Emerging Technologies for Textile Coloration

Cover
Half Title
Series Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Preface
Acknowledgment
Editors
Contributors
Chapter 1 Textile Coloration Technologies: Today and Tomorrow
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Need of the Hour: Environmental Awareness
1.3 Drive Toward Sustainable Technologies
1.3.1 Natural Dyes
1.3.2 Plasma Technology
1.3.3 Spin-Dyeing
1.3.4 Supercritical Fluid Dyeing
1.3.5 Electrochemical Dyeing
1.3.6 Microwave-Assisted Dyeing
1.3.7 Ultrasonic Dyeing
1.3.8 Nanotechnology
1.3.9 Air-Dyeing
1.3.10 Microbial Colorants
1.3.11 Foam Dyeing
1.3.12 Digital Printing
1.4 Future Perspective
1.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 2 Sustainable Approaches to Coloration of Textile Materials
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Sustainable Coloration of Cellulosic Materials
2.2.1 Dyeing of Cotton Materials
2.2.2 Electrochemical Techniques
2.3 Sustainable Coloration of Protein Materials
2.4 Sustainable Coloration of Synthetic Materials
2.4.1 Dyeing of Polyester Materials
2.4.2 Dyeing of Nylon Materials
2.5 Other Sustainable Dyeing Techniques
2.5.1 Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Dyeing
2.5.2 Plasma-Assisted Dyeing
2.5.3 Air Dyeing
2.5.4 Ultrasound-Assisted Dyeing
2.5.5 Use of Natural Mordants in Dyeing
2.5.6 Nanotechnology in Dyeing
2.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 3 Aspects of Mordant Dyeing of Textile Fibers
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Traditional Mordant Dyeing Practices
3.2.1 Chrome Mordant Dyes
3.2.1.1 Mechanism of Chrome Mordant Process
3.2.2 Mordant Wool Dyeing with Pre-Metallised Acid Dyes (i.e., Metal Complex Dyes)
3.2.2.1 Chemistry of Metal – Dye Complex Formation
3.2.2.2 Dyeing using Metal Complex Dyes
3.3 Coloration of Textiles with Natural Dye
3.3.1 Resources of Natural Dye: Plants, Animal, and Minerals
3.3.2 Categorizing Natural Mordant Dyes as per Chemical Structure
3.3.2.1 Anthraquinone Dyes
3.3.2.2 Indigoid Dyes
3.3.2.3 α-Naphthoquinone Dyes
3.3.2.4 Carotenoid Dyes
3.3.2.5 Flavonoid Dyes
3.3.2.6 Dihydropyran Dyes
3.3.3 Extraction of Natural Dyes
3.3.3.1 Aqueous Extraction
3.3.3.2 Organic Media/Mixed Aqueous and Organic Solvents
3.3.3.3 Acid/Alkali Extraction
3.3.4 Mordants
3.3.5 Application of Mordants on the Textile Material
3.3.6 Types of Mordant
3.3.6.1 Metal-Based Mordants
3.3.6.2 Tannin
3.3.6.3 Oil-Mordants
3.3.7 Recent Trend of Bio-Mordants
3.3.8 Enzymes Mordant
3.3.9 General Method of Fabric Mordanting and Natural Dyeing
3.3.10 Ecological Aspects: Natural Dyeing with Mordants
3.4 Conclusion
References
Chapter 4 Insights into Electrochemical Technology for Dyeing
of Textiles with Future Prospects
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Electrochemical Dyeing: State of the Art
4.3 Types of Electrochemical Dyeing Processes
4.3.1 Direct Electrochemical Reduction
4.3.1.1 Direct Electrochemical Reduction in Sulfur Dyeing
4.3.1.2 Direct Electrochemical Reduction in Vat Dyeing
4.3.1.3 Direct Electrochemical Reduction of Dye Pigment via the Radical Process
4.3.1.4 Direct Electrochemical Reduction on Graphite Electrode
4.3.2 Indirect Method or Mediator-Enhanced Electrochemical Reduction
4.3.2.1 Mediator Systems
4.3.2.2 Organic Mediator Systems
4.3.2.3 Inorganic Mediator Systems
4.3.2.4 Indirect Electrochemical Reduction of Dyes
4.3.2.5 Requirements for a Mediator System
4.3.2.6 Reducing Power of Mediator Systems
4.3.2.7 Indirect Electrochemical Dyeing Process
4.3.3 Electrocatalytic Hydrogenation
4.4 Advantages of Electrochemical Dyeing Process
4.4.1 Environment
4.4.2 Economy
4.4.3 Health
4.4.4 Dyeing Quality
4.5 Future Prospects
4.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 5 Application of Microwave Irradiation in Coloration of Textiles
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Dyeing of Polyester
5.3 Dyeing of Polypropylene
5.4 Dyeing of Cotton
5.5 Dyeing of Wool and Silk
5.6 Dyeing of Acrylic and Nylon
5.7 Conclusion and Future Outlook
References
Chapter 6 Functional Value-Added Finishing of Textile Substrates Using Nanotechnology: A Review
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Antimicrobial Properties
6.3 Antistatic Finishes
6.4 UV-Protective Finishes
6.5 Antioxidant Finishes
6.6 Nanomaterials for Coloring Textile Materials
6.7 Environmental Considerations
6.8 Conclusion and Future Prospect
References
Chapter 7 Advanced Use of Nanomaterials in Coloration and Discoloration Processes
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Classification of Dyes
7.2.1 Synthetic Dyes
7.2.1.1 Reactive Dyes
7.2.1.2 Direct Dyes
7.2.1.3 Vat Dyes
