The Standard Model of elementary particle physics was tentatively outlined in the early 1970s. The concepts of quarks, leptons, neutrinos, gauge symmetries, chiral interactions, Higgs boson, strong force, weak force, and electromagnetism were all put together to form a unifying theory of elementary particles. Furthermore, the model was developed within the context of relativistic quantum field theory, making it compatible with all of the laws of Einstein's Special Relativity. The successes of the Standard Model over the years have been tremendous and enduring, leading up to the recent discovery and continuing study of the Higgs boson.
This book is a comprehensive and technical introduction to Standard Model physics. Martin and Wells provide readers who have no prior knowledge of quantum field theory or particle physics a firm foundation into the fundamentals of both. The emphasis is on obtaining practical knowledge of how to calculate cross-sections and decay rates. There is no better way to understand the necessary abstract knowledge and solidify its meaning than to learn how to apply it to the computation of observables that can be measured in a laboratory.
Beginning graduate students, both experimental and theoretical, and advanced undergraduate students interested in particle physics, will find this to be an ideal one-semester textbook to begin their technical learning of elementary particle physics.
Author(s): Stephen P. Martin, James D. Wells
Series: Graduate Texts in Physics
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 361
City: Cham
Preface
Contents
1 Introduction
1.1 Fundamental Forces
1.2 Resonances, Widths, and Lifetimes
1.3 Leptons and Quarks
1.4 Hadrons
1.5 Decays and Branching Ratios
2 Special Relativity and Lorentz Transformations
2.1 Lorentz Transformations
2.2 Relativistic Kinematics
2.3 Tensors and Lorentz Invariant Quantities
2.4 Maxwell's Equations and Electromagnetism
3 Relativistic Quantum Mechanics of Single Particles
3.1 Klein-Gordon and Dirac Equations
3.2 Solutions of the Dirac Equation
3.3 The Weyl Equation
3.4 Majorana Fermions
4 Field Theory and Lagrangians
4.1 The Field Concept and Lagrangian Dynamics
4.2 Quantization of Free Scalar Field Theory
4.3 Quantization of Free Dirac Fermion Field Theory
4.4 Scalar Field with φ4 Coupling
4.5 Scattering Processes and Cross-Sections
4.6 Scalar Field with φ3 Coupling
4.7 Feynman Rules
5 Quantum Electro-Dynamics (QED)
5.1 QED Lagrangian and Feynman Rules
5.2 Electron-Positron Scattering
5.2.1 e-e+ rightarrowµ-µ+
5.2.2 e-e+ rightarrowf overlinef.
5.2.3 Helicities in e-e+ rightarrowµ- µ+
5.2.4 Bhabha Scattering (e-e+ rightarrowe- e+)
5.3 Crossing Symmetry
5.3.1 e- µ+ rightarrowe- µ+ and e- µ- rightarrowe- µ-
5.3.2 Møller Scattering (e- e- rightarrowe- e-)
5.4 Gauge Invariance in Feynman Diagrams
5.5 External Photon Scattering
5.5.1 Compton Scattering (γe- rightarrowγe-)
5.5.2 e+ e- rightarrowγγ
6 Decay Processes
6.1 Decay Rates and Partial Widths
6.2 Two-Body Decays
6.3 Scalar Decays to Fermion-Antifermion Pairs: Higgs Decay
6.4 Three-Body Decays
7 Fermi Theory of Weak Interactions
7.1 Weak Nuclear Decays
7.2 Muon Decay
7.3 Corrections to Muon Decay
7.4 Inverse Muon Decay (e- νµrightarrowνe µ-)
7.5 e- overlineνe rightarrowµ- overlineνµ
7.6 Charged Currents and πpm Decay
7.7 Unitarity, Renormalizability, and the W Boson
8 Quantum Chromo-Dynamics (QCD)
8.1 Groups and Representations
8.2 The Yang-Mills Lagrangian and Feynman Rules
8.3 QCD Lagrangian and Feynman Rules
8.4 Scattering of Quarks and Gluons
8.4.1 Quark-Quark Scattering (qq rightarrowqq)
8.4.2 Gluon-Gluon Scattering (gg rightarrowgg)
8.5 Renormalization
8.6 Parton Distribution Functions and Hadron-Hadron Scattering
8.7 Top-Antitop Production in poverlineP and pp Collisions
8.8 Kinematics in Hadron-Hadron Scattering
8.9 Drell-Yan Scattering (ell+ell- Production in Hadron collisions)
9 Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking
9.1 Global Symmetry Breaking
9.2 Local Symmetry Breaking and the Higgs Mechanism
9.3 Goldstone's Theorem and the Higgs Mechanism in General
10 The Standard Electroweak Model
10.1 SU(2)L timesU(1)Y Representations and Lagrangian
10.2 The Standard Model Higgs Mechanism
10.3 Fermion Masses and Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa Mixing
10.4 Neutrino Masses and the Seesaw Mechanism
10.5 The Higgs Boson Discovery
10.5.1 Higgs Boson Decays Revisited
10.5.2 Higgs Boson Production at the LHC
10.5.3 Discovery Through γγ and 4ell Final States
11 Neutral Meson Mixing
11.1 Neutral Kaons, D mesons and B mesons
11.2 Neutral Kaon Mixing
11.3 CP Eigenstates
11.4 Neutral Kaon Oscillations and Lifetimes
11.5 Neutral Kaon Decay to Pions
11.6 Direct CP Violation in Kaon Decay
11.7 Neutral Kaon Decays to Leptons
11.8 KL-KS Mass Difference
12 Neutrinos
12.1 Neutrino Sources
12.1.1 Solar Neutrinos
12.1.2 Supernova Neutrinos
12.1.3 Atmospheric Neutrinos
12.1.4 Reactor and Accelerator Neutrino Sources
12.2 Neutrino Propagation Through Vacuum
12.2.1 Two-Generation Neutrino Oscillations
12.2.2 Three-Generation Neutrino Propagation
12.3 Neutrino Propagation Through Matter
12.4 Detecting Neutrinos
12.5 Direct Limits on Neutrino Masses
12.6 Neutrino Properties and Future Goals
A Appendix
A.1 Natural Units and Conversions
A.2 Dirac Spinor Formulas
A.3 Further Reading
Index
