Diagnosis in Chinese Medicine: A Comprehensive Guide

Front Cover
Diagnosis in Chinese Medicine
Copyright Page
Table Of Contents
Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgments
Note on the Translation of Chinese Terms
End Notes
How to Use This Book
How to move between different parts of the book
Index of Signs and Symptoms
1 Diagnosis by Observation
Part Contents
Introduction
Relationship between the five senses, the nine orifices, and the internal organs
Relationship between different areas of the face and the internal organs
Yi Zong Jin Jian – Diagnosis (areas of face and Internal Organs)
Comments
Ling Shu, Chapter 49 (face areas and colours)
Ling Shu, Chapter 29
Su Wen, Chapter 32 (areas of face involved in febrile disease)
Relationship between the five tissues and the internal organs
Relationship between the five sites of Qi transportation and the Yin organs
Manifestations of the five Yin organs
The twelve cutaneous regions
End Notes
1 Observation of The Body, Mind and Complexion
Introduction
1. Correspondence between an individual part and the whole
The face as a microsystem
The ear as a microsystem
Microsystems over the whole body
2. Observation of constitutional traits
End Notes
1 Observation of the Body Shape, Physique and Demeanour
Chapter Contents
1. Classification of body shape according to yin and yang
a) Body shape abundant in Yang
Observation
Clinical significance
Quotations from the classics
b) Body shape abundant in Yin
Observation
Clinical significance
Quotations from the classics
c) Body shape deficient in Yang
Observation
Clinical significance
d) Body shape deficient in Yin
Observation
Clinical significance
e) Body shape with Yin and Yang in balance
Observation
Clinical significance
Quotations from the classics
2. Classification of body shape according to the five elements
a) Wood type
Observation
Clinical significance
Quotations from the classics
b) Fire type
Observation
Clinical significance
Quotations from the classics
c) Earth type
Observation
Clinical significance
Quotations from the classics
d) Metal type
Observation
Clinical significance
Quotations from the classics
e) Water type
Observation
Clinical significance
Quotations from the classics
f) Clinical application of the Five Element types
3. Classification of body shape according to pre-natal and post-natal influences
a) Body shape with strong pre-natal constitution
Observation
Clinical significance
Quotations from the classics
b) Body shape with weak pre-natal constitution
Observation
Clinical significance
Quotations from the classics
c) Body shape with strong post-natal Qi
Observation
Clinical significance
Quotations from the classics
d) Body shape with weak post-natal Qi
Observation
Clinical significance
Quotations from the classics
4. Classification according to type of body build
a) Robust type
Observation
Clinical significance
Quotations from the classics
b) Compact type
Observation
Clinical significance
Quotations from the classics
c) Muscular type
Observation
Clinical significance
Quotations from the classics
d) Thin type
Observation
Clinical significance
Quotations from the classics
e) Overweight type
Observation
Clinical significance
5. Classification of body shape according to pain and drug tolerance
a) Body shape indicating high pain and drug tolerance
Observation
Clinical significance
Quotations from the classics
b) Body shape indicating low pain and drug tolerance
Observation
Clinical significance
Quotations from the classics
End Notes
2 Observation of Mind, Spirit and Emotions
Chapter Contents
1. The three aspects of the Spirit
a) The embodiment of the Spirit
Observation
Clinical significance
b) The vitality of the Spirit
Observation
Clinical significance
c) The lustre of the Spirit
Observation
Clinical significance
2. The three conditions of the Spirit
a) Strong Spirit
Observation
Clinical significance
b) Weak Spirit
Observation
Clinical significance
c) False Spirit
Observation
Clinical significance
3. The Spirit and the constitution
a) Strong Spirit and strong constitution
Observation
Clinical significance
b) Weak Spirit and weak constitution
Observation
Clinical significance
c) Weak Spirit and strong constitution
Observation
Clinical significance
d) Strong Spirit and weak constitution
Observation
Clinical significance
4. The Spirit and the emotions
Eyes
Complexion
Tongue
End Notes
3 Observation of Complexion Colour
Chapter Contents
1. Introduction
a) Dominant colours
b) Guest colours
c) Clinical significance of complexion colour and lustre
2. Observation of different aspects of complexion colour
a) Superficial or deep colour
Observation
Clinical significance
b) Distinct or obscure colour
Observation
Clinical significance
c) Scattered or concentrated colour
Observation
Clinical significance
d) Thin or thick colour
Observation
Clinical significance
e) Lustrous or lustreless colour
Observation
Clinical significance
f) Conforming or opposing colour
Observation
i. Conforming or opposing colour according to pattern
ii. Conforming or opposing colour according to the Five Elements
Clinical significance
g) Prognosis according to complexion colour
Observation
i. Presence or absence of lustre
ii. Thin or thick colour
iii. Conforming or rebellious colour according to area of the face
iv. Conformity or deviation of colour according to season
h) Changes in complexion colour during a disease
Observation
Clinical significance
i) Complexion colours and emotions
3. Complexion colours
a) Normal complexion colour
Observation
Clinical significance
b) White complexion colour
Bright-white
Observation
Clinical significance
Dull-white
Observation
Clinical significance
Pale-white
Observation
Clinical significance
Sallow-white
Observation
Clinical significance
Bluish-white
Observation
Clinical significance
c) Yellow complexion colour
Dull-yellow
Observation
Clinical significance
Greyish-yellow
Observation
Clinical significance
Bluish-yellow
Observation
Clinical significance
Floating, reddish-yellow
Observation
Clinical significance
Floating yellow
Observation
Clinical significance
Dry-yellow
Observation
Clinical significance
Ash-like yellow
Observation
Clinical significance
Rich-yellow
Observation
Clinical significance
Bright-yellow (jaundice)
Observation
Clinical significance
d) Red complexion colour
Red cheeks
Observation
Clinical significance
Red cheek-bones
Observation
Clinical significance
Floating red
Observation
Clinical significance
e) Bluish/greenish complexion colour
Pale-greenish under the eyes
Observation
Clinical significance
Dark-bluish under the eyes
Observation
Clinical significance
White-bluish
Observation
Clinical significance
Dull-bluish
Observation
Clinical significance
Bluish
Observation
Clinical significance
Greenish
Observation
Clinical significance
f) Dark complexion colour
Dark and dry
Observation
Clinical significance
Dull-dark
Observation
Clinical significance
Faint-dark
Observation
Clinical significance
Very dark
Observation
