 Facebook vs. Apple’s Privacy Nutrition Labels
8.3 Oil of the Digital Age
8.4 Data Brokers: The Good, the Bad and the Ugly
8.5 Consumer Privacy Bill of Rights
8.6 Federal Trade Commission Privacy Report: Do Not Track
8.7 Google’s Federated Learning of Cohorts (FLoC)
8.8 California Online Privacy Protection Act
8.9 European Union’s “Right to be Forgotten” Law
8.10 Facebook and Twitter Safety and Takedowns
References
Part IV: The Rise of Facebook Nation
Chapter 9: Twitter – A World of Immediacy
9.1 Platform of Hope Amid COVID-19 Crisis
9.2 Crime Stoppers on Social Media
9.3 The Pen is Mightier than the Sword
9.4 Citizen Journalists
9.5 A World of Immediacy
9.6 Prevalence of Twitter
9.7 Advertisements and Campaigns on Twitter
9.8 Cuban Twitter: ZunZuneo
9.9 Creative Uses of Twitter
9.10 The Downside of Twitter
References
Chapter 10: Misinformation, Disinformation, and Fake News
10.1 The Storming of Capitol Hill in 2021
10.2 The War of the Worlds Radio Broadcast in 1938
10.3 Misinformation, Disinformation, and Fake News on Social Media
10.4 Ramifications and Repercussions of Misinformation and Disinformation
10.5 Combating Misinformation, Disinformation, and Fake News on Social Media
10.6 Censorship vs. Freedom of Speech
10.7 The Oversight Board: Facebook’s Supreme Court
10.8 Trustworthiness of Wikipedia
10.9 Google Search Sabotage
10.10 Advertising Misinformation and Disinformation
10.11 Authenticity of Social Media Influencers and Fake Accounts
10.12 Facebook Account Verification
10.13 Twitter Verified Accounts
10.14 Deepfakes and Shallowfakes on YouTube
10.15 Social Media vs. Mainstream Media
10.16 Abuse of Power
References
Chapter 11: Wikipedia and the New Web
11.1 History of Wikipedia
11.2 Standard of Quality
11.3 Learning Curve
11.4 Wikipedia as Major News Source
11.5 Wikipedians
11.6 Acceptance of Wikipedia
11.7 Wikipedia Education Program
11.8 Systemic Bias and WikiProject Women Scientists
11.9 Native Language Wikipedias
11.10 Wikipedia Zero
References
Chapter 12: E-Government and E-Activism
12.1 President Barack Obama and Web 2.0
12.2 Gov 2.0 Apps
12.3 The Kony 2012 Phenomenon
12.4 Reactions to Kony 2012
12.5 SOPA/PIPA Blackout Day
12.6 Reactions to SOPA/PIPA Blackout
12.7 Battles over Internet Legislations – OPEN, ACTA, CISPA, and Net Neutrality
12.8 Peace on Facebook, Facebook Donate, and Community Help
12.9 Internet Activism and Occupy Democracy
12.10 Transnational (Arab-Israeli) Facebook Nation
12.11 Internet Censorship in Western Democracies
12.12 Internet Censorship in China
12.13 Arab Spring Uprisings, Egypt, Syria, Sandi Arabia, Turkey, and Myanmar
12.14 The Rise of Facebook Nation
12.15 Electoral College, Social Network Constitution, and Cyber Civil Rights
References
Chapter 13: A Multi-Criteria Approach to Analysing E-Democracy Support Systems
13.1 Introduction
13.2 e-Democracy and Tool Support
13.3 Relevant Features of Tools for e-Democracy
13.3.1 A Sample of Relevant Aspects
13.3.2 A Map of Different Aspects of Democracy
13.4 Indexation
13.5 Categorising E-democracy Tools
13.5.1 Positioning Criteria
13.5.2 Evaluation Principles
13.5.3 CAR Weights and Values
13.6 Some Examples of Components of the Positioning Criteria
13.6.1 Grading and Scale
13.7 Analysis of BottenAda, Twitter, Ushahidi, and Facebook
13.7.1 Analysis: BottenAda
13.7.2 Analysis: Twitter
13.7.3 Analysis: Ushahidi
13.7.4 Ranking Digital Intermediaries: Facebook
13.8 Concluding Remarks and Discussion
References
Chapter 14: A Ranking Model for Citizen Engagement in a Smart City
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Problem, Hypothesis, and Methodology
14.3 Descriptive Statistics: Distribution and Relationships
14.4 Correlation Between Variables
14.5 Hypothesis Validation
14.6 Machine Learning: Classifying Models
14.7 Statistical Inferences: Generalizing the Ranking Model
14.8 Conclusion
Part V: Total Information Awareness in Facebook Nation
Chapter 15: Generation C in the Age of Big Data
15.1 Digital Omnivores and Generation C
15.2 Big Data Research and Development Initiative
15.3 Big Data in Public Health and Economics
15.4 Big Data in Facebook and Google
References
Chapter 16: Living in Facebook Nation
16.1 Facebook’s Impact on Children and Democracy
16.2 Digital Personalities and Identities
16.3 Intertwining Lives, Online and Offline
16.4 Digital Footprint and Exhaust Data
16.5 Facebook, Peer Pressure, and Social Issues
16.6 Reality TV and Social Media
16.7 YouTube: The Beast with a Billion Eyes
16.8 Am I Pretty or Ugly?
16.9 Social Media Regrets
16.10 Facebook Social Plug-in: Like
16.11 Facebook Knows Who, When, and Where
16.12 Online Births and Deaths in Facebook Nation
16.13 Memorialization on Facebook and Life after Death on Social Networks
16.14 The Facebook Cleanse or Face-to-Facebook
16.15 The Rise of Alternative Social Media Platforms: Fortnite and Gab
16.16 Connected Cars: In-vehicle Social Networks and eXpressive Internet Architecture
16.17 Connected Home, Internet of Things, and Internet of Me
16.18 Internet Addiction and Digital Detox
References
Chapter 17: Personal Privacy and Information Management
17.1 Personal Information for Sale
17.2 Personal Information at Risk
17.3 Identity Theft Prevention
17.4 Password Protection
17.5 Password Security Questions
17.6 Privacy Protection
17.7 Privacy on Facebook
17.8 Privacy on Google
17.9 Privacy on Smartphones
17.10 Data Vault – Data is the New Oil
17.11 Personal Analytics and Social Networks
17.12 Community Analytics and Social Networks
References
Chapter 18: Total Information Awareness in Society
18.1 U.S. Capitol Riot – Free Speech vs. True Threats on Social Media
18.2 Humanity’s Dashboard in Big Data
18.3 Ambient Awareness in Suicide Prevention
18.4 Parental Awareness in School Bullying and Cyberbullying
18.5 Student Awareness in School Safety
18.6 Crime Awareness in Video Surveillance
18.7 Community Awareness in Neighborhood Watch
18.8 Situational Awareness in Traffic Safety
18.9 Location Awareness in Personal Safety
18.10 Information Awareness in Law Enforcement
18.11 Self-Awareness in Online Dating
18.12 Pandora’s Box of Total Information Awareness
References
Part VI: Epilogue
Chapter 19: From Total Information Awareness to 1984
19.1 From Carrier Pigeons to Brave New World of Total Information Awareness
19.2 George Orwell’s 1984
19.3 Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World
19.4 Point of No Return and Internet.org: “Every one of us. Everywhere. Connected.”
19.5 Privacy and E-Activism: Mesh Networks and Peer-to-Peer Social Networks
19.6 Facebook Questions and a Google a Day
19.7 Two-Way Street of Total Information Awareness and Metaverse
References
Index
