Eco-Friendly Corrosion Inhibitors: Principles, Designing and Applications

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Contents
Contributors
Preface
Part 1 - Overview of industrial corrosion and inhibition
CHAPTER 1 - General principles of industrial corrosion
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Materials in industrial applications
1.3 General principles or theories of industrial corrosion
1.4 Different types of corrosion in industries
1.4.1 General or uniform corrosion
1.4.2 Galvanic/bimetallic corrosion
1.4.3 Crevice corrosion
1.4.4 Pitting corrosion
1.4.5 Intergranular corrosion
1.4.6 Stress corrosion cracking
1.4.7 Corrosion fatigue
1.4.8 Erosion corrosion
1.4.9 Selective leaching
1.4.10 Fretting corrosion
1.4.11 Microbiologically influenced corrosion
1.5 Corrosion of metal in industries
1.5.1 Corrosion of metal by water
1.5.2 Specific use of metal in industries
References
CHAPTER 2 - Corrosion prevention and protection methods
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Important considerations required for the corrosion prevention and control methods
2.2.1 Design considerations
2.2.2 Material selection considerations
2.2.3 Processing/manufacturing considerations
2.2.4 Preventive maintenance considerations
2.2.5 Monitoring/inspection considerations
2.3 Strategies of the corrosion prevention and control methods
2.4 Methods of corrosion control
2.4.1 Proper selection of materials
2.4.2 Environmental modification
2.4.3 Cathodic protection
2.4.3.1 Impressed current method
2.4.3.2 Sacrificial anode method
2.4.4 Anodic protection
2.4.5 Coating, linings, and nonmetallic piping
2.4.5.1 Organic coatings
2.4.5.2 Inorganic coatings
2.4.5.3 Metallic coatings
2.4.6 Use of corrosion inhibitors
2.4.6.1 Anodic inhibitors
2.4.6.2 Cathodic inhibitors
Conclusion
Acknowledgment
Useful books
Useful websites
References
chapter 3 - Development process for eco-friendly corrosion inhibitors
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Process for development of eco-friendly synthesizing corrosion inhibitors
3.3 Process for development of eco-friendly extracting corrosion inhibitors
3.3.1 Solvents for extraction
3.3.2 Extraction temperature
3.3.3 Plant drying temperature
Conclusion
References
Part 2 - Industrial environments & corrosion inhibitors
Chapter4 - Acidizing corrosion inhibitors
4.1 Introduction of acidizing corrosion inhibitors
4.2 Acidizing inorganic corrosion inhibitor
4.3 Acidizing organic corrosion inhibitor
4.4 New acidizing corrosion inhibitor
4.4.1 Acidizing chemical drug corrosion inhibitor
4.4.2 Acidizing amino acid corrosion inhibitor
4.4.3 Acidizing ionic liquid corrosion inhibitor
4.4.4 Acidizing plant extract corrosion inhibitor
Conclusion
References
Chapter 5 - Corrosion inhibitors used in alkaline environments
5.1 Corrosion inhibitor used for alkaline metal-air battery
5.1.1 Introduction of corrosion inhibitors alkaline battery
5.1.2 Inorganic corrosion inhibitor
5.1.3 Organic corrosion inhibitors
5.1.4 Hybrid corrosion inhibitors
5.2 Corrosion inhibitors for rebar in concrete reinforcement
5.3 Corrosion inhibitors in other alkaline media
Summary and outlook
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 6 - Corrosion inhibitors in near neutral media
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Metals corrosion and their inhibition in a neutral environment
6.3 Heterocyclic corrosion inhibitors for neutral environments
6.3.1 Inhibitors for aluminum (Al)
6.3.2 Inhibitors for copper (Cu)
6.3.2.1 Pyrazoles
6.3.2.2 Imidazoles
6.3.2.3 Triazoles
Acknowledgment
References
CHAPTER 7 - Supramolecular corrosion inhibitors for cooling water systems
7.1 Introduction to supramolecular corrosion inhibitors
7.1.1 Supramolecular chemistry
7.1.2 Supramolecular chemistry in corrosion science
7.2 Preparation of supramolecular corrosion inhibitors via molecular recognition and self-assembly
7.2.1 Pretreatment
7.2.2 Supramolecular inclusion
7.2.2.1 Precipitation and coprecipitation (saturated solution method)
7.2.2.2 Grinding
7.2.2.3 Freeze drying
