Radiologists in emergency department settings are uniquely positioned to identify and provide effective, appropriate care to vulnerable patient populations. Emergency Imaging of At-Risk Patients fills a void in the literature by illustrating challenges in emergency and trauma imaging of vulnerable patients using a head-to-toe approach. Drawing on the vast clinical experience of emergency and trauma radiologists from the largest academic medical centers across North America, this reference presents basic and advanced emergency imaging concepts, relevant case studies, current controversies and protocols, and subtle imaging findings that help guide clinicians to efficient and accurate diagnoses and treatments.
Provides a comprehensive, evidence-based approach to imaging of non-traumatic and traumatic emergencies in at-risk patients.
Covers acute brain, thoracic, abdominal, and musculoskeletal conditions, including the unique challenges of imaging pregnant, geriatric, bariatric, cancer, immunocompromised, and pediatric patients, as well as patients using recreational drugs.
Describes specific applications of ultrasound, MRI, radiography, and multidetector computed tomography (MDCT).
Reviews recent imaging-related clinical literature and appropriate criteria and guidelines.
A valuable tool for emergency and general radiologists, as well as pediatricians, obstetricians, gynecologists, orthopedic, trauma surgeons, and trainees in all specialties.
Enhanced eBook version included with purchase. Your enhanced eBook allows you to access all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices.
Author(s): Michael N. Patlas
Edition: 1
Publisher: Elsevier
Year: 2022
Language: English
Commentary: TRUE PDF
Tags: Radiology; Emergency Trauma Imaging; Diagnostic Imaging; Emergency Medicine
Cover
Emergency Imaging of At-Risk Patients
Foreword
Bibliography
Copyright
Confidence is ClinicalKey
Contents
Contributors
Preface
Any screen. Any time. Anywhere.
1 Emergency Imaging of At-Risk Patients: General Principles
Introduction
Geriatric Patients
Cancer and Immunocompromised Patients
Pregnant Patients
Bariatric Patients
Patients With Drug Abuse
Pediatric Patients
Conclusion
References
2 Neurological Emergencies in Geriatric Patients
Key Points
Introduction
Intracranial Hemorrhage
Subdural Hematoma
Epidural Hematoma
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Intraparenchymal Hemorrhage
Traumatic
Hypertensive
Amyloid Angiopathy
Cerebral Venous Thrombosis
Malignancies and Metastases
Infarct
Central Nervous System Infections
Brain
Meningitis
Encephalitis
Intracranial Abscess
Device-Related Infection
Spine
Pyogenic Spondylodiscitis
Tuberculous Spondylodiscitis
Nonvestibular Dizziness
Vertigo
Seizures
Altered Mental Status
Dizziness and Vertigo
Syncope
Conclusion
References
3 Neurological Emergencies in Cancer and Immunocompromised Patients
Key Points
Introduction
Imaging Approach
Tumor-Related Complications
Tumoral Hemorrhage
Hydrocephalus
Complications Related to Immunosuppression
Infections
CD8 Encephalitis
Vascular
Hematologic Disorders
Metabolic
Osmotic Demyelination
Wernicke’s Encephalopathy
Treatment-Related Complications
Drug-Induced
Radiation-Induced
Other Intracranial Conditions
Seizures and Status Epilepticus
Paraneoplastic Encephalitis
Spinal Complications
Metastatic Spinal Cord Compression
Spinal Infection
Paraneoplastic Myelitis and Radiculoneuritis
Conclusion
References
4 Chest Emergencies in Pregnant Patients
Key Points
Introduction
Imaging Approach
Cardiac Complications
Heart Failure
Clinical Manifestations
Imaging Manifestations
Peripartum Cardiomyopathy
Clinical Presentation
