Sakiko Kanbara; Founder of EpiNurse Incorporated, which won the Risk Award the 2017 Global Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction, and professor at University of Kochi, mandated as a board member of the Japan Society of Disaster Nursing, member of Science Council of Japan. She received her BS and MS in Health Science from Kobe University and her Ph.D. from the Department of Public Health and International Health, Okayama University.
She earned her place as a researcher at the Research Institute of Nursing Care for People and Community, WHO Collaboration Center for Nursing in Disasters and Health Emergency, University of Hyogo. She has developed new courses for Doctoral Degree Course for Disaster Nursing Global Leadership Program at the University of Kochi, Japan since 2012.
Research interests include disaster nursing, primary healthcare, and health informatics. She received a Special Innovation Award from the Ash Center for Democratic Governance and Innovation, Harvard Kennedy School as a designer of Participatory Caring Map After Flooding in West Japan 2018.
Shoko Miyagawa received her B.A. in Economics and Master of Business Administration and Accounting from Hitotsubashi University and Ph.D. in Media and Governance from Keio University. She also received her Master of Science in Health Informatics from School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas in 2013. Since 2006 she has been an Associate Professor in Faculty of Nursing and Medical Care, Keio University. Her research interest includes health informatics and disaster informatics. She drives the FabNurse Project, a research project to develop and deliver 3D printed care tools. She is the representative of IT DART, a disaster response team of IT professionals and provides various kind of IT support in the event of disaster.
Hiroyuki Miyazaki received a B.A. in environmental information from Keio University, Kanagawa, Japan, in 2006, and M.E.S. and Ph.D. degrees in environmental studies from The University of Tokyo, Japan, in 2008 and 2011, respectively. From 2011 to 2012, he was a JSPS Postdoctoral Fellow with the Center for Spatial Information Science, The University of Tokyo. Since 2012, he had been a researcher with the Earth Observation Data Integration and Fusion Research Initiative, The University of Tokyo, as well as a secondee at the Asian Development Bank, Philippines. Since 2016, he has been the Project Assistant Professor with the Center for Spatial Information Science, The University of Tokyo, and was seconded to the Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand. Since August 2020, he was appointed as a technical advisor in GLODAL, Inc. and since June 2021 as the President to serve for R&D and human resource development in space utilization, AI, and IoT. His research interests include geospatial information science, satellite remote sensing for socioeconomics, and applications to sustainable development.
Author(s): Sakiko Kanbara; Shoko Miyagawa; Hiroyuki Miyazaki
Series: Sustainable Development Goals Series
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 334
City: Singapore
Preface
Contents
Part I: Global Health and Care for Disaster Risk Reduction
1: Disaster Nursing Innovation for Sustainable Community
1.1 History of Disaster Nursing
1.2 Paradigm Change After Great East Japan Earthquake 2011
1.3 Request to Disaster and Nursing on Global Agenda on 2015
1.4 About This Book
1.5 Way to Forward
References
2: Global Requirement to Disaster Nursing
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Disaster Risk and Health
2.3 Global Risk Landscape and Science Technology
2.4 Postscripts
2.5 Way to Forward