Clinical significance
g) Purple complexion colour
Reddish-purple
Observation
Clinical significance
Bluish-purple
Observation
Clinical significance
End Notes
4 Observation of Body Movements
Chapter Contents
1. Head
a) Tremor of the head
Observation
Clinical significance
b) Rigidity of the neck
Observation
Clinical significance
2. Face
a) Deviation of eyes and mouth
Observation
Clinical significance
b) Facial paralysis (Bell’s palsy)
Observation
Clinical significance
c) Facial tic
Observation
Clinical significance
3. Limbs and body
a) Paralysis
Observation
Clinical significance
b) Tremor or spasticity of the limbs
Observation
Clinical significance
c) Twitching of the muscles
Observation
Clinical significance
d) Opisthotonos
Observation
Clinical significance
e) Contraction of the limbs
Observation
Clinical significance
f) Hemiplegia
Observation
Clinical significance
g) Tremor of the hands
Observation
Clinical significance
h) Tremor of the feet
Observation
Clinical significance
i) Contraction of the fingers
Observation
Clinical significance
End Note
2 Parts of The Body
5 Observation of the Head, Face and Hair
Chapter Contents
1. Head
a) Dry scalp
b) Redness and pain of the scalp
c) Tremor of the head
d) Swelling of the whole head
e) Boils on the scalp
f) Ulcers on the scalp
g) Ulcers in the mastoid region
h) Erosion of the scalp
i) Head leaning to one side
j) Head tilted backwards
k) Late closure of the fontanelles
2. Face
a) Acne
b) Papular/macular eruptions
c) Oedema of the face
d) Swelling and redness of the face
e) Swelling, redness and pain of the cheeks
f) Ulcers below the zygomatic arch
g) Lines on the face
h) Deviation of eye and mouth
3. Hair
a) Hair falling out
Observation
Clinical significance
b) Alopecia
Observation
Clinical significance
c) Dry and brittle hair
Observation
Clinical significance
d) Greasy hair
e) Premature greying of the hair
Observation
Clinical significance
f) Dandruff
Observation
Clinical significance
6 Observation of the Eyes
Chapter Contents
1. Relationship between the internal organs and the eyes
a) The eyes and the liver
b) The eyes and the kidneys
c) The eyes and the heart
d) The eyes and the stomach and spleen
e) The eyes and the gall-bladder
f) The eyes and the bladder
g) The eyes and the small intestine
h) The five wheels
i) The eight ramparts
j) The eye system
2. Aspects of observation of the eyes
a) The lustre of the eyes
b) The control of the eyes
c) The normal eye
3. Observation of pathological signs of the eye
1. Colour
a) Yellow
b) Red
c) Bluish-Greenish
d) Dark
2. Other features
a) White specks
b) Protruding eyeball
c) Sunken eyeball
d) Strabismus
e) Staring, fixed eyes
f) Abnormal colour of the eyelids
g) Swollen eyelids
h) Streaming eyes
i) Discharge from the eyes
j) Abnormal colours of the corners of the eyes
k) Abnormal colour of the eye sockets
l) Ling Shu Chapter (eye blood vessels diagnosis)
End Notes
7 Observation of the Nose
Chapter Contents
1. Pale nose
2. Yellow nose
3. Red nose
4. Bluish-greenish nose
5. Reddish-purple nose
6. Dark nose
7. Swollen nose
8. Flapping alae nasi (the outside of the nostrils)
9. Polyps
10. Dry nostrils
11. Nosebleed
12. Ulcers on the nose
13. Papules on the nose
End Notes
8 Observation of the Lips, Mouth, Palate, Teeth, Gums and Philtrum
Chapter Contents
1. Lips
a) Pale lips
b) Red lips
c) Purple lips
d) Bluish-greenish lips
e) Yellow lips
f) Dry or cracked lips
g) Peeled lips
h) Swollen lips
i) Trembling lips
j) Inverted lips
k) Drooping lips
l) Abnormal lip colour in pregnancy
2. Mouth
a) Cold sores
b) Cracked corners of the mouth
c) Mouth ulcers
d) Mouth open
e) Deviation of the mouth
f) Dribbling from the corners of the mouth
3. Palate
a) Pale palate
b) Dull-pale palate
c) Yellow palate
d) Red palate
e) Purple palate
4. Teeth
a) Tooth cavities
b) Loose teeth
c) Plaque
d) Dry and white teeth
e) Dry and dull teeth
f) Yellow and dry teeth
g) Grey teeth
h) Upper teeth moist and lower teeth dry
5. Gums
a) Inflamed gums
b) Bleeding gums
c) Receding gums
d) Gums oozing pus
e) Pale gums
f) Red gums
g) Purple gums
6. Philtrum
a) Flat philtrum
b) Stiff-looking philtrum
c) Pale philtrum
d) Red philtrum
e) Bluish-greenish philtrum (qing)
f) Dark philtrum
End Notes
9 Observation of the Ears
Chapter Contents
1. Large ears
2. Small ears
3. Swollen ears
4. Contracted ears
5. Dry and contracted helix
6. Sores on the ear
7. Warts on the ear
8. Yellow helix
9. Pale helix
10. Bluish-greenish (qing) helix
11. Dark helix
12. Red helix
13. Red back of the ear
14. Distended blood vessels on the ear
15. Excessive wax production
16. Swelling and redness of the concha
17. Discharge from the ears
End Notes
10 Observation of Throat and Neck
Chapter Contents
1. Throat
a) Redness on the throat
b) Goitre
c) Pulsation of the carotid artery
d) Observation of the pharynx
e) Swollen tonsils
Case History
Diagnosis
Treatment principle
Treatment
f) Red and swollen tonsils
g) Red and swollen tonsils with exudate
h) Greyish tonsils
2. Neck
a) Long neck
b) Short neck
c) Rigidity of the neck
d) Soft neck
e) Deviated neck
f) Wide neck
g) Thin neck
h) Swollen neck glands
11 Observation of the Back
Chapter Contents
1. Spine bent forward
2. Atrophy of the muscles along the spine
3. Spots on the back
4. Scoliosis
5. Lordosis
6. Kyphosis
7. Flattening of the lumbar spine
8. List of the spine
9. Rigidity of the lower back
10. Vesicles on the lower back
11. Dryness and redness of the skin of the lower back
12. Yellow colour of the lower back
13. Skin marks on the lower back
14. Boil on BL-23 shenshu
15. Papules or pustules on the buttocks
12 Observation of Female Breasts
Chapter Contents
1. Breast distension
2. Swollen breasts
3. Small breasts
4. Breast lumps
Case History
Diagnosis
5. Redness and swelling of the breasts
6. Milky nipple discharge
7. Sticky-yellow nipple discharge
8. Bloody discharge from the nipple
9. Inverted nipples
10. Cracked nipples
11. Peau d’orange
End Note
13 Observation of the Heartbeat
Chapter Contents
The pulsation of Xu Li
1. Heartbeat displaced downwards
2. Heartbeat displaced upwards
3. Heartbeat displaced to the left
4. Heartbeat displaced to the right
5. Heartbeat below the xyphoid process
End Note
14 Observation of the Hands
Chapter Contents
1. Pale hands
2. Red dorsum of the hands
3. Red palms
4. Venules on the thenar eminence
5. Atrophy of the thenar eminence
6. Atrophy of the muscles of the dorsum of the hands
7. Tremor of the hands
8. Contraction of the fingers
9. Spoon-shaped fingers
10. Thin, pointed fingers
11. Swollen fingers
12. Cracked fingers
13. Tinea (ringworm)
14. Thickened fingers like cocoons
15. Shrivelled and wrinkled fingers
16. Deformed knuckles
17. Dry, cracked, peeling palms
18. Sweaty palms
19. Hand lines
a) Description of the lines
b) Description of abnormal signs on the lines
c) Diseases indicated on the lines
Diseases of the digestive system
Circulatory diseases
Respiratory diseases
Diseases of the urinary system
Diseases of the reproductive system
Cancer