7.2.2.4 Spray drying
7.2.2.5 Liquid-liquid or gaseous-liquid method
7.2.2.6 Solid inclusion method
7.2.3 Postprocessing for supramolecular corrosion inhibitor
7.3 Assembly mechanism of the supramolecular corrosion inhibitor based on CDs
7.3.1 Formation mechanism of the supramolecular corrosion inhibitor based on CDs
7.3.2 Formation thermodynamics of the supramolecular corrosion inhibitor based on CDs
7.4 Characterizations of supramolecular corrosion inhibitors
7.4.1 Stoichiometric ratio (inclusion ratio)
7.4.2 Association constant
7.4.3 Thermal analysis
7.4.4 Infrared spectrometry
7.4.5 Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
7.4.6 Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy
7.4.7 Fluorescence spectroscopy
7.4.8 Circular dichroism spectroscopy
7.4.9 X-ray diffraction
7.4.10 Scanning electron microscope
7.5 Inhibition effect and mechanism of supramolecular corrosion inhibitors
7.5.1 Adsorption mechanism
7.5.1.1 Chemisorption of the supramolecular corrosion inhibitor
7.5.1.2 Physisorption of the supramolecular corrosion inhibitor
7.5.2 Reaction-deposition mechanism
7.6 Supramolecular corrosion inhibitor used in industrial water treatment
7.6.1 Supramolecular corrosion inhibitor used for the condensate water
7.6.2 Supramolecular corrosion inhibitor used for protecting the boiler
7.6.3 Supramolecular corrosion inhibitor used for chemical clean
Conclusions
References
Chapter8 - Corrosion inhibitors for oil and gas systems
8.1 Well acidizing treatments in the oil and gas industry
8.2 Materials used for well construction in the oil and gas industry
8.3 Significance of corrosion and its associated agents in the oil and gas industry
8.4 Corrosion inhibitors and environmental concerns
8.5 Eco-friendly corrosion mitigation in the oil and gas industry
8.6 Developing the corrosion inhibitor formulation
Conclusion
Useful links
References
CHAPTER 9 - Vapor inhibitors for corrosion protection
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Mechanism of VCI action
9.3 Developed VCIs for ferrous and nonferrous metals
9.4 Some important techniques used for corrosion inhibition monitoring
9.5 Advantages of VCIs
9.6 Market growth
9.7 Methods of VCI application
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter10 - Inhibitors for microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC)
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Microorganism species and MIC mechanism
10.2.1 Sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB)
10.2.2 Nitrate-reducing bacterium (NRB)
10.2.3 Iron-oxide bacteria (IOB)
10.2.4 Acid-producing bacteria (APB)
10.2.5 Slime-producing bacteria (SPB)
10.2.6 Other corrosive microorganisms
10.3 MIC inhibitors
10.3.1 Surfactant MIC inhibitors
10.3.2 Heterocyclic MIC inhibitors
10.3.3 Plant extract MIC inhibitors
10.3.4 Other MIC inhibitors
Conclusion
References
Chapter11 - Corrosion inhibitors for Cu chemical mechanical planarization (CMP)
11.1 Benzotriazole (BTA) used for Cu CMP
11.2 1,2,4-triazole (TAZ) used for Cu CMP
11.3 2,2’-[[(methyl-1H-benzotriazol-1-yl) methyl]imino]diethanol (TT-LYK) used for Cu CMP
11.4 Other inhibitors used for Cu CMP
11.5 The synergistic effects of mixed corrosion inhibitor used for Cu CMP
11.5.1 The synergistic effect of TT-LYK and 1, 2, 4-triazole as mixed inhibitors
11.5.2 The synergistic effect of TT-LYK and PO as mixed inhibitors
Conclusions
Useful links
References
Part 3 - Modern environmentally friendly corrosion inhibitor systems
Chapter 12 - Heterocyclic corrosion inhibitors with multianchoring groups
12.1 Introduction
12.1.1 According to their chemical composition
12.1.2 Depending on the electrochemical nature of the process
12.2 Corrosion inhibition review of quinoline derivatives
12.3 Example of a complete study on the use of two heterocyclic inhibitors
12.3.1 Operating mode
12.3.1.1 Solutions preparation
12.3.1.2 Electrochemical conditions
12.3.1.3 Surface characterization
12.3.1.3.1 SEM/EDS
12.3.1.3.2 AFM
12.3.1.3.3 FT-IR
12.3.1.3.4 X-ray diffraction (xrd) analysis
12.3.2 Results