References
3: Challenges of Global Health with Nursing
3.1 Sustainable Development Goal 3 and People-Centered Disaster Risk Reduction
3.2 Health Problem in Social System
3.3 Health Problem in Biological Environmental System
3.4 Health Problem in Physical System
3.5 Way to Forward
References
4: Care for Disaster Risk Reduction
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Care for Disaster Risk Reduction
4.3 Health and Care on Disaster
4.4 Self-Care and Health Literacy for Disaster Risk Reduction
4.5 Collective Health Needs
4.6 Appropriate Technology for Care on Disaster
4.7 Challenges to Care for Local Communities with Diverse Individuals
References
Part II: Contribution of Nursing Care for Disaster Risk Reduction
5: Disaster Health in Shelters in Japan
5.1 Introduction
5.2 The Importance of Quality of Accommodation in Shelter
5.3 The Impacts on Health Within the Disaster Shelter Environment
5.4 Newly Emerged and Highlighted Health Conditions in Japanese Shelters
5.4.1 Water and Sanitation, Hygiene (WASH)
5.4.1.1 Health Issues
5.4.1.2 Recommendations for Practice
5.4.2 Nutrition
5.4.2.1 Health Issues
5.4.2.2 Recommendations for Practice
5.4.3 Shelter and Items for Daily Needs
5.4.3.1 Size of Shelter and Conditions of Shelters
5.4.3.2 Health Issues
5.4.4 Developing Interventions to be Used at Shelters
5.4.5 Common Health Issues at Shelters in Japan
5.4.5.1 Infection Control
Health Issues
5.4.5.2 Mental Health
Health Issues
5.4.5.3 Deep Vein Thrombosis
Health Issues
5.4.5.4 Pressure Injuries
Health Issue
5.5 The Role of Nurses in a DS
5.6 Conclusion: The Quality of Care Provided at DSs
References
6: Research of Disaster Nursing in Japan 2005–2020
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Concept Analysis of Disaster Nursing in Japan
6.2.1 Materials and Methods
6.2.1.1 Data Collection
6.2.1.2 Data Analysis
6.2.2 Results
6.2.2.1 Attributes of Disaster Nursing
6.2.2.2 Antecedents of Disaster Nursing
6.2.2.3 Consequences of Disaster Nursing
6.3 Literature Review on Disaster Nursing Research Area
6.3.1 Materials and Methods
6.3.2 Findings
6.3.2.1 Preparedness
6.3.2.2 Collaboration Systems
6.3.2.3 Vulnerable People
6.3.2.4 Mental Health
6.3.2.5 Disaster Cycles
6.3.2.6 Specific and Multiple Disasters
6.3.2.7 International
6.3.2.8 Construction of Disaster Nursing: Nursing Education
6.4 Discussion
References
7: Nursing Experience on Disaster and Health Emergencies
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Nursing at the Time of Disaster
7.2.1 Indian Ocean Tsunami, Indonesia
7.2.1.1 Impacts of Indian Ocean Tsunami in Indonesia
7.2.1.2 Nursing Roles in Indian Ocean Tsunami in Indonesia
7.2.2 Wenchuan Earthquakes, China
7.2.2.1 Impacts of Wenchuan Earthquakes
7.2.2.2 Nursing Roles in the Wenchuan Earthquake
7.2.3 Typhoon Haiyan, Philippines
7.2.3.1 A Impact of Typhoon Haiyan
7.2.3.2 Nursing Role During Typhoon Haiyan
7.2.4 Gorkha Earthquake, Nepal
7.2.4.1 Impacts of Gorkha Earthquake
7.2.4.2 Nursing Roles in Gorkha Earthquake, Nepal
7.3 Way Forward
References
8: The Sendai Framework and the Bangkok Principles for Nurses
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Sustainable Development Goals 2015–2030 and the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030
8.3 Target of Disaster Risk Reduction for Sustainable Community
8.4 Disaster Risk Reduction in Health Sector
8.5 Disaster Nursing Initiative
8.5.1 Nursing Commitment for Implementation of the Sendai Framework
8.5.2 Critical Challenges and Suggestions
8.6 Conclusion: Nursing Response to Resilience in Trust
References
9: History of the Development of Competencies for Disaster Nursing
9.1 The Importance of a Global Perspective in the Aftermath of Disasters