End Notes
15 Observation of the Nails
Chapter Contents
1. Ridged nails
2. Indented nails
3. Thin and brittle nails
4. Thickening of the nails
5. Coarse and thick nails
6. Withered and brittle nails
7. Withered and thickened nails
8. Cracked nails
9. Twisted nails
10. Nails falling off
11. Nails with white spots
12. Pale-white nails
13. Dull-white nails
14. Red nails
15. Yellow nails
16. Bluish-greenish nails
17. Dark nails
18. Purple nails
19. Curling nails
20. Flaking nails
21. Lunulae
22. Correspondence of nails to organ systems
a) Thumb
b) Index finger
c) Middle finger
d) Ring finger
e) Little finger
16 Observation of the Chest and Abdomen
Chapter Contents
1. Chest
a) Protruding chest
b) Sunken chest
c) Protruding sternum
d) Chest sunken on one side
e) Chest protruding on one side
f) Gynaecomastia
2. Abdomen
a) Abdominal distension
b) Thin abdomen
c) Large abdomen
d) Sagging lower abdomen
e) Lumps in the epigastrium
f) Abdominal masses
g) Oedema of the abdomen
h) Protruding umbilicus
i) Sunken umbilicus
j) Distended abdominal veins
k) Lines on the abdomen
l) Maculae on the abdomen
m) Small hypochondrial lumps
17 Observation of the Genitalia
Chapter Contents
1. Pubic hair
a) Loss of pubic hair
b) Excessive pubic hair
2. Scrotum
a) Contracted scrotum
b) Loose scrotum
c) Scrotum drooping on one side
d) Swollen scrotum
e) Swollen and oozing scrotum
f) Pale scrotum
g) Red scrotum
h) Purple scrotum
i) Dark scrotum
3. Penis
a) Redness and swelling of the glans penis
b) Ulcers on the penis
c) Peyronie’s disease
d) Priapism
e) Soft and withered penis
f) Long penis in children
4. Vulva and vagina
a) Vulvar sores
b) Leukoplakia
c) Swelling of the vulva
d) Prolapse of the vagina
End Note
18 Observation of the Four Limbs
Chapter Contents
1. Atrophy of the four limbs
2. Flaccidity of the four limbs
3. Rigidity of the four limbs
4. Paralysis of the four limbs
5. Contraction of the four limbs
6. Convulsions of the four limbs
7. Tremor or spasticity of the four limbs
8. Swelling of the joints of the four limbs
9. Oedema of the four limbs
19 Observation of the Legs
Chapter Contents
1. Legs
a) Oedema of the legs
Case History
Diagnosis
b) Atrophy of the legs
c) Paralysis
d) Arched legs
2. Gait
a) Festination
b) Unstable gait
c) Staggering gait
d) Stepping gait
e) Shuffling gait
20 Observation of Excretions
Chapter Contents
1. Sputum
2. Nasal discharge
3. Sweat
4. Lochia
5. Urine
6. Stools
a) Consistency
b) Shape
c) Colour
7. Vaginal discharge
a) Colour
b) Consistency
8. Menstrual blood
a) Colour
b) Consistency
21 Observation of the Skin
Chapter Contents
Overview
Skin layers
The skin and the lungs
The skin and the stomach and spleen
The skin and the kidneys
The skin and the liver
The skin and the heart
The skin and the connecting channels
1. Skin signs
a) Skin colour
i) Pale body-skin
ii) Red body-skin
iii) Yellow body-skin
iv) Bluish-greenish body-skin
v) Dark body-skin
b) Skin texture
i) Lustre
ii) Moisture
iii) Texture
iv) Growths
c) Skin of the forearm (inner aspect)
d) The space between the skin and the muscles (Cou Li)
e) Body hair
f) Macules
i) Red macules
ii) Purple macules
iii) Black macules
iv) White macules
g) Papules
h) Vesicles
i) Pustules
j) Dry skin
k) Greasy skin
l) Swelling of the skin
m) Scales
n) Erosion of the skin
o) Rashes
i) Measles, German measles, and chickenpox
p) Fissures
q) Skin ulcers
i) Western pathology and diagnosis
ii) Chinese pathology and diagnosis
r) Dermographism
2. Skin diseases
a) Eczema
i) Western pathology and diagnosis
ii) Chinese pathology and diagnosis
Case History
Diagnosis
b) Acne
i) Western pathology and diagnosis
ii) Chinese pathology and diagnosis
c) Psoriasis
i) Western pathology and diagnosis
ii) Chinese pathology and diagnosis
d) Urticaria
i) Western pathology and diagnosis
ii) Chinese pathology and diagnosis
e) Naevi
i) Western pathology and diagnosis
ii) Chinese pathology and diagnosis
f) Malignant melanoma
i) Western pathology and diagnosis
ii) Chinese pathology and diagnosis
g) Tinea
i) Western pathology and diagnosis
ii) Chinese pathology and diagnosis
h) Candida
i) Western pathology and diagnosis
ii) Chinese pathology and diagnosis
i) Herpes simplex
i) Western pathology and diagnosis
ii) Chinese pathology and diagnosis
j) Herpes zoster
i) Western pathology and diagnosis
ii) Chinese pathology and diagnosis
k) Warts
i) Western pathology and diagnosis
ii) Chinese pathology and diagnosis
l) Rosacea
i) Western pathology and diagnosis
ii) Chinese pathology and diagnosis
End Notes
References
22 Observation of Children
Chapter Contents
1. Complexion
a) Red complexion
b) Yellow complexion
c) Pale complexion
d) Bluish-greenish complexion
2. Orifices
a) Eyes
b) Ears
c) Nose
d) Mouth
e) Urethra and anus
3. Body movement
4. Spinal muscles
5. Veins on the index finger
a) Depth of colour
b) Intensity of colour
c) Actual colour
d) Movement of veins
e) Concentration of colour
f) Length of veins
g) Thickness
6. Creases on the index finger
7. Root of the nose
3 Tongue Diagnosis
Introduction
23 Tongue Diagnosis
Chapter Contents
General principles
1. Conditions for examining the tongue
a) Lighting
b) Techniques of observation of the tongue
c) External factors affecting the colour of the tongue
Medicines
2. Areas of the tongue
3. Clinical significance of the tongue
a) Tongue-body colour
b) Tongue-body shape
c) Tongue coating
d) Tongue spirit
End Note
24 Tongue-Body Colour
Chapter Contents
1. Tongue spirit
2. Tongue-body colour
a) Pale
b) Red
i) Red points
ii) Red points in external diseases
c) Purple
3. Sublingual veins
End Note
25 Tongue-Body Shape
Chapter Contents
1. Thin
2. Swollen
3. Partially swollen
4. Stiff
5. Flaccid
6. Long
7. Short
8. Cracked
9. Deviated
10. Moving
11. Quivering
12. Tooth-marked
26 Tongue Coating
Chapter Contents
1. Physiology of the tongue coating
2. Clinical significance of the tongue coating
3. Presence or absence of a coating
4. Coating with or without root
5. Coating thickness
6. Coating distribution
7. Coating moisture
8. Coating texture
a) Sticky coating
b) Slippery coating
c) Mouldy coating
9. Tongue coating in external diseases
27 Tongue Images and Patterns
Chapter Contents
1. Qi deficiency
2. Yang deficiency
3. Blood deficiency
4. Yin deficiency
5. Phlegm and dampness
6. Heat
7. Cold
8. Qi and blood stagnation
9. Internal wind
10. External invasions of wind
2 Diagnosis by Interrogation
28 Introduction
Chapter Contents
1. Nature of diagnosis by interrogation
a) Su Wen, Chapter 77
b) Su Wen, Chapter 78
2. Nature of ‘symptoms’ in Chinese medicine
a) Tongue and pulse
3. The art of interrogation: asking the right questions
4. Terminology problems in interrogation
5. Patients’ expressions
6. Pitfalls to avoid in interrogation
7. Procedure for interrogation
8. Timescale of symptoms
9. Integration of interrogation with observation
10. Identification of patterns and interrogation
11. Tongue and pulse diagnosis: integration with interrogation
Case History
Case History
Case History (see Fig. 28.4)