12.3.2.1 Electrochemical study
12.3.2.1.1 Concentration effect
12.3.2.1.1.1 Polarization curve
12.3.2.1.1.2 EIS investigation
12.3.2.1.2 Temperature effect
12.3.2.2 Surface characterization
12.3.2.2.1 SEM/EDS
12.3.2.2.2 AFM analysis
12.3.2.2.3 Infrared spectroscopy
12.3.2.2.4 X-ray diffraction analysis
Conclusion
References
Chapter13 - Pharmaceutical drugs as corrosion inhibitors I
13.1 Introduction
13.2 General overview on drug synthesis and reuse
13.2.1 Drugs’ synthesis and preparation
13.2.2 Expired drugs valorization
13.3 Application of drugs and expired drugs as corrosion inhibitors
Conclusions and future outlook
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 14 - Pharmaceutical drugs as corrosion inhibitors II
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Industrial applications of drugs as corrosion inhibitors
14.3 Experimental section
14.3.1 Weight loss measurement
14.3.2 Adsorption and thermodynamic study
14.3.2.1 Standard free energy
14.3.2.2 Thermodynamic parameters
14.3.2.3 Activation energy calculations
14.3.3 Electrochemical measurements
14.3.3.1 Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
14.3.3.2 Potentiodynamic polarization techniques
14.3.4 Surface morphology
14.3.4.1 Scanning electron microscopy
14.3.4.2 Atomic force microscopy
14.3.5 Theoretical Calculations
14.3.5.1 Quantum chemical calculations
Conclusion
Useful links
References
Chapter15 - Pharmaceutical drugs protecting metals in aggressive environments
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Corrosion inhibitors
15.3 Drugs as corrosion inhibitor: Literature survey
15.3.1 Drugs as corrosion inhibitors for ferrous alloys
15.3.2 Drugs as corrosion inhibitor for nonferrous alloys
15.3.3 Expired drugs as a corrosion inhibitor
15.4 Experimental validation
15.5 Limitations and future directions
Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Useful links
References
Chapter16 - Plant extracts as environmentally sustainable corrosion inhibitors I
16.1 Preparation of plant extracts
16.1.1 Extraction methods
16.1.1.1 Maceration
16.1.1.2 Decoction
16.1.1.3 Heating reflux
16.1.1.4 Soxhlet
16.1.1.5 Sonication
16.1.2 Factors
16.2 Experimental methods of plant extracts
16.2.1 Weight loss measurement
16.2.2 Electrochemical measurements
16.2.2.1 Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)
16.2.2.2 Potentiodynamic polarization curves
16.2.3 Surface analysis
16.2.3.1 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)
16.2.3.2 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)
16.2.3.3 Atomic force microscopy (AFM)
16.2.3.4 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)
16.2.3.5 X-ray diffraction (XRD)
16.2.4 Theoretical calculation
16.2.4.1 Quantum chemical calculation
16.2.4.2 Molecular dynamics simulation
16.3 Mechanism of plant extracts
16.4 Recent advances of plant extracts
16.5 Modification of plant extracts
Summary and outlook
References
Chapter17 - Plant extracts as environmentally sustainable corrosion inhibitors II
17.1 Introduction
17.1.1 Green corrosion inhibitors
17.2 Prominent metrics for extract preparation
17.2.1 Extraction
17.2.1.1 Pre-extraction of plant sample
17.2.1.1.1 Fresh vs. Dried samples
17.2.1.1.2 Grinded vs. Powdered samples
17.2.1.1.3 Air-drying
17.2.1.1.4 Microwave-drying
17.2.1.1.5 Oven-drying
17.2.1.1.6 Freeze-drying
17.2.1.2 Methods of plants extraction
17.3 Plant extract as corrosion inhibitor
17.3.1 Gums as corrosion inhibitors
17.3.2 Essential oil as corrosion inhibitor
17.4 Mode of inhibitor adsorption on substrate
17.4.1 Physisorption
17.4.2 Chemisorption
17.5 Effect of temperature and concentration
17.5.1 Effect of temperature
17.5.2 Effect of concentration
17.6 Techniques to evaluate corrosion inhibition efficiency
17.6.1 Weight loss measurements
17.6.2 Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
17.6.3 Polarization techniques
17.6.4 Computational studies
17.6.4.1 Quantum chemical calculations
17.6.4.2 Molecular dynamic simulation
17.6.5 Surface morphology
17.6.5.1 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)