Imaging Manifestations
Aortic Dissection and Aortopathies
Clinical Manifestations
Imaging
Acute Coronary Syndrome and Myocardial Infarction
Clinical Manifestations
Imaging
Mechanical Valve Thrombosis
Clinical Manifestations
Imaging
Pulmonary
Pulmonary Embolism
Clinical Manifestations
Imaging
Pneumonia and Aspiration
Clinical Manifestations
Imaging
Amniotic Fluid Embolism
Clinical Manifestations
Imaging Manifestations
Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia and Arteriovenous Malformations
Clinical Manifestations
Imaging
Noncardiogenic Edema
Clinical Manifestations
Imaging
Pneumothorax and Pneumomediastinum
Clinical Manifestations
Imaging
Conclusion
References
5 Abdominal Emergencies in Cancer and Immunocompromised Patients
Key Points
Introduction
Approach to Cancer and Immunocompromised Patients With Abdominal Pain
Vascular Complications
Tumor and Organ-Specific Complications
Hepatobiliary System
Genitourinary System
Gastrointestinal Tract
Vascular System
Nervous System
Treatment-Related Complications
Pulmonary Treatment-Related Complications
Hepatobiliary Treatment-Related Complications
Gastrointestinal Treatment-Related Complications
Genitourinary Treatment-Related Complications
Vascular Treatment-Related Complications
Abnormal Fluid Accumulation
Osseous Treatment-Related Complications
Pitfalls for Radiologists to Avoid
Conclusion
References
6 Nontraumatic Abdominal Emergencies in Pregnant Patients
Key Points
Introduction
Gastrointestinal Pathologies
Acute Appendicitis
Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Small Bowel Obstruction
Diverticulitis
Epiploic Appendagitis
Hepatobiliary Pathologies
Gallstone Disease
Acute Pancreatitis
Hemolysis, Elevated Liver Enzymes, And Low Platelet Count Syndrome
Genitourinary Pathologies
Nephrolithiasis
Acute Pyelonephritis
Ovarian Torsion
Uterine Leiomyoma
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Endometriosis
Obstetrics Pathologies
Ectopic Pregnancy
Uterine Rupture
Conclusion
References
7 Abdominal Trauma in Pregnant Patients
Introduction
Clinical Management of the Pregnant Trauma Patient
Imaging of the Pregnant Trauma Patient
General Principles
Ultrasound
Conventional Radiography And Computed Tomography
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Imaging of the Gravid Uterus and Placenta
Imaging of Pregnancy-Specific Injuries
Placental Abruption
Uterine Rupture And Penetrating Injury
Additional Obstetrical Injuries
Ectopic Pregnancy and Trauma
Imaging of Nonobstetric Injuries
Conclusion
References
8 Abdominal Emergencies in Bariatric Patients
Key Points
Introduction
Presurgical Imaging and Workup
Types of Commonly Performed Surgeries
Imaging Modalities and Protocols
General Complications
Collections
Bowel Obstruction
Suture Dehiscence or Leak
Surgical Procedures and Associated Complications
Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Band
Anatomy and Technique
Imaging Follow-Up and Evaluation
Complications
Band Slippage
Band Migration
Concentric Pouch Dilatation
Concentric Dilatation Secondary to Stomal Stenosis
Concentric Dilatation Without Stomal Stenosis
Sleeve Gastrectomy
Anatomy and Technique
Imaging Appearance and Complications
Gastric Dilatation
Stricture or Gastric Outlet Obstruction
Suture Dehiscence
Gastric Leak
Roux-En-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery
Preoperative Workup
Surgical Technique and Anatomy
Imaging Evaluation and Complications
Leaks
Suture Breakdown or Dehiscence
Small Bowel Obstruction
Internal Hernia
Intussusception
Marginal/Perianastomotic Ulcer
Candy Cane Syndrome
Duodenal Switch/Biliopancreatic Diversion
Anatomy and Technique