Case History (Fig. 28.5)
12. The 10 traditional questions
a) Limitations of the 10 traditional questions
b) Questions on emotional state
c) Questions about sexual life
d) Questions on energy levels
13. The 16 questions
End Notes
29 Pain
Chapter Contents
WHY we ask
WHEN we ask
HOW we ask
Location of pain
Nature of pain
Timing of pain
Factors affecting pain
1. Area of pain
2. Nature of pain
a) Soreness
b) Pain with a sensation of heaviness
c) Distending pain
d) Pain with a feeling of fullness
e) Pain with a feeling of emptiness
f) Pain with a feeling of cold
g) Burning pain
h) Colicky pain
i) Spastic pain
j) Pain with a distressing feeling
k) Pain with a sensation of stuffiness
l) Pushing pain
m) Pulling pain
n) Cutting pain
o) Throbbing pain
p) Boring pain
q) Lurking pain
3. Time of pain
4. Factors affecting pain
a) Pressure
b) Temperature
c) Food and drink
d) Bowel movement
e) Movement and rest
5. Organ versus channel pain
30 Food and Taste
Chapter Contents
Why we ask
When we ask
How we ask
1. Introduction
2. Main patterns of digestive symptoms
a) Qi deficiency
b) Qi stagnation
c) Qi rebellious
d) Blood stasis
e) Dampness
f) Phlegm
g) Retention of food
3. Food
4. Appetite
a) Excessive hunger
b) Aversion to food
c) Hunger but no desire to eat
5. Taste
6. Nausea and vomiting
Case History
Diagnosis
7. Belching
8. Sour regurgitation
Case History
Diagnosis
31 Stools and Urine
Chapter Contents
Why we ask
When we ask
How we ask
1. Stools
a) Frequency
b) Consistency
Case History
Diagnosis
c) Shape
d) Colour
e) Odour and sounds
f) Abdominal pain related to evacuation
Case History
Diagnosis
2. Urine
a) Frequency
b) Colour
c) Amount
d) Difficulty in micturition
e) Cloudiness
f) Incontinence
g) Urination at night
h) Pain
i) Smell
32 Thirst and Drink
Chapter Contents
Why we ask
When we ask
How we ask
1. Thirst
2. Dry mouth
3. Preference for hot or cold drinks
4. Absence of thirst
Case History
Diagnosis
33 Energy Levels
Chapter Contents
WHY we ask
WHEN we ask
HOW we ask
1. Historical background
2. Patterns causing tiredness
Case History
Diagnosis
Case History
Diagnosis
Case History
Diagnosis
Case History
Diagnosis
Case History
Diagnosis
Case History
Diagnosis
Case History
Diagnosis
Case History
Diagnosis
End Notes
34 Head
Chapter Contents
WHY we ask
WHEN we ask
HOW we ask
1. Headache
a) Onset
b) Time
c) Location
d) Character of pain
e) Ameliorating or aggravating factors
f) Headaches of internal origin
g) Headaches of external origin
Case History
Diagnosis
Case History
Diagnosis
Case History
Diagnosis
Case History
Diagnosis
Case History
Diagnosis
Case History
Diagnosis
2. Dizziness
WHY we ask
WHEN we ask
HOW we ask
Case History
Diagnosis
3. Feeling of distension of the head
4. Feeling of heaviness of the head
5. Feeling of muzziness (fuzziness) of the head
6. Brain noise
7. Numbness/tingling of the skin of the head
8. Itchy scalp
9. Feeling of cold of the head
10. Feeling of heat of the head
11. Fainting
Case History
Diagnosis
35 Face
Chapter Contents
WHY we ask
WHEN we ask
HOW we ask
1. Face
a) Feeling of heat of the face
i) Feeling of heat in the face in women
ii) Feeling of heat in the face in men
b) Facial pain
c) Feeling of numbness/tingling of the face
2. Nose
a) Blocked nose
b) Itchy nose
c) Sneezing
d) Nose ache
e) Nose pain
f) Dry nostrils
g) Loss of sense of smell
h) Runny nose
3. Teeth and gums
a) Toothache
b) Inflamed gums
c) Bleeding gums
d) Receding gums
4. Mouth and lips
a) Mouth ulcers
b) Cold sores
5. Tongue
a) Itchy tongue
b) Numbness of the tongue
c) Tongue pain
End Notes
36 Throat and Neck
Chapter Contents
WHY we ask
WHEN we ask
HOW we ask
1. Throat
a) Sore throat
i) Sore throat of external origin
ii) Sore throat of internal origin
b) Dry throat
c) Itchy throat
d) Hoarse voice
e) Feeling of obstruction in the throat
f) Swollen and red tonsils
i) Acute conditions
ii) Chronic conditions
Case History
Diagnosis
2. Neck
a) Goitre
b) Painful or stiff neck
End Note
37 Body
Chapter Contents
WHY we ask
WHEN we ask
HOW we ask
1. Aches in the whole body
2. Pain in the joints
3. Lower backache
4. Numbness/tingling
5. Itching
6. Loss of weight
7. Obesity
38 Chest and Abdomen
Chapter Contents
1. Chest
WHY we ask
WHEN we ask
HOW we ask
a) Cough
i) Acute cough
ii) Chronic cough
Case History
Diagnosis
b) Chest pain
c) Pain in the ribs
d) Feeling of oppression of the chest
e) Feeling of heat in the chest
f) Palpitations
Case History
Diagnosis
2. Abdomen
WHY we ask
WHEN we ask
HOW we ask
a) Sensations
i) Distension
ii) Pain
iii) Fullness
iv) Stuffiness
b) Areas of abdominal pain
i) Area under the xyphoid process
ii) Epigastrium
Epigastrium manifestation on the tongue
Epigastrium manifestation on the pulse
iii) Hypochondrium
Case History
Diagnosis
iv) Umbilical area
v) Central-lower abdominal area
Case History
Diagnosis
Treatment
vi) Right-lateral lower abdominal area
vii) Left-Lateral Lower Abdominal Area
39 Limbs
Chapter Contents
WHY we ask
WHEN we ask
HOW we ask
1. Weakness of the limbs
2. Difficulty in walking (atrophy/flaccidity of limbs)
3. Feeling of distension of the limbs
4. Numbness/tingling of the limbs
Case History
Diagnosis
5. Generalized joint pain
Case History
Diagnosis
6. Tremor of limbs
Case History
Diagnosis
Case History
Diagnosis
7. Pain and inability to raise the arm
8. Pain in the elbow
9. Pain in the hands
10. Cold hands
11. Hot hands
12. Itchy hands
13. Numbness/tingling of the hands
14. Oedema of the hands
15. Pain in the hip
16. Pain in the thigh
17. Pain in the knees
18. Weak knees
19. Cold feet
20. Pain in the feet
21. Oedema of the feet
22. Pain in the soles
23. Burning sensation in the soles
24. Feeling of heaviness of the limbs
25. Cramps in the calves
26. Muscle ache in the limbs
40 Sleep
Chapter Contents
WHY we ask
WHEN we ask
HOW we ask
1. Insomnia
2. Excessive dreaming
3. Somnolence
41 Sweating
Chapter Contents
WHY we ask
WHEN we ask
HOW we ask
1. Clinical significance of sweating in exterior patterns
2. Clinical significance of sweating in interior patterns
3. Pathology of sweating
4. Classification of sweating
A) Area of body
B) Time of day
C) Condition of illness
D) Quality of sweat
5. Absence of sweating
42 Ears and Eyes
Chapter Contents
1. Ears
WHY we ask
WHEN we ask
HOW we ask
a) Tinnitus
Case History
Diagnosis
b) Deafness
c) Earache
d) Itchy ears
1. Eyes
WHY we ask
WHEN we ask
HOW we ask
a) Eye pain
i) Full or Empty character of eye pain
ii) Radiation of pain
iii) Eye pain of internal or external origin
b) Blurred vision
c) Itchy eyes
d) Feeling of distension of the eyes
e) Streaming eyes
f) Dry eyes
43 Feeling of Cold, Feeling of Heat and Fever
Chapter Contents
WHY we ask
WHEN we ask
HOW we ask
Terminology
1. Feeling of cold
a) Feeling of cold in interior conditions
b) Feeling of cold in exterior conditions
i) External invasions
ii) Wind-Cold versus Wind-Heat
c) How to distinguish between external and internal causes of feeling of cold
i) Differentiation of pathology of a feeling of cold from external or internal causes