9.2 The Development of Disaster Nursing Competency in Japan
9.2.1 Historical Background
9.2.2 Developmental Steps of Disaster Nursing Competencies for New Undergraduate Graduates in Japan
9.2.3 Content of Basic Competencies
9.2.4 Expansion of Academic and Educational Activities
9.3 ICN Disaster Nursing Competencies for Global Health
9.4 New Challenge of Disaster Nursing on DRR and SDGs
9.5 Appendix
9.5.1 Fundamental Attitudes Toward Disaster Nursing
9.5.2 Systematic Assessment and Provision of Disaster Nursing Care
9.5.3 Care Provision for Vulnerable People and Their Families in a Disaster
9.5.4 Care Management in Disaster Situations
9.5.5 Professional Development
References
10: Capacity Development and the Instructional Design for Achievement Goal
10.1 Introduction
10.2 ID-Based Learning Design
10.2.1 The Instructional Objective-Assessment-Strategy Triad: Mager’s Three Questions
10.2.2 Gagné’s Taxonomy of Learning
10.2.3 Merrill’s First Principles of Instruction-Five Fundamental Principles Underlying All ID Theories
10.3 ID-Based Learning Approaches for Experienced Practitioners Interested in Disaster Nursing Practice
10.3.1 Competency-Based Learning (CBL)
10.3.2 Problem-Based Learning (PBL)
10.3.3 Increasing Learner Interest Through Motivational Design
10.4 Assessment of Self-Directed Learning (SDL)
10.5 Case Study: Local Map Making and Reading Workshop
10.5.1 Introduction to Workshop and Need for Training
10.5.2 Objectives
10.5.3 Training Team
10.5.4 Target Audience
10.5.5 Day 1
10.5.5.1 Training Workshop Methodology
10.5.5.2 Lectures and Discussions
10.5.5.3 Training Workshop
10.5.6 Day 2
References
11: Nursing Research on Disaster
11.1 Disaster Nursing Research for Health and Well-Being
11.2 The Research Approaches in Disaster Nursing
11.3 Other Methodology Using Emerging Technology
11.4 Challenge During Disaster Research as Human Science
11.5 Case Study
References
Part III: Fostering Care in Sustainable Community
12: Needs of Cultivating Seamless and Individual Care
12.1 Individual Illness and Care Needs in Disaster
12.2 Disaster and Preventable Casualty
12.3 Case Study: Disaster-Related Deaths in the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake Were Four Times Higher than Direct Deaths
12.3.1 Damage Caused by the Disaster
12.3.2 Relief Activity of Medical and Healthcare Team
12.4 Who Needs Individualized Care and Where?
12.5 Way Forward
12.5.1 Limitation of Rapid Response to the Individual; Who Should Care? How Can we Prepare?
12.5.2 Role of Nursing and Preparation to Prevent Disaster-Related Deaths
12.5.2.1 Development of an Evacuation Environment Where All People Including Those Who Require Special Care Can Live Safely and Securely
12.5.2.2 Expansion of Bottom-Up Support and Establishment of the Support System
12.5.2.3 Standardization of Assessment and Continuous Follow-up to Prevent Disaster-Related Deaths
12.6 Imaging Essay
12.6.1 Nursing Student Activities at Welfare Shelters
12.6.2 Introduction
12.6.3 Preparation Before the Activity
12.6.4 Actual Activities
12.7 Summary
References
13: Primary Health Care (PHC), Universal Health Coverage (UHC), Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR), and Role of Local Caregiver
13.1 Introduction
13.1.1 Primary Health Care (PHC) for Universal Health Coverage (UHC)
13.2 Integration of Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) in Primary Health Care (PHC)
13.3 Primary Health Care and Disaster Nursing
13.4 Focusing on Communities, Individuals and Health Workers
13.5 Case Study
13.5.1 Case Study 1: Role of Community Health Volunteers in Indonesia
13.5.2 Case Study 2: Role of Women on Community-Based Disaster Risk Reduction in Japan
