The importance of electric arc furnace steelmaking is evident from the escalated world production seen in steel industry. This book presents systematic and complete details on the current state of knowledge about metallurgical processes carried out in the electric arc furnace. It includes principles of construction of electric arc furnaces, applied construction solutions, and their operations (together with auxiliary/supportive devices). Modern technologies of melting of various grades steel are detailed, considering the participation of secondary metallurgy including theoretical backgrounds of chemical processes and reactions. It contains theoretical analysis and results of laboratory, model, and industrial tests.
Features:
- Covers the practical aspects of electric arc furnace steelmaking including technological process.
- Discusses the operation issues of an electric arc furnace in a technical and technological context.
- Presents a systematic and complete knowledge about relevant construction solutions and metallurgical processes.
- Includes practical industrial benchmark indicators in the scope of equipment and technology.
- Analyses practical case studies from industry.
This book aims at researchers, professionals and graduate students in Metallurgical Engineering, Materials Science, Electric Power Supply, Environmental Engineering, and Mechanical Engineering.
Author(s): Miroslaw Karbowniczek
Publisher: CRC Press
Year: 2021
Language: English
Pages: 262
City: Boca Raton
Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Preface
Author
Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 Characteristics of Steel Electrometallurgy
1.2 Historical Development of Electric Furnace Design
1.3 Development of the Design of Modern Electric Arc Furnaces
1.4 Development of Electric Arc Furnace Practice
References
Chapter 2 Layout of an Electric Furnace Shop
Reference
Chapter 3 Construction of Electric Arc Furnaces
3.1 Shape and Dimensions of the Reaction Chamber
3.2 Furnace Shell
3.3 Furnace Refractory Lining
3.3.1 Bottom Refractory Lining
3.3.2 Wall Refractory Lining
3.4 Water-Cooled Wall Design
3.4.1 Water-Cooling Side Panel Systems
3.4.2 Layered Cooling System
3.4.3 Cast Iron and Steel Water-Cooled Blocks with Cast-In Steel Pipes
3.4.4 Tubular Cooling System
3.4.5 Principles of Cooling System Engineering
3.5 Design and Structure of the Roof
3.6 Mechanical Equipment
3.6.1 Electrode Holding Equipment
3.6.2 Furnace Control Cabin
References
Chapter 4 Electric Equipment of EAFs
4.1 Power Supply System
4.2 Disconnect Switch and Furnace Operating Switch
4.3 Furnace Transformer
4.3.1 The Principles of Alternating Current Transformation
4.3.2 Design of Furnace Transformers
4.4 Secondary Circuit
4.5 Instrument Transformers
4.6 Induction Stirrer
4.7 Optimal Operating Conditions of the EAF Power Supply System
4.7.1 Characteristics of the Electric Arc
4.7.2 Power Controllers for the EAF Power Supply System
4.7.2.1 Thyristor Power Controllers
4.7.2.2 Hydraulic Power Controllers
4.7.3 Optimization of the Power Input
4.8 Impact of Electric Arc Furnace Operation on the Electrical Energy Quality
References
Chapter 5 Auxiliary Equipment
5.1 Oxy-Fuel Burners
5.2 Manipulator
5.3 Post-Combustion Lances
References
Chapter 6 Graphite Electrodes
6.1 Production of Electrodes and Their Properties
6.2 Electrode Consumption
6.2.1 Wear of the Electrode Tip
6.2.2 Wear of Side Surface of the Electrode
6.2.3 Other Reasons for Electrode Consumption
6.3 Influence of the Operating Parameters and Steelmaking Conditions on Electrode Consumption
References
Chapter 7 Environmental Protection Systems
7.1 Protection Against Gases and Dusts
7.2 Gas Capture System
7.3 Modeling of the System of Off-Gas Capture from the Electric Arc Furnace
7.4 Comprehensive Furnace Housing System
7.5 Use of Waste Gas Thermal Energy to Heat Up Scrap
References
Chapter 8 Charge Materials
8.1 Steel Scrap
8.2 Direct Reduced Iron (DRI)
8.3 Crude Iron
8.4 Ferroalloys and Technical Metals
8.5 Slag-Forming Materials
8.6 Oxidizing and Carburizing Materials
References
Chapter 9 Steel Production Technique in Arc Furnaces
9.1 Fettling
9.2 Charge Composition Principles
9.3 Charge Loading
9.4 Meltdown Period
9.4.1 Energy-Related Aspects
9.4.2 Oxidation of Metal Bath Components
9.5 Oxidation Period
9.5.1 Carbon Oxidation
9.5.2 Sulfur Removal
9.5.3 Gas Removal
9.6 Refining Period
9.7 Tapping
9.8 Role of Slag
9.8.1 Functions and Properties of Slag during the Steelmaking Process in an Electric Arc Furnace
9.8.2 Slag Foaming Practice
References
Chapter 10 Mass and Heat Balances
10.1 Mass Balance
10.2 Example of a Mass Balance of an Electric Arc Furnace Steelmaking Process
10.3 Heat Balance
10.4 Example of a Heat Balance of an Electric Arc Furnace Steelmaking Process
References
Index