2. Simultaneous feeling of cold and fever in exterior conditions
Cold feeling (‘aversion to cold’) in exterior patterns
Fever in exterior patterns
Simultaneous fever and feeling of cold
Pathology of fever
Degrees of fever
a) Wind-Cold and Wind-Heat
i) Factors determining the development of Wind-Cold or Wind-Heat
ii) Clinical manifestations of Wind-Heat and Wind-Cold
iii) Wind-Cold: differentiation between ‘Attack of Wind’ and ‘Attack of Cold’
b) Summer-Heat
c) Damp-Heat
d) Dry-Heat
3. Alternating feeling of cold and feeling of heat
Case History
Diagnosis
4. Feeling of heat from internal causes
5. Internal fever
a) Acute Fever
The Four Levels
Heat in the Lungs (Qi level)
Clinical manifestations
Phlegm-Heat in the Lungs (Qi level)
Clinical manifestations
Heat in Bright Yang–Channel pattern
Clinical manifestations
Heat in Bright Yang–Organ pattern
Clinical manifestations
Damp-Heat in the Stomach and Intestines
Clinical manifestations
Heat at Nutritive-Qi Level
Clinical manifestations
Heat at Blood Level
Clinical manifestations
Damp-Heat in the Gall-Bladder and Liver
Clinical manifestations
Damp-Heat in the Bladder
Clinical manifestations
b) Chronic fever
i) Empty Heat from Yin deficiency
Clinical manifestations
ii) Qi deficiency
Clinical manifestations
iii) Blood deficiency
Clinical manifestations
iv) Stagnant Liver-Qi turned into Heat
Clinical manifestations
v) Blood stasis
Clinical manifestations
6. Five-palm heat
7. Contradictory feelings of cold and heat in internal conditions
a) Simultaneous deficiency of Kidney-Yin and Kidney-Yang
b) Blood deficiency
c) Disharmony of the Penetrating Vessel
d) Yin Fire
End Notes
44 Mental-Emotional Symptoms
Chapter Contents
WHY we ask
WHEN we ask
HOW we ask
1. Depression
a) Definition of depression
b) Diagnosis of depression
c) Depression in Chinese medicine
d) Patterns in depression
2. Fear/anxiety
Case History
Diagnosis
3. Irritability/anger
4. Worry
5. Sadness and grief
Case History
Diagnosis
6. Excess joy
7. Mental restlessness
End Notes
45 Sexual Symptoms
Chapter Contents
WHY we ask
WHEN we ask
HOW we ask
1. Men
a) Impotence
b) Lack of libido
c) Premature ejaculation
d) Nocturnal emissions
e) Tiredness and dizziness after ejaculation
2. Women
a) Lack of libido
b) Headache soon after orgasm
End Note
46 Women’s Symptoms
Chapter Contents
WHY we ask
WHEN we ask
HOW we ask
Case History
Diagnosis
1. Menstruation
a) Menarche
b) Cycle
c) Amount of bleeding
Case History
Diagnosis
d) Colour
e) Consistency
f) Pain
i) Time of pain
ii) Nature of pain
Case History
Diagnosis
Case History
Diagnosis
Case History
Diagnosis
g) Premenstrual symptoms
Case History
Diagnosis
h) Other symptoms occurring around menstruation
2. Vaginal discharge
a) Colour
b) Consistency
c) Smell
3. Fertility and pregnancy
Case History
Diagnosis
Case History
Diagnosis
Case History
Diagnosis
4. Childbirth
5. Lactation
6. Miscarriage and abortion
7. Breast symptoms
a) Premenstrual breast distension
b) Breast lumps
Case History
Diagnosis
8. Menopause
End Note
47 Children’s Symptoms
Chapter Contents
1. Mother’s pregnancy
2. Childbirth
3. Post-partum problems
4. Childhood diseases
5. Digestive symptoms
6. Respiratory symptoms and earache
a) Cough and wheezing
b) Earache
c) Chronic catarrh
7. Sleep
8. Immunizations
9. Slow development
48 Diagnosis of the Causes of Disease
Chapter Contents
1. Interactions between causes of disease
a) Interaction of trauma with climate
b) Interaction of hereditary weak constitution with diet
c) Interaction of emotional problems at puberty and overwork
d) Interaction of weak heart constitution and emotional problems
2. The five stages of life
a) Childhood
b) Adolescence
c) Young adulthood
d) Middle age
e) Old age
3. The causes of disease
a) Heredity
i) Weak-Spleen constitution
ii) Weak-Lung constitution
iii) Weak-Heart constitution
iv) Weak-Liver constitution
v) Weak-Kidney constitution
b) Emotions
i) Anger
ii) Joy
iii) Worry
iv) Pensiveness
v) Sadness and grief
vi) Fear
vii) Shock
viii) Love
ix) Hatred
x) Craving
xi) Guilt
c) Overwork
d) Diet
i) Choice of foods
Eating too much cold food
Eating too much hot food
Eating too much greasy food
Not eating enough
ii) Eating habits
e) Climate
f) Trauma
g) Drugs, including immunizations
h) Recreational drugs
i) Excessive sexual activity
End Notes
3 Diagnosis by Palpation
49 Pulse Diagnosis
Chapter Contents
1. Introduction
Su Wen, Chapter 17 (best time to take the pulse)
a) The pulse identifies organ and pattern disharmony
b) The pulse gives us an idea of the state of Qi and Blood as a whole
2. The ‘nine regions’ of the pulse from the ‘yellow emperor’s internal classic’
Su Wen, Chapter 20 (nine regions of the pulse)
3. The pulse in the ‘classic of difficulties’
4. The three sections of the pulse
5. Assignment of pulse positions to organs
a) Organ positions on the pulse
i) ‘Classic of Difficulties’ (Nan Jing, AD 100)
ii) ‘Pulse Classic’ (Mai Jing, AD 280)
iii) ‘The Study of the Pulse from Pin Hu Lake’ (Pin Hu Mai Xue, 1564)
iv) ‘The Golden Mirror of Medicine’ (Yi Zong Jin Jian, 1742)
v) Modern China
b) Reconciling different pulse arrangements
i) Yin and Yang organ as reflected on the pulse
ii) The acupuncturist’s and herbalist’s perspectives in pulse diagnosis
iii) Small and Large Intestine channels versus organs in pulse diagnosis
iv) Clinical significance of pulse diagnosis irrespective of organ positions
v) Clinical interpretation of the pulse in acute versus chronic conditions
vi) The pulse as a reflection of Heart-Qi
6. The three levels
7. Method of pulse-taking
a) Time
b) Levelling the arm
c) Equalizing the breathing
d) Placing the fingers
i) Placing the fingers
ii) Arranging the fingers
iii) Regulating the fingers
iv) Using the fingers
v) Moving the fingers
8. Factors affecting the pulse
a) Season
b) Sex
c) Age
d) Body build
e) Menstruation
f) Pregnancy
g) Fan Guan Mai and Xie Fei Mai
i) Fan Guan Mai
ii) Xie Fei Mai
9. Attributes of the normal pulse
a) Spirit
b) Stomach-Qi
c) Root
10. Guidelines for interpreting the pulse
a) Feeling the pulse as a whole with three fingers
b) Feeling the spirit, Stomach-Qi and root
c) Feeling the three positions together first and then individually
d) Feeling the three levels
e) Feeling the overall quality of the pulse, if there is one
f) Feeling the pulse quality, strength and level of each individual position by rolling and pushing the fingers
g) Counting the pulse rate
11. Clinical application of pulse diagnosis
a) The pulse is often crucial in clinching a diagnosis
Case History
b) The pulse is essential to distinguish deficiency from excess
c) The pulse is essential to determine the treatment principle
d) The pulse in emotional problems
Case History
e) The pulse as an indicator of an organ problem
f) The pulse as an indicator of a heart problem
Case History
Case History
Case History
g) The pulse does not necessarily reflect all the aspects of a disharmony
h) The pulse indicates disharmonies beyond the presenting patterns