13.5.2.1 Implementation of the Project
13.5.2.2 Progress of the Group Work
13.5.2.3 Examples of Actions
13.5.2.4 Change in Participants’ Awareness
13.6 Ensuring the Quality of Care
13.7 Way to Forward
References
14: Key Players of Cross-Sectoral Collaboration in DRR
14.1 Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction and People-Centered Disaster Reduction
14.2 Cooperation Among Local Communities, Government, and the Third Sector
14.3 Citizen Volunteers and Their Coordination
14.4 Efforts of Disaster Risk Reduction by the Third Sector Organizations
14.4.1 Nonprofit Organizations (NPO)
14.4.2 Medical and Health Support NPO
14.4.3 Companies and Economic Organizations
14.4.4 Cooperatives
14.5 Coordination by Intermediary Support Organizations
14.6 Disaster Risk Reduction and Health
14.6.1 DMAT (Disaster Medical Association Team)
14.6.2 First Aid Team
14.6.3 DPAT (Disaster Psychiatric Assistance Team)
14.6.4 DHEAT (Disaster Health Emergency Assistance Team)
14.6.5 Disaster Relief Nurse
14.6.6 Community Disaster Mitigation Nurses Program by Japan Society of Disaster Nursing
14.6.7 Prefectural Disaster Medical Coordinators (Regional Disaster Medical Coordinators)
14.7 Summary
References
15: Roles, Rules, and Tools for National Humanitarian Networks on H-EDRM
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Humanitarian Networks for Cooperation
15.3 Information Tools Based on ICT
15.4 Rules for Efficient Use of Information
15.5 Training for Effective Operations
15.6 Summary
References
16: Community Resilience, Disaster Nursing, and the UN Sustainable Development Goal
16.1 Implementations and Expected Impacts
16.1.1 Relevant SDGs for This Chapter
16.1.1.1 Nursing and the Implementation of the SDGs
16.2 Community Resilience in the Light of the Sustainable Perspective
16.2.1 The Rise of the Resilience Paradigm
16.2.2 Community Resilience in Routine and Emergencies: From the Sustainable Approach to Disaster Risk Reduction
16.2.3 Community: Who Is Your Community? Structures of Current Communities
16.2.4 Community Resilience: The CCRAM Approach—Results from Relevant Studies
16.3 The Role of Health Services in Building Community Resilience
16.3.1 The Importance of Health Services to Community Resilience in Times of Change and During Emergencies
16.3.2 The Critical Role of Nurses in Emergencies
16.3.3 Local Nurses at Emergency: The Cultural Context
16.3.4 The Cultural Context During Emergency
16.3.5 Case Studies from Two Different Locations
16.3.5.1 The COVID-19 Pandemic: The Israeli Case Study
16.3.5.2 The COVID-19 Pandemic: The Japanese Case Study
16.4 Summary: The Role of Disaster Nurses in Meeting the SDGs
References
17: Caring Ecosystems for Area-Capability
17.1 Possibility of Transdisciplinary Research
17.2 The Change in Consciousness of Residents and Strengthening the AC to Improve Adaptability
17.3 Strengthening AC Also Increases Adaptability Towards Natural Disasters
17.4 From Management to Care Under the AC Concept
17.4.1 Way to Forward
References
18: Big Challenge for SDGs: Case Study—COVID-19
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Case Studies
18.2.1 Case Study 1: Communication, COVID, PHC, and Resilience from the Perspective of Disaster Nursing
18.2.2 Case Study 2: “Bounce Back” Mobile Application – Nurturing the Frontline Nurses’ Resilience During the COVID-19 Crisis in Bali, Indonesia
18.2.2.1 Introduction
18.2.2.2 Problem
18.2.2.3 Approach/Stakeholder Participation
18.2.2.4 Conclusion
18.2.3 Case Study 3: Disaster Response to the COVID-19 Outbreak on Cruise Ships in Japan
18.2.3.1 Background
18.2.3.2 Activities Onboard Diamond Princess
18.2.3.3 Remaining Issues from the Perspective of Disaster Nursing
