Sponsored by the Frozen Ground Committee of the Cold Regions Engineering Division of ASCE
Electrical Phenomena During Freezing of Water and Soils reviews the early observations of the generation of charges and electrical potentials developed during freezing of water, dilute aqueous solutions, and moist soils. Beginning with a description of the early observations of natural phenomena, such as lightning and thunderstorms, and the effects of these on aircraft flying through thunderclouds, the book describes the early laboratory measurements carried out to understand the physical processes behind charge separation and generation of high voltages at the freezing interface. The review concludes with examples of field studies and proposes the need to continue the studies to use the method as a geophysical tool to study the freezing of ground in cold regions.
Topics include
Early observations and laboratory measurements,
Freezing potentials,
Electrical potentials during freezing/thawing,
Studies done by the National Research Council Canada and Carleton University,
Calculations of charge concentration, and
Geophysical methods used in permafrost investigations.
This valuable resource provides historical observations and data collected into one concise volume. It encourages future researchers to continue this work in a more systematic way. It will be useful for undergraduate and graduate students who wish to pursue a career in cold regions engineering, and for scientists and engineers working on the design of buildings, storage facilities, pipelines, and other infrastructure in cold regions.
Author(s): V. R. (Sivan) Parameswaran
Publisher: ASCE Press
Year: 2023
Language: English
Pages: 158
City: Reston
Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Preface
About the Historic Images
Acknowledgments
Chapter 1: Introduction
Chapter 2: Early Observations of Electrical Phenomena in Nature
2.1 Definition of the Phenomenon
2.2 How the Problem Was Initiated in the Early 1950s
2.2.1 Historical Background
2.2.2 Charge Separation Mechanisms in Clouds
2.2.3 Electrical Charges Associated with Clouds
References
Chapter 3: Early Observations
3.1 How Do These Values Relate to the Potentials That Developed?
References
Chapter 4: Early Measurements
References
Chapter 5: Early Laboratory Measurements in Water and Dilute Solutions
References
Chapter 6: Measurements in Pure Water
References
Chapter 7: Freezing Potentials in Aqueous Solutions
References
Chapter 8: Freezing Potential Measurements in Soils
References
Chapter 9: Scope of the Studies of Electrical Potentials during Freezing/Thawing
References
Chapter 10: Description of the Work Done in the National Research Council Canada, Ottawa
Appendix A: Experimental Setup in NRCC Laboratories
Appendix B: Laboratory Experiments in Moist Soils
Appendix C: Explanation of the Reversal of Potentials While Freezing
References
Chapter 11: Freeze–Thaw Studies at Carleton University, Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences
References
Chapter 12: Field Studies
12.1 Illisarvik Site
12.2 Inuvik Site
References
Chapter 13: Results and Discussions of Field Studies
13.1 Illisarvik Site
13.2 Inuvik Site
References
Chapter 14: Field Studies of EFP in Freezing Lakes in Inuvik
References
Chapter 15: Results from Lake Studies in Inuvik: Upland and Delta Lakes
Reference
Chapter 16: Concluding Remarks
How It Works
Scientific Use
Justification for Continuing Investigations on Electrical Potentials and Other Electro-Kinetic Phenomena Occurring during Freezing of Soils and Solutions
Reference
Bibliography
Appendix A: Background: Basic Information of Potential Measurements
Ground
Coulomb’s Law
Electric Flux and Gauss’s Law
Charge Transport and Electric Current
Reference
Appendix B: Calculations of Charge Concentration at a Metal/Dielectric Interface and Force of Adhesion
References
Appendix C: Geophysical Methods Used in Permafrost Investigations
Electrical Methods
C.1 Electrical Resistivity
C.2 Galvanic Resistivity Data
C.3 Surface Geophysical Methods
C.4 Time-Domain Reflectometry in Permafrost
C.4A Principles of Time-Domain Reflectometry Measurements
C.4B Ground-Penetrating Radar
References
Index