17.6.5.2 Atomic force microscopy (AFM)
17.7 Advantage and disadvantages of green corrosion inhibitors
17.8 Future outlooks
Conclusion
Useful links
References
Chapter18 - Amino acids and their derivatives as corrosion inhibitor
18.1 Introduction
18.1.1 Background and adverse effect of corrosion
18.1.2 Green corrosion inhibitors
18.2 Classification and properties of amino acids
18.3 Corrosion inhibition mechanism by amino acids
18.4 Literature survey on amino acids and their derivatives
18.5 Challenges and recent progress
Conclusions
Websites related to the topic
References
Chapter19 - Ionic liquids as green and sustainable corrosion inhibitors I
19.1 ILs as environmental-friendly corrosion inhibitors
19.1.1 Eco-friendliness of ILs
19.1.2 Inhibition effectiveness of ILs
19.1.3 Classification of ILs corrosion inhibitors
19.1.4 Properties and applications of ionic liquid
19.2 ILs are corrosion inhibitors for steel materials
19.3 ILs are corrosion inhibitors for copper
19.4 ILs are corrosion inhibitors for magnesium materials
19.5 ILs are corrosion inhibitors for other metallic materials
19.6 Inhibition mechanism of ILs
Conclusions
References
Chapter20 - Ionic liquids as green and sustainable corrosion inhibitors II
20.1 Introduction
20.1.1 Classification of ionic liquids
20.1.1.1 Task specific ionic liquids (TS-ILs)
20.1.1.2 Chiral ionic liquids (C-ILs)
20.1.1.3 Switchable polarity solvent ionic liquids (SPS-ILs)
20.1.1.4 Bioionic liquids (B-ILs)
20.1.1.5 Polyionic liquids (P-ILs)
20.1.1.6 Energetic ionic liquids (E-ILs)
20.1.1.6 Neutral ionic liquids (N-ILs)
20.1.1.7 Protic ionic liquids (Pr-ILs)
20.1.1.8 Metallic ionic liquids (M-ILs)
20.1.1.9 Basic ionic liquids (B-ILs)
20.1.1.10 Supported ionic liquids (S-ILs)
20.1.2 Ionic liquid (IL) based corrosion inhibitors
20.1.3 Applications of ionic liquids
20.2 ILs as corrosion inhibitors
20.3 Techniques for conducting corrosion experiments and deciphering the mechanism of corrosion
20.3.1 Electron impedance spectroscopy
20.3.1.1 Why are reference and counter electrodes used?
20.3.1.2 Complex numbers in impedance
20.3.1.3 Nyquist and Bode plots
20.3.2 Polarization measurements
20.3.3 Thermodynamics of corrosion inhibition attributed to ionic liquids
20.3.4 Adsorption isotherms of ionic liquids
20.3.5 Surface morphological analysis and computational studies
20.4 Contact angle measurements of ionic liquids
20.5 Mechanism for the corrosion inhibitive property of ionic liquids
Conclusion
Useful links
References
Chapter21 - Applications of nanomaterials in corrosion inhibitors
21.1 Introduction
21.2 Nanomaterials and nanocomposites
21.2.1 Nanomaterials
21.2.2 Application of nanomaterials
21.2.3 Nanocomposites
21.3 Nanoparticles as corrosion inhibitors
21.3.1 Metal/metal oxide nanoparticles as corrosion inhibitors
21.3.2 Nanocrystal alloys as corrosion inhibitors
21.3.3 Nanotubes as corrosion inhibitors
21.3.4 Nanofibers as corrosion inhibitors
21.3.5 2D materials
21.3.6 Graphene
21.3.7 Other 2D materials
21.3.8 2D quantum dots
21.4 Important issues related with anticorrosive nanomaterials
References
Part 4 - Emerging trends in corrosion inhibition
Chapter 22 - Modern testing and analyzing techniques in corrosion
22.1 Traditional used corrosion testing techniques
22.1.1 Introduction of corrosion testing techniques
22.1.2 Gravimetric measurements
22.1.3 Electrochemical measurements
22.1.3.1 Open circuit potential
22.1.3.2 Polarization curve