Complexity Due to the Involvement of Multiple Organizations
Disconnected Communities Due to Closed Environments
18.2.3.4 Conclusion
18.2.4 Case Study 4: COVID-19 Experiences and Activities in Nepal
18.2.5 Discussion of Case Study
18.3 Way to Forward
References
Part IV: Assessing Care for Disaster Risk Reduction
19: Quantitative Approach for Assessment Health in Disaster
19.1 Origin of Epidemiological Approach
19.2 Data Collection in Disaster Nursing
19.2.1 Evidence-Based Healthcare
19.2.2 Data Collection and Processing in the Internet Era
19.2.3 Figure Out Current Status of Disaster
19.2.4 In Case of Power Loss During a Disaster
19.2.5 Challenge to Create Useful Information
19.2.6 Action During Information Collection
19.3 Data Preparedness for a Disaster
19.3.1 Personal Identification System
19.3.2 International Data Resource
19.4 Implementation and Evaluation of Support
19.4.1 Short Term
19.4.2 Long Term
19.4.3 After Disaster
19.4.4 Evaluation Cycle
19.5 Summary
References
20: Qualitative Approaches to Investigating Health in Disaster: Cases from Nepal and Japan
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Ethnographic Approach to Disaster
20.3 Case 1: Nepal Earthquakes of 2015
20.4 Nurses’ Positionality in Disaster
20.5 Case 2: Phenomenological Approach for Disaster-Affected Areas
20.6 Qualitative Approaches to Disaster Research
References
21: Chronological Approach for Disaster Response and Monitoring
21.1 Introduction
21.2 Method Measuring the Disaster Response Processes
21.2.1 BOSS Overview
21.2.2 Case Study of Shelter Operation
21.2.3 Evaluation Indicators Regarding Monitoring the Working Process
21.2.3.1 Q: Quality
21.2.3.2 C: Cost
21.2.3.3 D: Duration (Period)
21.2.4 Way to Forward of BOSS
21.3 Recording and Reflecting on the Experience
21.3.1 Disaster Prevention Workshop Using RTV
21.3.2 Utilization of RTV
21.4 Way to Forward
References
22: Introduction to EpiNurse: Emerging Care, Communication, and Health Monitoring in Nepal
22.1 Introduction
22.2 Disaster Situation of Nepal
22.3 National DRR Policy and Strategic Action Plan
22.4 Health Service of Nepal
22.5 Introduction of EpiNurse
22.5.1 Aim of EpiNurse Program
22.6 Roles and Responsibilities of EpiNurse
22.6.1 EpiNurse Approach
22.7 EpiNurse in DRR and Sustainable Development (SDG) Goals
22.7.1 Case Study 1
22.7.1.1 Primary Health Issues (During a Disaster)
22.7.2 Case Study 2
22.7.2.1 EpiNurse Response to 2017 Nepal Flood Disaster
22.7.3 Case Study 3
22.7.3.1 Post Tornado Risk Assessment by EpiNurse
22.7.3.2 Interventions of EpiNurses at the Affected Area
22.8 Risk Award 2017
22.9 Conclusion
22.10 Capacity Building Including Human and Technology in Sustainable Community
22.10.1 The Issue Faced on Community Monitoring
22.10.2 Way Forward
22.11 Policy Recommendation
22.11.1 Routine Health Security Monitoring and Emergency Report Based on Public Health
22.11.2 Capacity Building Including Human and Technology in Sustainable Community
References
Part V: Decision Making for People-Centered H-EDRM
23: Risk-Based Approach for VUCA World
23.1 Information and Decision-Making in Disaster Situations
23.1.1 “There Is No Information”
23.1.2 “We Don’t Know Where to Send a Rescue Team”
23.1.3 “Can We Eat All the Food We Have Now?”
23.1.4 Where Should We Go and How Much Can We Deliver?
23.1.5 “I Don’t Know Who to Talk To”
23.2 Risk, Uncertainty, Information, and Decision-Making
23.3 VUCA: Uncertainty at Multiple Levels
23.4 Systemic Risk
23.5 Event-Based and Risk-Based Approach
23.6 Information Flow Management and Factor Analysis for Risk-Based Approach
23.7 Summary
References
24: Personal Life Records (PLR) for Health Decision-Making in Disaster Situations