i) The pulse can indicate an underlying deficiency in the absence of symptoms
j) The pulse in cancer
12. Integration of pulse and tongue diagnosis
a) Qi and Blood
b) Time factor
c) When the pulse is rapid and the tongue is not red
d) When the pulse is slow and the tongue is red
e) Pulse diagnosis adds detail to tongue diagnosis
13. Limitations of pulse diagnosis
a) It is subjective
b) It is subject to short-term influences
End Notes
50 Pulse Qualities
Chapter Contents
The eight basic pulse qualities
1. Floating
a) Pulse description
b) Clinical significance
c) Combinations
i) Exterior conditions
ii) Interior Conditions
d) Differentiation of similar pulse qualities
e) Clinical significance in each position
Li Shi Zhen
2. Deep
a) Pulse description
b) Clinical significance
i) Deep-Full
ii) Deep-Weak
c) Combinations
d) Differentiation of similar pulses
e) Clinical significance in each position
Li Shi Zhen
3. Slow
a) Pulse description
b) Clinical significance
i) Common Cold conditions manifesting with a Slow pulse
ii) Contradictory manifestations characterized by a Slow pulse and Heat symptoms
iii) The Slow pulse and jogging
iv) Situations that may cause a Slow pulse without involving Cold
c) Combinations
d) Differentiation of similar pulses
e) Clinical significance in each position
Li Shi Zhen
4. Rapid
a) Pulse description
b) Clinical significance
c) Combinations
d) Differentiation of similar pulses
e) Clinical significance in each position
Li Shi Zhen
5. Empty
a) Pulse description
b) Clinical significance
c) Combinations
d) Differentiation of similar pulses
e) Clinical significance in each position
Li Shi Zhen
6. Full
a) Pulse description
b) Clinical significance
c) Combinations
d) Differentiation of similar pulses
e) Clinical significance in each position
Li Shi Zhen
7. Slippery
a) Pulse description
b) Clinical significance
c) Combinations
d) Differentiation of similar pulses
e) Clinical significance in each position
Li Shi Zhen
8. Choppy
a) Pulse description
b) Clinical significance
c) Combinations
d) Differentiation of similar pulses
e) Clinical significance in each position
Li Shi Zhen
Empty-type pulses
9. Weak
a) Pulse description
b) Clinical significance
c) Combinations
d) Differentiation of similar pulses
e) Clinical significance in each position
Li Shi Zhen
10. Fine
a) Pulse description
b) Clinical significance
c) Combinations
d) Differentiation of similar pulses
e) Clinical significance in each position
Li Shi Zhen
11. Minute
a) Pulse description
b) Clinical significance
c) Combinations
d) Differentiation of similar pulses
e) Clinical significance in each position
Li Shi Zhen
12. Soggy (weak-floating)
a) Pulse description
b) Clinical significance
c) Combinations
d) Differentiation of similar pulses
e) Clinical significance in each position
Li Shi Zhen
13. Short
a) Pulse description
b) Clinical significance
c) Combinations
d) Differentiation of similar pulses
e) Clinical significance in each position
Li Shi Zhen
14. Hollow
a) Pulse description
b) Clinical significance
c) Combinations
d) Differentiation of similar pulses
e) Clinical significance in each position
Li Shi Zhen
15. Leather
a) Pulse description
b) Clinical significance
c) Combinations
d) Differentiation of similar pulses
e) Clinical significance in each position
Li Shi Zhen
16. Hidden
a) Pulse description
b) Clinical significance
c) Combinations
d) Differentiation of similar pulses
e) Clinical significance in each position
Li Shi Zhen
17. Scattered
a) Pulse description
b) Clinical significance
c) Combinations
d) Differentiation of similar pulses
e) Clinical significance in each position
Li Shi Zhen
Full-type pulses
18. Wiry
a) Pulse description
b) Clinical significance
c) Combinations
d) Differentiation of similar pulses
e) Clinical significance in each position
Li Shi Zhen
19. Tight
a) Pulse description
b) Clinical significance
c) Combinations
d) Differentiation of similar pulses
e) Clinical significance in each position
Li Shi Zhen
20. Overflowing
a) Pulse description
b) Clinical significance
i) Overflowing with strength
ii) Overflowing without strength
c) Combinations
d) Differentiation of similar pulses
e) Clinical significance in each position
Li Shi Zhen
21. Big
a) Pulse description
b) Clinical significance
i) Big with strength
ii) Big without strength
c) Combinations
d) Differentiation of similar pulses
e) Clinical significance in each position
22. Firm
a) Pulse description
b) Clinical significance
c) Combinations
d) Differentiation of similar pulses
e) Clinical significance in each position
Li Shi Zhen
23. Long
a) Pulse description
b) Clinical significance
c) Combinations
d) Differentiation of similar pulses
e) Clinical significance in each position
Li Shi Zhen
24. Moving
a) Pulse description
b) Clinical significance
c) Combinations
d) Differentiation of similar pulses
e) Clinical significance in each position
Li Shi Zhen
Pulses with irregularities of rate or rhythm
25. Knotted
a) Pulse description
b) Clinical significance
i) Knotted with strength
ii) Knotted without strength
c) Combinations
d) Clinical significance in each position
e) Clinical significance in each position
26. Hasty
a) Pulse description
b) Clinical significance
c) Combinations
d) Differentiation of similar pulses
e) Clinical significance in each position
27. Hurried
a) Pulse description
b) Clinical significance
c) Combinations
d) Differentiation of similar pulses
e) Clinical significance in each position
28. Intermittent
a) Pulse description
b) Clinical significance
c) Combinations
d) Differentiation of similar pulses
e) Clinical significance in each position
29. Slowed-down
a) Pulse description
b) Clinical significance
c) Combinations
d) Differentiation of similar pulses
e) Clinical significance in each position
Three nontraditional pulse qualities
30. Irregular
a) Pulse description
b) Clinical significance
c) Combinations
d) Differentiation of similar pulses
e) Clinical significance in each position
31. Stagnant
a) Pulse description
c) Combinations
c) Combinations
d) Differentiation of similar pulses
e) Clinical significance in each position
32. Sad
a) Pulse description
b) Clinical significance
c) Combinations
d) Differentiation of similar pulses
e) Clinical significance in each position
Classification of pulse qualities
1. The eight basic groups of pulse qualities
a) Floating pulses
b) Deep pulses
c) Slow pulses
d) Rapid pulses
e) Slippery pulses
f) Choppy pulses
g) Empty pulses
h) Full pulses
2. The different aspects for the classification of pulse qualities
a) According to depth
b) According to rate
c) According to strength
d) According to size
e) According to length
f) According to shape
g) According to rhythm
3. Classification of pulse qualities according to qi, blood and body fluids patterns
a) Qi deficiency
b) Yang deficiency
c) Blood deficiency
d) Yin deficiency
e) Qi stagnation
f) Blood stasis
g) Phlegm
h) Dampness
4. Classification of pulse qualities according to the eight principles
a) Yin-Yang