22.1.3.3 Electrochemical impedance
22.1.4 Contact angle analysis
22.1.5 SEM/EDS
22.1.6 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
22.1.7 Atomic force microscope
22.1.8 Fourier transform infrared spectra
22.2 Potential corrosion detection approaches
22.2.1 Electrochemical noise
22.2.2 Scanning electrochemical microscopy
22.2.3 In-situ characterization technologies
22.2.4 Fluorescence spectrometry
Conclusions
References
Chapter23 - Development of high temperature corrosion inhibitors
23.1 Introduction
23.2 Plant extracts
23.2.1 Challenges of using plant extract as CIs
23.3 Ionic liquids
23.3.1 Challenges of using ionic liquid as CIs
23.4 Amino acids
23.5 Carbohydrates
23.5.1 Challenges of using carbohydrates as CIs
23.6 Vegetable oils
23.7 Miscellaneous
Conclusions
Useful links
References
Chapter24 - Smart corrosion inhibitor: Present status and future scenario
24.1 Introduction
24.2 Controlled release inhibitor
24.3 pH-responsive inhibitor
24.3.1 Acid-responsive inhibitor
24.3.2 Alkali-responsive inhibitor
24.3.3 Acid-base dual response inhibitor
24.4 Ion exchange inhibitor
24.5 Other smart inhibitor
Summary and future scenario
References
Chapter 25 - Controllable fabrication of carbon dots based corrosion inhibitors with fluorescence properties
25.1 Corrosion inhibitor used for metal protection
25.1.1 Corrosion inhibitor for metals
25.1.2 Inorganic corrosion inhibitor
25.1.3 Organic corrosion inhibitor
25.1.4 Novel corrosion inhibitor
25.1.5 Potential of carbon dots as corrosion inhibitor
25.2 Introduction of carbon dots
25.2.1 Basic properties of carbon dots
25.2.2 Fluorescence effect
25.2.3 Electronic structure of carbon dots
25.2.4 Crystal of carbon dots
25.3 Synthetic strategies of CDs
25.3.1 Bottom-up methods
25.3.2 Top-down methods
25.3.3 Carbon dots modification and functionalization
25.4 Corrosion inhibition performance of CDs
25.4.1 Corrosion inhibition for metals
25.4.2 Combining with the coating
Conclusions and outlook
Useful links
References
Chapter 26 - Computational methods used in corrosion inhibition research
26.1 Introduction
26.2 Conceptual density functional theory (CDFT)
26.3 Some electronic structure principles and rules for corrosion inhibition research
26.3.1 Electronegativity equalization principle
26.3.2 Hard and soft acid-base (HSAB) and maximum hardness principles
26.3.3 Minimum polarizability principle
26.3.4 Minimum magnetizability principle
26.3.5 Maximum composite hardness rule
26.4 Molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo simulations approaches in corrosion science
26.5 The application of first-principles calculation approach
Conclusions
References
Chapter 27 - Corrosion inhibition strategy: Synergistic effects
27.1 Problems and challenges in the study of synergistic effect of corrosion inhibitors
27.1.1 Problems encountered in corrosion inhibitor research
27.1.2 Opportunities arising from the study of compound corrosion inhibitors
27.2 Advances of synergistic effect
27.2.1 Development of halogen ion compound and corrosion inhibitor mixture
27.2.2 Study on synergistic effect of organic surfactant mixture
27.3 Advances in theoretical research on synergistic effect of corrosion inhibitors
27.3.1 Research based on density functional theory method
27.3.2 Advances in molecular dynamics theory
27.4 Significance and prospect of synergistic effect of corrosion inhibitor
References
Index
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