24.1 Introduction
24.2 Health Care and Welfare Needs Associated with Disasters
24.2.1 Disasters and Health Care Needs
24.2.2 Disasters and Welfare Needs
24.3 Current Status and Challenges of Collecting Health Care Information in Rescue Centers
24.4 Future Directions for Resolving Challenges
24.4.1 Use of Health Care and Nursing Care Data During Non-Disaster Times
24.4.2 Data Required After a Disaster and the Usefulness of PLR
24.4.3 Effective Data Collection and Use Through ICT
24.4.3.1 Multidisciplinary Data Linkage
24.4.3.2 PLR Digitization and Data Linkage
24.4.3.3 Construction of a Disaster Survivor Registry and Preparing for the Next Disaster
24.4.3.4 Benefits of PLR Portability
24.5 Remaining Challenges of Data Linkage
24.6 Handling of Personal Information in Case of Disaster
24.7 Summary
References
25: Management of Health- and Disaster-Related Data
25.1 Introduction
25.2 Definition of Data from a Database Systems Perspective
25.3 Data Management
25.4 Data Standards
25.5 Data Storage
25.6 Making Sense of Data from Experiences
25.6.1 Project eBayanihan and SHEREPO: Participatory and Crowdsourcing
25.6.1.1 The Story of eBayanihan
25.6.1.2 The Story of SHEREPO (Shelter Reporting)
25.6.1.3 Connecting SHEREPO with eBayanihan
25.6.2 EpiNurse Project in Nepal: Community Engagement on Health Information
25.6.2.1 Way Forward
26: Geographic Information System (GIS) and Data Visualization
26.1 Geographic Information System in Healthcare and Disaster Nursing
26.2 Geographic Information System
26.2.1 Assessing Accessibility for Delivering Medical Services for Broader Population
26.2.2 Planning for Minimizing Losses and Enhancing for Disaster Preparedness
26.2.3 Real-Time Information Sharing in Disasters for People’s Prompt Response and Recovery
26.2.4 Support Authorities in Prioritizing the Precise Target Areas for Decision-Making
26.3 Technology of GIS Application
26.3.1 Data Acquisition
26.3.2 Data Analysis and Visualization
26.3.3 Data Management and Sharing
26.4 Steps for Establishing the GIS-Based Decision Support System
References
27: Designing Data for DRR (Disaster Risk Reduction) Services
27.1 Introduction
27.1.1 What Is Service Design
27.1.2 Why Do We Need Service Design in the Primary Health Care
27.1.3 Coverage of Service Design in this Chapter
27.2 Define and Scope the Problem
27.2.1 Specifying Problems by Asking Why
27.2.2 A Tip for Teamworks Between Tech Users and Providers
27.3 Identify and Analyze Stakeholders
27.3.1 Who Are Stakeholders?
27.3.2 What Do They Want and Need? What Information Do They Want for Next Steps?
27.3.3 Methods for Analyzing Stakeholders
27.3.3.1 Customer Value Chain Analysis
27.3.4 Customer Journey Maps
27.4 Design and Define Specification Requirements of Information and Data
27.4.1 Data Precision
27.4.2 Spatial Precision
27.4.3 Temporal Precision
27.5 Prototyping
27.5.1 Searching Available Data Sources and Technologies
27.5.2 No Data? Apply Dummy Data
27.5.3 Demonstration and Evaluation
27.5.4 Rapid Prototyping in Disasters
27.6 Conclusion
References
28: Case Studies of ICT/GIS Application for DRR
28.1 Introduction
28.2 Mabi-Care and Machi-Care
28.2.1 Problems Addressed by the Solution
28.2.2 Stakeholders of the Problems
28.2.3 Users and Beneficiaries of the Provided Information and Data
28.2.4 Outcomes of the Solution
28.2.5 Key Technology Specifications
28.3 IT DART Early Assessment Supporting System
28.3.1 Problems Addressed by the Solution
28.3.2 Stakeholders of the Problem
28.3.3 Users and Beneficiaries of the Provided Information and Data
28.3.4 Outcomes of the Solution
28.3.5 Key Technology Specifications
28.4 Humanitarian Assistance Allocation Visualization Systems
28.4.1 Problems Addressed by the Solution
28.4.2 Stakeholders of the Problem
28.4.3 Users and Beneficiary of the Provided Information and Data
28.4.4 Outcomes of the Solution
28.4.5 Key Technology Specifications
28.5 Satellite-Based Disaster Response Assistances
28.5.1 Problems Addressed by the Solution
28.5.2 Stakeholders of the Problems
28.5.3 Users or Beneficiaries of the Provided Information and Data
28.5.4 Outcomes of the Solution
28.5.5 Key Technology Specifications
28.6 Way to Forward
References
Part VI: Way to Forward: Challenges Global Primary Health Care with Local Nursing
29: Locality and Caring in Uncertainty
29.1 Introduction
29.2 Nursing in the Local Cultural Environment of Disaster
29.3 Urbanization and Caring
29.4 The Need and Significance of Establishing “Locally Developed Care”
29.5 Changes in Communication Through Emerging Technology
29.6 Way to Forward
References
30: Care for Disaster Risk Reduction and Communication: Lessons Learned and Way to Forward
30.1 Introduction of Disaster Nursing for SDG3 and Primary Health Care
30.1.1 Part 1: Global Health and Care for Disaster Risk Reduction
30.1.2 Part 2: Contribution of Nursing Care for Disaster Risk Reduction
30.1.3 Part 3: Fostering Care in Sustainable Communities
30.1.4 Part 4: Assessing Care for Disaster Risk Reduction
30.1.5 Part 5: Decision-Making for People-Centered H-EDRM
30.1.6 The Way of Disatster Nursing Communication in Uncertanity