i) Yang deficiency:
ii) Yin deficiency:
iii) Collapse of Yang:
iv) Collapse of Yin:
b) Exterior-Interior
i) Exterior:
ii) Interior:
c) Heat-Cold
i) Heat:
ii) Cold:
d) Deficiency-Excess
i) Deficiency:
ii) Excess:
5. Classification of pulse qualities according to the six stages patterns
6. Classification of pulse qualities according to the four levels patterns
7. Classification of pulse qualities according to the triple burner patterns
Terminology
The pulse positions in detail
1. Left-front position (heart)
a) Overflowing
b) Short
c) Weak
d) Floating
e) Slippery
f) Hollow
g) Choppy
h) Wiry
2. Left-middle position (liver)
a) Floating
b) Deep
c) Slippery
d) Overflowing
e) Wiry
3. Left-rear position (kidney)
a) Floating
b) Deep
c) Slippery
d) Weak
e) Fine
f) Overflowing
g) Hollow
4. Right-front position (lung)
a) Floating
b) Slippery
c) Overflowing
d) Hollow
5. Right-middle position (stomach and spleen)
a) Floating
b) Wiry
c) Weak
d) Fine
e) Slippery
f) Soggy
g) Hollow
6. Right-rear position (small intestine and kidneys)
a) Floating
b) Weak
c) Slippery
d) Wiry
Pulse qualities indicating dangerous conditions
a) Boiling cauldron pulse
b) Circling fish pulse
c) Swimming shrimp pulse
d) Leaking roof pulse
e) Pecking bird pulse
f) Untying rope pulse
g) Bouncing stone pulse
h) Upturned knife pulse
i) Spinning bean pulse
j) Sesame seed hasty pulse
The influence of drugs on the pulse
1. Tranquilizers and hypnotics
2. Antidepressants
a) Tricyclic antidepressants
b) Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
c) Monoamine oxydase inhibitors (MAOIs)
3. Beta-blockers
4. ACE-inhibitors
5. Warfarin
6. Diuretics
7. H2-receptor antagonists
8. Insulin
End Notes
51 Palpation of Parts of the Body
Chapter Contents
1. Palpation of the chest and abdomen
a) Introduction
i) Temperature
ii) Texture
iii) Distension versus fullness
iv) Tenderness
v) Lumps
vi) Umbilical pulse
b) Palpation of the chest
i) Apical pulse
ii) Chest
iii) Breast
c) Palpation of the abdomen
i) Hypochondrium
ii) Epigastrium
iii) Umbilical region
iv) Central abdomen
v) Lateral-lower abdomen
vi) Central-lower abdomen
2. Palpation of the skin
a) Body skin
i) Temperature
ii) Moisture
iii) Texture
iv) Forehead
b) Forearm diagnosis
Ling Shu Chapter 74 (forearm diagnosis)
c) Palpation of temples in children
3. Palpation of hands and feet
a) Temperature
b) Palpation and comparison of dorsum and palm
c) Palpation of feet and hands in children
d) Palpation of the nails
4. Palpation of acupuncture points
a) Introduction
b) Front-Collecting (Mu) points
c) Back-Transporting (Bei Shu) points
d) Source (Yuan) points
End Notes
52 Palpation of Channels
Chapter Outline
1. The connecting channels
Palpation
2. The muscle channels
Characteristics
Functions
Palpation
3. Palpation of the channels in painful obstruction syndrome (Bi)
4. Palpation of channels
a) Lung channel
i) Palpation of blood vessel
ii) Palpation of skin
Temperature
Texture
Tenderness
b) Large intestine channel
i) Palpation of blood vessel
ii) Palpation of skin
Temperature
Texture
Tenderness
c) Stomach channel
i) Palpation of blood vessel
ST-42 Chongyang
ST-9 Renying
ii) Palpation of skin
Temperature
Texture
Tenderness
d) Spleen channel
i) Palpation of blood vessel
ii) Palpation of skin
Temperature
Texture
Tenderness
e) Heart channel
i) Palpation of blood vessel
ii) Palpation of skin
Temperature
Texture
Tenderness
f) Small intestine channel
i) Palpation of blood vessel
ii) Palpation of skin
Temperature
Texture
Tenderness
g) Bladder channel
i) Palpation of blood vessel
ii) Palpation of skin
Temperature
Texture
Tenderness
h) Kidney channel
i) Palpation of blood vessel
ii) Palpation of skin
Temperature
Texture
Tenderness
i) Pericardium channel
i) Palpation of blood vessel
ii) Palpation of skin
Temperature
Texture
Tenderness
j) Triple burner channel
i) Palpation of blood vessel
ii) Palpation of skin
Temperature
Texture
Tenderness
k) Gall-Bladder channel
i) Palpation of blood vessel
ii) Palpation of skin
Temperature
Texture
Tenderness
l) Liver channel
i) Palpation of blood vessel
ii) Palpation of skin
Temperature
Texture
Tenderness
End Notes
4 Diagnosis by Hearing and Smelling
Introduction
End Notes
53 Diagnosis by Hearing
Chapter Contents
Introduction
1. Voice
a) Normal voice
b) The voice and the Five Elements
c) Strength and quality of the voice
i) Nasal voice
ii) Hoarse voice
iii) Snoring
iv) Groaning
v) Crying out
vi) Stuttering
2. Speech
3. Crying in babies
4. Breathing and sighing
a) Breathing
b) Pathological breathing sounds
c) Sighing
5. Coughing and sneezing
a) Coughing
b) Sneezing
6. Hiccup
Acupuncture
7. Belching
Acupuncture
8. Vomiting
Acupuncture
9. Sighing
End Notes
54 Diagnosis by Smelling
Chapter Outline
Clinical significance
1. Body odour
2. Odour of bodily secretions
a) Breath
b) Sweat
c) Sputum
d) Urine and stools
e) Vaginal discharge and lochia
f) Intestinal gas
5 Symptoms and Signs
Introduction
Section 1
Section 2
Section 3
1 Symptoms and signs of parts of the body
Introduction
55 Head and Face
Chapter Contents
1. Head
a) Dizziness
Empty
Liver-Blood deficiency
Acupuncture
Kidney deficiency
Acupuncture
Full
Liver-Yang rising
Acupuncture
Liver-Wind
Acupuncture
Phlegm obstructing the head
Acupuncture
Other patterns
Liver-Fire
Qi and Blood deficiency of the Spleen and Heart
Stomach- and Spleen-Qi deficiency
b) Fainting
Empty
Heart-Blood deficiency
Acupuncture
Liver-Blood deficiency
Acupuncture
Full
Phlegm obstructing the clear orifices
Acupuncture
Other patterns
Heart-Yin deficiency
Liver-Yin deficiency
Kidney-Yang deficiency and deficiency of the Original Qi
Liver-Qi stagnation with Liver-Qi rebelling upwards to cloud the orifices
Blood-Heat with Liver-Fire blazing upwards to cloud the orifices
Retention of Food
c) Feeling of heaviness of the head
Full
Damp-Phlegm
Acupuncture
Dampness
Acupuncture
d) Headache
Full
Liver-Yang rising
Acupuncture
Dampness obstructing the head
Acupuncture
Turbid Phlegm obstructing the head
Acupuncture
Liver-Yang rising with Phlegm obstructing the head
Acupuncture
Empty
Blood deficiency
Acupuncture
Other patterns
Wind-Phlegm
Liver-Fire
Liver-Wind
Liver-Qi stagnation
Blood stasis
Stomach-Heat
Qi deficiency
Kidney deficiency
Retention of Food
Invasion of Wind-Cold
Invasion of Wind-Heat
Invasion of Wind-Dampness
Greater-Yang channels
Acupuncture
Bright-Yang channels
Acupuncture
Lesser-Yang channels
Acupuncture
Greater-Yin channels
Acupuncture
Lesser-Yin channels
Acupuncture
Terminal-Yin channels
Acupuncture
e) Feeling of distension of the head
Full
Liver-Yang rising
Acupuncture
Other patterns
Liver-Fire
Invasion of Wind-Heat
f) Feeling of muzziness (fuzziness) of the head
Full
Phlegm
Acupuncture
Dampness
Acupuncture
g) Feeling of cold of the head
Empty
Governing Vessel Empty and Cold
Acupuncture
Other patterns
Cold in the Liver Channel
h) Feeling of heat of the head
Full
Liver-Fire
Acupuncture
Stomach-Heat
Acupuncture
Empty
Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
Acupuncture
Yin Fire
Acupuncture
