Drug repurposing is a cost-effective method of discovering new treatments for diseases than traditional drug development methods. It involves virtual screening of chemical candidates with the aid of computational methods like molecular docking.
Drug Repurposing against SARS-CoV2 focuses on current trends in drug repurposing against the novel coronavirus strains. The book aims to give readers an overview of drug repurposing against COVID-19 and various techniques involved in the process. The book consolidates available information on the pathophysiology, drug targets, and drug repurposing against COVID-19 into a single, convenient resource.
Key features
• An up-to-date compilation of the evidence that supports the drug repurposing for COVID-19.
• How to use repurposing of available drugs for disease therapy.
• Provides an improved understanding of pathophysiology and SARS-CoV2 viral entry pathways.
• Provides references for further reading
Author(s): Tabish Qidwai
Publisher: Bentham Science Publishers
Year: 2023
Language: English
Pages: 204
City: Singapore
Cover
Title
Copyright
End User License Agreement
Contents
Foreword
Preface
List of Contributors
Repurposing Drugs: A New Paradigm and Hopes for Life-threatening Diseases
Ruchi Chawla1,*, Varsha Rani1, Krishan Kumar1 and Mohini Mishra1
INTRODUCTION
Drug Repurposing Strategies
Experimental Approaches
Target Associated Screening/Binding Assays to Identify Target Candidate
Phenotype-based Repurposing
Clinical Approaches
Computational Approaches
Re-profiling of Drugs Based on Target / Molecular Docking
Knowledge-based
Signature Based
Pathway Based Repurposing
Target-mechanism-based Repurposing
THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL OF REPURPOSING OF DRUGS FOR LIFE-THREATENING DISEASES
Advantages of Drug Repurposing
Cost and Time Minimization
Accessibility of Information Related to the Drug for Development of Repurposed Drug
Dosing Strength and Frequency
THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL OF REPURPOSED DRUGS FOR THE TREATMENT OF LIFE-THREATENING DISEASES
Tuberculosis
Cancer
Pulmonary Diseases
Cardiac Diseases
Antiviral Infections
Renal Dysfunction
IMPLICATIONS AND IMPORTANCE OF REPURPOSING DRUGS DURING PANDEMIC OUTBREAKS
CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCES
Exploration of Repurposed and Adjuvant Drugs in COVID-19 Patients, as well as Challenges and Ethical Issues Related to Drug Repurposing
Malti Dadheech1 and Anand Kumar Maurya1,*
INTRODUCTION
POTENTIAL CANDIDATES FOR ADJUVANT THERAPY
Vitamin D
Stilbenoids
Curcumin
Zinc (Zn)
Melatonin
Iron Chelators
Vitamin C
CHALLENGES RELATED TO DRUG REPURPOSING
Limited Repository of Drugs
Limited Efficacy of Repurposed Drugs
Regulatory and Patent Considerations
Accessibility of Data and Compound
Uncertainty of Space for Repurposing Drugs
Intellectual Property and Economic Considerations
ETHICAL ISSUES RELATED TO DRUG REPURPOSING
Regional Limitations of Clinical Research Ethics During Emergency Situations
Fairness in Resource Distribution for Repurposed Drugs in Emergency Situations
Involuntary Risk Burden
Regulatory Aspects and Ethical Issues in Drug Repurposing for COVID-19
CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCES
Repurposed Drugs Against SARS-CoV-2 Replication in COVID-19
Kavita Verma1, Yoganchal Mishra1, Sarika Singh2, Neha Kapoor3 and Neelam Yadav1,*
INTRODUCTION
SARS-CoV-2 Genome Structure
SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Pathogenesis
SARS-CoV-2 Genome Replication and Transcription
Repurposed Drugs Against SARS-CoV-2 Replication
Prevention of SARS-CoV-2 Entry into the Host Cell
Nafamostat/Camostat
Umifenovir
Anti-viral Approach by Targeting the SARS-CoV-2 Protease
Lopinavir/Ritonavir
Inhibition of Viral RNA Replicase
Remdesivir
Favipiravir
Ribavirin
Penciclovir
CONCLUSION
FUTURE PERSPECTIVE
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCES
Targeting the Viral Entry Pathways through Repurposed Drugs in Sars-Cov-2 Infection
Manisha Mulchandani1, Amit Kumar Palai1, Anjali Bhosale1, Farhan Mazahir1 and Awesh K. Yadav1,*
INTRODUCTION