Imaging Evaluation and Complications
Bowel Obstruction
Anastomotic Leak
Hernia
Unintentional Ligature of the Bile Duct
Conclusion
References
9 Abdominal Emergencies in Geriatric Patients
Introduction
Technical Considerations
Computed Tomography
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Contrast Considerations
Clinical Considerations by Organ System
Lower Chest
Gastrointestinal
Hepatobiliary
Pancreas
Genitourinary
Vascular
Multisystem
Conclusion
References
10 Imaging of Musculoskeletal Infections Related to Recreational Drug Use
Introduction
Soft Tissue Infections
Cellulitis
Abscess
Inclusion Cyst
Pyomyositis
Necrotizing Fasciitis
Infectious Tenosynovitis
Chondritis
Bone and Joint Infections
Osteomyelitis
Discitis
Septic Arthritis
Vertebral Body Infection
Vascular Infections
Mycotic Aneurysm
Conclusion
References
11 Emergency Department Neuroimaging for the Sick Child
Introduction
Imaging Techniques
Traumatic Brain Injury
Scalp Injury
Skull Fractures
Growing Skull Fracture
Imaging Pitfalls
Imaging Requisites
Reporting Checklist
Extraaxial Hemorrhage
Epidural Hematoma
Subdural Hematoma
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Imaging Pitfalls
Imaging Requisites
Reporting Checklist
Intraaxial Injury
Cortical Contusions
Diffuse Axonal Injury
Abusive Head Trauma
Imaging Pitfalls
Imaging Requisites
Reporting Checklist
Pediatric Stroke
Acute Ischemic Stroke
Cerebral Sinovenous Thrombosis
Imaging Findings
Imaging Pitfalls
Stroke Mimics
Imaging Requisites
Reporting Checklist
Nontraumatic Intracranial Hemorrhage
Imaging Findings
Imaging Pitfalls
Imaging Requisites
Reporting Checklist
Infections
Meningitis
Encephalitis
Brain Abscess
Tuberculosis
Sars-Cov-2
Imaging Pitfalls
Imaging Requisites
Reporting Checklist
Hydrocephalus
New-Onset Hydrocephalus
Hydrocephalus Due to Shunt Malfunction
Imaging Pitfalls
Imaging Requisites
Reporting Checklist
New-Onset Afebrile Seizure
Imaging Requisites
Imaging Pitfalls
Reporting Checklist
Headache
I
maging Requisites
Imaging Pitfalls
Reporting Checklist
Acute Encephalopathy
Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy
Toxic-Metabolic
Neonatal Hypoglycemia
Autoimmune
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome
Imaging Requisites
Imaging Pitfalls
Reporting Checklist
Conclusion
References
12 Emergency Department Body Imaging for the Sick Child
Abdominal Emergencies in Young Children
Malrotation And Midgut Volvulus
Epidemiology
Clinical Features
Diagnostic Investigations
Midgut Volvulus
Summary
Intussusception
Epidemiology
Clinical Features
Diagnostic Investigations
Summary
Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis
Epidemiology
Clinical Features
Diagnostic Investigations
Summary
Foreign Body Inhalatio
n
Epidemiology
Clinical Features
Diagnostic Investigations
Summary
Foreign Body Ingestio
n
Epidemiology
Esophageal Impaction
Clinical Features
Diagnostic Investigations
Foreign Body Distal to the Esophagus
Clinical Features
Diagnostic Investigations
Foreign Bodies That Require Special Attention
Batteries
Magnets
Sharp Objects
Bezoars
Summary
Pediatric Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department With Malfunctioning Tubes and Lines
Gastrotomy And Gastrojejunostomy Tubes
Dislodged Tubes
Malpositioned Gastrojejunostomy Tubes
Tube Obstruction
Central Lines
Nephrostomy Tubes
Imaging of Pediatric Nonaccidental Traum
a
Introduction
Epidemiology
Clinical Features
Fractures
Imaging Findings
Classic Metaphyseal Lesions
Rib Fractures
Long Bone Fractures
Diagnostic Investigations
Dating Fractures
Intraabdominal Injuries
Diagnostic Investigations
Imaging Findings
Conclusion
References
Index
