Utilizing a commonsense approach to transforming the Electricity Industry, this book demonstrates how to meet clean energy goals and simplify coordination with Distributed Energy Resources. Stuart McCafferty presents a new way to architect solutions using a modern, event-driven, standards-based distributed architecture to streamline communications with utility, customer, and third party owned clean energy assets. The architectural and technological problems of the 20th Century centralized model are discussed, and readers are provided with a pragmatic alternative architecture. The book has examples of how to seamlessly integrate large numbers of Distributed Energy Resources with centralized systems that take advantage of intelligent edge devices through coordination instead of direct command and control. Energy IoT Reference Architecture is aligned to solve today’s biggest Electricity Industry problems, as demonstrated in this book. Through this must-have resource, readers will find detailed explanations of common energy IoT reference architecture and understand the integration of utility, customer, and third-party distributed grid assets.
Author(s): Stuart McCafferty
Publisher: Artech House
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 243
City: Boston
Energy IoT Architecture:
From Theory to Practice
Contents
Preface
Acknowledgments
1
Energy IoT: Get Your Head in the Cloud
1.1 Driver #1: Societal Mandate for Clean Energy
1.2 Driver #2: The Economic Advantage of Renewable Energy
1.3 Driver #3: Technological Change Is Accelerating
1.4 It Is Time to Act
1.5 Disruption Ahead
References
2
2
Architectural Challenges to the Energy Transformation
2.1 Think of Everything as a Microgrid
2.1.1 What’s Wrong with the Architecture We Have Now?
2.2 Challenges with Today’s Electric Power Industry Architecture
2.2.1 Reliable and Affordable Electricity
2.2.2 Fair and Equitable for Large and Small Alike
2.2.3 Democratic, Secure, Trusted, Reliable, Resilient, and Safe
2.2.4 Decarbonization and Deep Electrification
2.2.5 Business Model Innovation
2.2.6 Sustainable Energy Future
2.3 Utility’s Siloed Systems
References
3
Technical and Regulatory Barriers
to the Energy Transformation
3.1 Legacy Technology Mindset Is Based on Incrementalism
3.2 The Challenges of SCADA Systems
3.3 The Challenges with Energy Management Systems (EMS), Distribution Management Systems (DMS), and Distributed Energy Resource Management Systems (DERMS)
3.4 The Challenges with Regulation
3.5 The Biggest Technology Challenge Is Scale
3.5.1 Digital Cloud Platforms Provide the Solution to Scaling Issues
3.6 Crossing the Technology Chasm
3.7 Conclusion
4
Energy IoT Reference Architecture Big Picture
4.1 What Is Happening Here?
4.2 The Energy IoT Stack View
4.3 DER Device/OT Domain
4.4 Energy Business Systems (SaaS) Domain
4.5 Energy IoT Digital Energy Platform Services Domain (The Green Cloud)
4.6 Conclusion
5
Energy OT Domain: Evolving Towards a Neural Grid
5.1 The Neural Grid
5.2 Sensors and Measurement
5.3 Gateways and Local Controllers
5.4 DERs
5.4.1 Energy Storage DER
5.5 Telecommunication Infrastructure
5.6 Microgrids
5.7 Security
5.8 Bulk Generation
5.9 Smart Homes, Buildings, and Cities
5.9.1 EVs
5.10 EV Supply Equipment Charging Infrastructure
5.10.1 EV Fleet Charging
5.11 Conclusion
References
6
Energy Business Systems (SaaS) Domain
6.1 Planning Systems
6.1.1 Long-Term Planning (LTP)
6.1.2 Short-Term Planning (STP)
6.1.3 Weather and Load Forecasting
6.2 Customer Systems
6.2.1 Customer Programs
6.2.2 Metering Systems
6.2.3 Interconnect System
6.2.4 M&V System
6.2.5 Customer Information (CIS), Settlement, and Billing Systems