DRUG REPURPOSING
Remdesivir
Favipiravir
Lopinavir and Ritonavir
Hydroxychloroquine and Chloroquine
Tocilizumab
Darunavir
Ribavirin
Arbidol
Camostat Mesylate
Nafamostat
Sofosbuvir
Cepharanthine
Nelfinavir
Fluoxetine
Enfuvirtide
Role of Phytochemicals
DRUGS REPURPOSING APPROACHES
Machine Learning-Based
Genetic Association
Retrospecting Clinical Analysis
Structure-Based
Pathway Based
Signature Based
Artificial Intelligence-Based
Experimental Approaches
Target-Based
Binding Assay
Drug-Centric
Phenotype Based
Drug Repurposing Scenarios In Antiviral Drug Discovery
Same Target – New Virus
Same Target New Indication
New Target New Indications
Animal Models In SARS-CoV-2 Repurposing
Limitation of Identified Repurposed Molecules
Personalized Drug Repurposing
CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCES
Repurposed Drugs/Potential Pharmacological Agents Targeting Cytokine Release and Induction of Coagulation in COVID-19
Arpita Singh1,*, #, Ajay Kumar Verma2, Anuj Kumar Pandey2,* and Jyoti Bajpai2,*
INTRODUCTION
MECHANISM OF PATHOGENESIS IN COVID-19
SARS-CoV-2 Structure and Mutation
SARS-CoV-2 Pathogenesis
VARIOUS PRO-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES AS TARGET OF REPURPOSED DRUGS
Cytokines, Types and Cytokine Storm
Cytokines
Cytokine Storm (CS)
COVID-19-associated Cytokine Storm
Pro-inflammatory Cytokines
Interleukins
Transforming Growth Factor (TNF)
Interferons (IFN)
Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF)
Drugs Repurposing
Repurposed Drugs Targeting Pro-inflammatory Cytokines
TARGETING INDUCTION OF COAGULATION IN COVID-19 PATIENTS
COVID-19 Related Coagulopathy
Endothelial Dysfunction and COVID-19
Coagulation Test Analysis
Venous Thromboembolic Prophylaxis
Microvascular Thrombosin
Clinical Interventions for Therapeutic Anticoagulation
CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCES
High Throughput Screening (HTS) Methods for Screening of Known Drugs for COVID-19
Tejal Shreeya1,2 and Tabish Qidwai3,*
INTRODUCTION
High Throughput Screening
Compound Library
Methods of HTS
Biochemical Assays
Radiometric Assays
SPA (Scintillating Proximity Assay)
FlashPlate Assay
Fluorescence Assays
Fluorescence Anisotropy and Fluorescence Polarization (FA/FP)
Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET)
Time Resolves Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (TR-FRET)
Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy
Binding Based Assays
Fragment-based Drug Design (FBDD)
Cell-based Assays
The Cell Viability Assay
Reporter Gene Assay
Second Messenger Assay
Two Hybrid Screening
Protein Fragment Complementation Assay
Ultra High Throughput Screening (uHTS)-
High Content Screening (HCS)
Quantitative High Throughput Screening (qHTS)
HTS METHODS FOR SCREENING OF KNOWN DRUGS AGAINST COVID-19
Plaque Reduction Neutralization Test (PRNT)
Nanoluciferase SARS-CoV-2 Assay
Pseudotyped Particle Entry Assay
In-cell ELISA (icELISA)
TMPRSS2 Biochemical Assay
3CLpro Activity Assay
Cell-based Assay-Fluorescence Microscopy
Other Drugs
Advantages of HTS
Challenges in HTS Technology
Future Perspective
Unmet Needs in Case of Screening
Various Methods used for Target Identification
CONCLUSION
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCES
Drug Repurposing for COVID-19 using Computational Methods
Om Prakash1 and Feroz Khan1,*
INTRODUCTION
CURRENT STATUS OF DRUG-REPURPOSING
Repurposing Through a Drug-drug Interaction Network
Repurposing through a Drug-target Interaction Network
Repurposing Through Drug Pairwise Similarity
Repurposing Through Model Hybridization & Systems Modelling
Validation and Case Study
Repurposing through Electronic Health Records
RECENT ADVANCEMENTS IN AI ALGORITHMS FOR DRUG REPURPOSING
Graph Representation Learning
REPURPOSED-DRUG THERAPIES UNDER INVESTIGATION AGAINST COVID-19
Therapy Targeting Virus
Therapy Targeting Host
Therapy through Drug Combinations
CHALLENGES IN RE-INSIGHT FOR DRUG REPURPOSING
Challenges in Data Sharing and Security
PERSONALISED AND AI-GUIDED REPURPOSING
CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
Subject Index
Back Cover
