Energy Systems Transition: Digitalization, Decarbonization, Decentralization and Democratization

Preface
Contents
Chapter 1: Energy Systems Decarbonization: Design Optimization of a Commercial Building MG System Considering High Penetration...
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Description of the Proposed Commercial MG System
1.2.1 PV
1.2.2 Wind Turbine
1.2.3 Fuel Cell
1.2.4 Electrical Energy Storage
1.2.5 Loads
1.3 Problem Formulation
1.3.1 Objective Function
1.3.1.1 The NPC of Each Applied DG
1.3.1.2 Fuel Cost
1.3.1.3 Penalty for CO2 Emission
1.3.1.4 Penalty for Interrupted Loads
1.3.2 Constraints
1.3.2.1 Electrical Power Balance
1.3.2.2 Operational of Each Type of DG
1.3.2.3 Energy Storage Constraint
1.3.2.4 Energy System Decarbonization
1.3.2.5 Reliability Constraint
1.4 MG Strategy to Supply Electrical Demands
1.5 Simulation Results and Discussion
1.5.1 Optimization of the Commercial MG
1.5.2 Impact of RES and BESS Utilization on System Decarbonization
1.5.3 Considering Load Growth in the MG
1.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 2: Data Analytics Applications in Digital Energy System Operation
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Existing Challenges and Literature Review
2.3 Data Processing Tools and Techniques
2.3.1 Preprocessing and Data Quality
2.3.2 Machine Learning Techniques
2.4 Big Data Analysis and Security
2.4.1 Big Data Characteristics
2.4.2 Data Generation and Acquisition
2.4.3 Data Storage
2.4.4 Data Processing
2.5 Data Security in Smart Grids
2.5.1 Forecasting Techniques in Data Security
2.6 Applications of Data Analysis in the Digital Operation
2.7 Conclusion
References
Chapter 3: A New Stable Solar System for Electricity, Cooling, Heating, and Potable Water Production in Sunny Coastal Areas
3.1 Introduction
3.2 System Description
3.3 Modeling Equations
3.3.1 Thermodynamic Analysis
3.3.2 Exergoeconomic Analysis
3.3.3 Solar Energy Collector (SEC)
3.3.4 Molten Salt Heat Storage Tanks (MSHST)
3.3.5 Performance Criteria
3.3.6 Optimization
3.3.7 Verification
3.4 Results and Discussion
3.4.1 Base Case Study
3.4.2 Parametric Study
3.4.3 Optimization Results
3.5 Conclusions
References
Chapter 4: Investigation of a New Methanol, Hydrogen, and Electricity Production System Based on Carbon Capture and Utilization
4.1 Introduction
4.2 System Description
4.2.1 Organic Rankine Cycle
4.2.2 Carbon Capture Unit
4.2.3 Water Electrolyzer Subsystem
4.2.4 Methanol Synthesis Unit
4.2.5 Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Subsystem
4.3 System Analysis
4.4 Results and Discussion
4.4.1 Base Case
4.4.2 Parametric Study
4.5 Conclusions
References
Chapter 5: Protection and Monitoring of Digital Energy Systems Operation
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Overview of Protection Key Points and Definitions
5.3 Overview of Microgrid Protection Bottlenecks
5.3.1 Loss of Coordination
5.3.2 Protection Under-reaching, Desensitization, or Blinding
5.3.3 False Tripping (Nuisance and Sympathetic)
5.3.4 Auto-reclosers
5.3.5 Sectionalizers
5.3.6 Unintentional Islanding
5.3.7 Heavily Power Electronic-Based Grids
5.4 IBR Control Schemes and Grid Protection
5.4.1 Solutions to IBR Protection Issues
5.4.1.1 Emulation of Synchronous-Generator Fault Response
5.4.1.2 Active Protection Methods
5.4.1.3 Source-Independent Relays
5.4.1.4 Comparison of the Solutions to Protection Methods
5.5 Predictive Wide-Area Monitoring, Protection, and Control
5.5.1 Cascading Failures in Large Power Systems
5.5.2 Estimation Based on Synchronized Measurements
5.5.3 Protective Wide-Area Monitoring Structure
5.6 IoT, Auxiliary Protection, and Monitoring Methods
5.6.1 IoT in Protection
5.7 Artificial Intelligence-Based Protection
5.7.1 ANN-Based Relays
5.7.2 Relays Based on SVM
5.7.3 Fuzzy Logic
5.8 Conclusion
References
Chapter 6: Optimizing Wind Power Participation in Day-Ahead Electricity Market Using Meta-heuristic Optimization Algorithms
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Electricity Market Modeling
6.3 Calculation of Uncertainty in Wind Power
6.4 Main Focus of the Chapter
6.5 Results of Analysis
6.5.1 Meta-heuristic Optimization Algorithms Application in Minimizing Total Expected Costs
6.6 Future Work
6.7 Conclusion
References
Chapter 7: Robust Energy Management of Virtual Energy Hub Considering Intelligent Parking Lots for the Plug-In Hybrid Electric...
7.1 Introduction
7.1.1 Background and Motivations
7.1.2 Related Works
7.1.3 Novelties and Contributions
7.2 Problem Modeling
7.2.1 Objective Function
7.2.2 CHP
7.2.3 Boiler
7.2.4 Wind Farm
7.2.5 Intelligent Parking Lot
7.2.6 Thermal Buffer Tank
7.2.7 Electrical and Thermal Markets
7.2.8 End Consumers
7.2.9 Demand Response
7.2.10 Power Balance
7.2.11 Robust Optimization
7.3 Simulation
7.3.1 Input Data
7.3.2 Case Study 1
7.3.3 Case Study 2
7.4 Conclusion
References
Chapter 8: Hybrid Interval-Stochastic Optimal Operation Framework of a Multi-carrier Microgrid in the Presence of Hybrid Elect...
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Problem Description
8.3 Problem Formulation
8.3.1 Stochastic-Based Proposed Model
8.3.1.1 Objective Function
8.3.1.2 Gas-Based Non-renewable Energy Source Constraints
8.3.1.3 Renewable Energy Source Constraints
8.3.1.4 Hydrogen Energy-Based Source Constraints
8.3.1.5 Cooling Energy Constraints
8.3.1.6 Energy Storage System Constraints
8.3.1.7 Heat Storage System Constraints
8.3.1.8 Ice Storage System Constraints
8.3.1.9 Hydrogen Storage System Constraints
8.3.1.10 Electric Vehicle Intelligent Parking Lot Constraints
8.3.1.11 All Energy Balance Constraints
8.3.2 Interval-Based Stochastic Proposed Model
8.3.2.1 General Model Specifications
8.3.2.2 Weighted Sum and Fuzzy Solution Approaches
8.4 Simulation Results
8.4.1 All Input Data
8.4.2 Case Studies and Analysis of Results
8.4.2.1 Stochastic-Based Simulation Results
8.4.2.2 Interval-Based Simulation Results
8.5 Conclusions
References
Index