6.3 Operations Systems
6.3.1 Transmission Systems
6.3.2 DGO Systems
6.3.3 DERMS
6.4 Market Systems
6.4.1 Wholesale/Transmission Markets
6.4.2 Retail/Distribution Markets
6.4.3 Carbon Markets
6.5 Communications and Security
6.5.1 Cybersecurity
6.5.2 Network and Telecom Management
6.5.3 Physical Security
6.6 Construction and Maintenance
6.6.1 Asset Management Systems
6.6.2 Workforce Management Systems
6.6.3 Geospatial Information System (GIS)
6.7 Conclusion
References
7
Digital Energy Platform Services Domain:
The Green Cloud
7.1 Architectural Principles of the Green Cloud
7.1.1 The Principle of Scalability
7.1.2 The Principle of Abstraction and Interoperability
7.1.3 The Principle of Reduced Complexity
7.1.4 The Principle of Loose Coupling
7.1.5 The Principle of Business Model Innovation
7.2 Green Cloud Characteristics
7.3 Green Cloud Architectural Components
7.4 Cloud Microservices and Container Technologies
7.5 DevOps Software Development and Source Code Management
7.6 Event Management and Low Code Workflow Automation
7.7 Data Services
7.7.1 Smart Contracts, Digital Ledger Technology (DLT)
7.7.2 Structured Data
7.7.3 Unstructured Data
7.8 Security and Identity Management
7.9 Asset Registry
7.10 AI and Optimization
7.11 Digital Twin Agent
7.11.1 There Are Probably at Least Two Types of Digital Twins
7.12 Aggregators and VPPs
7.13 Community Choice Aggregation
7.14 Adapters
7.15 SOA, Message Buses, and Message Payloads
7.16 Conclusion
References
8
Mapping the IEEE 2030.5 Protocol
to the Energy IoT Reference Architecture
8.1 History
8.2 IEEE 2030.5 Architecture
8.2.1 CPUC Rule 21
8.2.2 IEEE 2030.5 Features and Supported Grid Services
8.2.3 Discovery
8.2.4 Supported Grid Services
8.3 IEEE 2030.5 Certification and Testing Tools
8.3.1 Test Tools
8.3.2 CSIP Certification
8.3.3 IEEE 2030.5 Architecture Mapped to Energy IoT Reference Architecture
8.3.4 Where to Find IEEE 2030.5 Documentation
8.4 Conclusion
References
9
Developing Energy IoT Rapid Solution Architectures
9.1 Developing Energy IoT Rapid Solution Architectures
9.1.1 Energy IoT Rapid Solution Architecture Methodology
9.1.2 Benefits of Energy IoT Rapid Solution Architecture Methodology
9.2 Example Use Case
9.2.1 Step 1: Create a Layered Template
9.2.2 Step 2: Identify Energy IoT Reference Architecture Components for the Use Case
9.2.3 Step 3: Add Necessary Features to Support the Use Case
9.2.4 Step 4: Collaborate with Others
9.2.5 Step 5 and Beyond: Create Supporting Architectural Drawings
9.3 Real-Life Examples of an Energy IoT Approach in Australia
9.3.1 The HP DER Integration Experiment
9.4 Conclusion
Reference
10
PNNL’s Grid Architecture
10.1 Laminar Decomposition
10.2 Grid Architecture Framework Qualities and Properties
10.3 Other PNNL Grid Architecture Framework Features
10.4 Conclusion
Reference
11
The Path to Decarbonization Requires Integrated DER
11.1 Utilities’ Path to Decarbonization
11.2 The Pattern for Utility Decarbonization
11.2.1 Step 1: Vision and Strategy
11.2.2 Step 2: Real-Time Technology
11.2.3 Step 3: Organizational Skills
11.2.4 Step 4: Scalability
11.3 Conclusion
12
The Road Forward
12.1 A Call to Action
12.2 The Big Picture Has to Work Together
12.3 Leveraging DER to Provide Resilience
12.4 The Way Forward
12.4.1 Align the Partners
12.4.2 Build the Services
12.4.3 Pilot the Approach
12.4.4 Implement at Scale
12.5 Will You Be Part of the Solution?
Reference
Appendix:
Relevant Communication Protocols and Standards
A.1 IEEE 2030.5
A.2 OpenFMB
A.3 IEC 61850
A.4 Open Automated Demand Response (OpenADR)
A.5 IEEE 1547
A.6 Modbus and SunSpec Modbus
A.7 OCPP OSCP
A.8 IEEE 2030.7
List of Acronyms
About the Author
Index