7.2.1.4 Sulfur Dyes
7.2.1.5 Disperse Dyes
7.2.1.6 Acid Dyes
7.2.1.7 Basic Dyes
7.2.2 Natural Dyes
7.3 Advanced Use of Nanotechnology in the Textile Industry
7.3.1 Utilization of Nanodisperse Dyes as Alternative to Bulk Dyes
7.3.2 Utilization of Nanomaterials for Textile Coloration
7.4 Advanced Use of Nanomaterials in Discoloration Processes
7.4.1 Utilization of Carbonaceous Nanomaterials for Dye Removal
7.4.2 Utilization of Metallic Nanomaterials for Dye Removal
7.4.3 Utilization of Magnetic Nanomaterials for Dye Removal
7.4.4 Utilization of Nanomaterial for Dye Degradation
7.5 Conclusion and Future Prospects
References
Chapter 8 Nanotechnology-Enabled Approaches for Textile Applications: Solutions to Eliminate the Negative Impacts of Dyeing Materials and Processes
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Nanotechnology in Textile Dyeing
8.2.1 Nanopigments
8.2.2 Microbial Nanopigments
8.2.3 Nanodisperse Dye
8.3 Nanobubble Dyeing
8.3.1 Principle of Nanobubble Technology
8.4 Nanofiltration in Textile Dyeing
8.5 Conclusion and Future Scope
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 9 Gamma Ray Irradiation Technology for Textile
Surface Treatment/Modification: An Overview
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Basics of Gamma Ray Irradiation Technology
9.2.1 Computerized Control System
9.3 Applications of GRIT for Textile Surface Treatment
9.3.1 Improved Physical and Mechanical Properties
9.3.1.1 Physical Properties
9.3.1.2 Mechanical Properties
9.3.2 Enhanced Dye Uptake and Dyeability
9.3.2.1 Effect of Gamma Radiation on the Fabric Dyed with Natural Dyes
9.3.3 Water Repellency
9.3.3.1 Water Repellent Finish
9.3.3.2 Mechanism of Water Repellency
9.3.4 Flame Retardant Property
9.3.5 Others
9.4 Conclusion and Future Dimension
References
Chapter 10 Overview on Significant Approaches to Waterless
Dyeing Technology
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Conventional Dyeing and Sustainability Issues
10.3 Waterless Dyeing Techniques
10.4 Airflow Dyeing (Air Dyeing)
10.4.1 Principle of Air-Dyeing
10.4.1.1 Some Specific Benefits of Airflow Dyeing
10.5 Electrochemical Dyeing
10.5.1 Direct Electrochemical Dyeing
10.5.2 Indirect Electrochemical Dyeing
10.5.2.1 Advantages of Electrochemical Dyeing
10.6 Plasma Dyeing
10.7 Supercritical CO[sub(2)] Dyeing
10.7.1 Advantages of SC-CO[sub(2)] Dyeing
10.8 Ultrasonic Dyeing
10.8.1 Equipment for Ultrasonics
10.8.2 Dyeing Process
10.8.2.1 Advantages
10.8.2.2 Disadvantages
10.9 Microwave-Assisted Dyeing
10.10 Comparison between Conventional and Waterless Dyeing Techniques
10.10.1 Conventional Dyeing
10.10.2 Waterless Dyeing
10.11 Conclusion
References
Chapter 11 Nonaqueous Dyeing of Textile Materials
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Nonaqueous Dyeing of Textiles
11.2.1 Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (Sc-CO[sub(2)]) Dyeing
11.2.2 Nonaqueous Solvent Dyeing
11.3 Conclusion and Future Outlook
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 12 Plasma Technology for Textile Coloration: Solutions for Green Dyeing of Textiles
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Plasma Technology in Coloration
12.3 Different Types of Plasma
12.4 Effect of Plasma Treatment on Coloration of Textiles
12.5 Dyeing of Plasma-Treated Textiles
12.5.1 Cotton
12.5.2 Wool
12.5.3 Silk
12.5.4 Polyester
12.6 Hurdles of Using Plasma in the Textile Industry
12.7 Conclusion and Future Scope
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 13 Plasma Technology in Processing of Textile Materials
13.1 Introduction
13.1.1 Types and Characteristics of Plasma
13.2 Influence of Substrate Structures on Plasma Processing
13.3 Yarn and Fabric Manufacturing
13.4 Fabric Preparation
13.5 Dyeing and Printing
13.6 Functional Finishing
13.7 Effects of Plasma Treatment on Properties
13.8 Conclusion
References
Chapter 14 State of the Art Colorization Techniques in Textile Industry
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Nanotechnology
14.2.1 Nanosized Pigment Particle Applications
14.2.2 Nanocomposites
14.3 Electrochemical Coloration
14.3.1 Indirect Electrochemical Reduction
14.3.2 Direct Electrochemical Reduction
14.4 Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Coloration
14.4.1 Theoretical Background
14.4.2 Coloration Approaches
14.5 Plasma Technology
14.5.1 Coloration of Plasma-Treated Polyester Fibers
14.5.2 Coloration of Plasma-Treated Wool Fibers
14.5.3 Coloration of Plasma-Treated Cotton Fibers
14.6 Ultrasonics
14.6.1 Ultrasonic-Assisted Coloration of Natural Fibers
14.6.2 Ultrasonic-Assisted Coloration of Synthetic Fibers
14.7 Microwave
14.8 Conclusion
References
Index