Empty Heat from Blood deficiency
Acupuncture
i) Numbness of the head
Empty
Liver-Blood deficiency
Acupuncture
Full
Damp-Phlegm
Acupuncture
Other patterns
Liver-Wind
j) Drooping head
Empty
Emptiness of the Sea of Marrow
Acupuncture
Other patterns
Stomach- and Spleen-Qi deficiency
k) Leaning of the head to one side
Empty
Emptiness of the Sea of Marrow
Acupuncture
Other patterns
Spleen-Qi sinking
l) Tremor of the head
Full
Liver-Wind
Acupuncture
Empty
Empty-Wind from Blood deficiency
Acupuncture
Empty-Wind from Yin deficiency
Acupuncture
m) Brain noise
Empty
Emptiness of the Sea of Marrow
Acupuncture
Other patterns
Deficiency of Qi and Blood of the Spleen and Heart
Phlegm-Heat rising
Liver-Qi stagnation
n) Swelling of the whole head
‘Big Head Warm Disease’ (invasion of Toxic Heat in the head)
o) Ulcers in the mastoid region
Full
Damp-Heat in the Gall-Bladder channel
Acupuncture
Other patterns
Liver-Fire
p) Head tilted backwards
Internal Wind in acute febrile diseases
2. Hair and scalp
a) Premature graying of the hair
Empty
Liver and Kidney deficiency
Acupuncture
Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
Acupuncture
Kidney-Essence deficiency
Acupuncture
Other patterns
Liver-Blood deficiency
Deficiency of Qi and Blood
Liver- and Heart-Fire
Liver-Qi stagnation
b) Hair falling out
Empty
Kidney deficiency
Acupuncture
Liver-Blood deficiency
Acupuncture
Other patterns
Blood Heat from Liver-Fire
c) Alopecia
Empty
Empty Liver-Wind from Blood deficiency
Acupuncture
Full
Full Liver-Wind
Acupuncture
Other patterns
Blood Heat from Liver-Fire
Liver-Blood stasis
d) Dry and brittle hair
Empty
Liver-Blood deficiency
Acupuncture
Kidney-Yin deficiency
Acupuncture
Other patterns
Deficiency of Qi and Blood
Stomach- and Spleen-Qi deficiency
Loss of blood
e) Greasy hair
Full
Dampness
Acupuncture
Damp-Heat
Acupuncture
Phlegm
Acupuncture
f) Dandruff
Empty
Liver-Blood deficient and dry
Acupuncture
Other patterns
Liver-Blood deficiency with Liver-Wind
Liver-Fire
Damp-Heat in the Liver
Toxic Heat
Invasion of Wind-Heat and Dryness
g) Itchy scalp
Empty
Liver-Blood deficiency
Acupuncture
Empty/Full
Liver-Blood deficiency with Liver-Wind
Acupuncture
Other patterns
Liver-Yin deficiency
Liver-Fire
Damp-Heat in the Liver channel
h) Dry scalp
Empty
Liver-Yin deficiency
Acupuncture
Kidney-Yin deficiency
Acupuncture
i) Redness and pain of the scalp
Invasion of Wind-Heat
Liver-Fire
j) Boils on the scalp
Full
Liver-Fire
Acupuncture
Damp-Heat in the Liver channel
Acupuncture
Other patterns
Toxic Heat in the head
k) Erosion of the scalp
Damp-Heat in the Liver channel
l) Ulcers on the scalp
Liver-Fire
Damp-Heat in the Liver channel
Heat in the Governing Vessel
3. Face
a) Acne
Full
Damp-Heat in the skin
Acupuncture
Toxic Heat in the skin
Acupuncture
Toxic Heat with Blood stasis in the skin
Acupuncture
Heat in the Lungs and Stomach
Acupuncture
Empty/Full
Spleen-Qi deficiency with Dampness
Acupuncture
Other patterns
Damp-Phlegm in the skin
Damp-Phlegm with Blood stasis in the skin
Disharmony of Penetrating and Directing Vessels
b) Feeling of heat of the face
Full
Liver-Yang rising
Acupuncture
Liver-Fire
Acupuncture
Heart-Fire
Acupuncture
Lung-Heat
Acupuncture
Stomach-Heat
Acupuncture
Empty/Full
Heart-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
Acupuncture
Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
Acupuncture
Lung-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
Acupuncture
Stomach-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
Acupuncture
Other patterns
Damp-Heat in the Spleen
Spleen-Heat
Spleen-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
Yin-Fire
c) Facial pain
Full
Liver-Fire
Acupuncture
Damp-Heat
Acupuncture
Blood stasis
Acupuncture
Other patterns
Invasion of Wind-Cold in the channels
Invasion of Wind-Heat in the channels
Deficiency of Qi and Blood
Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
Yin deficiency with Empty Heat and internal Wind
Phlegm-Heat
Yin deficiency with Phlegm-Heat
d) Numbness of the face
Empty
Blood deficiency
Acupuncture
Full
Liver-Wind
Acupuncture
Wind-Phlegm
Acupuncture
Other patterns
Stomach-Fire
Invasion of Wind
e) Oedema of the face
Empty
Lung-Qi deficiency
Acupuncture
Spleen-Yang deficiency
Acupuncture
Other patterns
Wind-Water invading the Lungs
f) Tic
Full
Liver-Wind
Acupuncture
Empty/Full
Liver-Blood deficiency leading to Liver-Wind
Acupuncture
Other patterns
Liver-Wind and Phlegm
Liver-Qi stagnation
External Invasion of Wind-Cold in the channels of the face
g) Deviation of the eye and mouth
Full
Liver-Wind
Acupuncture
External invasion of Wind-Cold in the channels of the face
Acupuncture
Other patterns
Liver-Wind and Phlegm
Liver-Qi stagnation
Deficiency of Qi and Blood
Toxic Heat in the channels of the face
h) Facial paralysis
Full
External invasion of Wind-Cold in the channels of the face
Acupuncture
i) Papular/macular eruptions
Lung-Heat
Blood-Heat
j) Swelling and redness of the face
Invasion of Toxic Heat
k) Swelling, redness, and pain of the cheeks
Toxic Heat in the face
l) Ulcers below the zygomatic arch
Toxic Heat in the Stomach
m) Lines on the face
Blood deficiency
Heat with dryness
End Notes
56 Face Colour
Chapter Contents
1. White/pale
a) Empty
Yang deficiency
Acupuncture
Blood deficiency
Acupuncture
b) Full
Full Cold
Acupuncture
c) Other patterns
Qi deficiency
Collapse of Yang
Invasion of Wind-Cold
Heat stagnating in the Interior (True Heat – False Cold)
2. Yellow
a) Full
Dampness
Acupuncture
Chronic Damp-Heat
Acupuncture
b) Empty
Chronic Spleen-Qi deficiency
Acupuncture
c) Other patterns
Liver-Blood deficiency
Spleen-Qi deficiency with stagnation of Liver-Qi
Damp-Heat with Blood stasis
Stomach-Heat
Stomach-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
Spleen-Heat
Blood stasis
Invasion of Wind-Heat
Invasion of Wind-Dampness
3. Red
a) Full
Full Heat
Acupuncture
Liver-Yang rising
Acupuncture
Damp-Heat
Acupuncture
b) Empty/Full
Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
Acupuncture
c) Other patterns
Blood deficiency with Empty Heat
Yin-Fire
Invasion of Wind-Heat
Deficient Yang floating
4. Bluish/greenish
a) Full
Full Cold
Acupuncture
Liver-Qi stagnation
Acupuncture
b) Empty
Heart- and Kidney-Yang deficiency
Acupuncture
Lung- and Kidney-Yang deficiency
Acupuncture
c) Other patterns
Chronic pain
Liver-Qi stagnation
Liver-Wind
5. Purple
a) Full
Blood stasis from Cold
Acupuncture
Blood stasis from Heat
Acupuncture
6. Dark
a) Empty
Severe Kidney-Yang deficiency
Acupuncture
b) Full
Severe Blood stasis
Acupuncture
c) Other patterns
Kidney-Essence deficiency
7. Sallow
a) Empty
Chronic Spleen-Qi deficiency
Acupuncture
b) Full
Blood deficiency
Acupuncture
c) Empty/Full
Spleen-Qi deficiency with Dampness
Acupuncture
d) Other patterns
Blood stasis
8. Blushing
a) Full
Heart-Heat
Acupuncture
b) Empty/Full
Heart-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
Acupuncture
c) Other patterns
Liver-Yang rising
Liver-Fire
Lung-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
57 Ears
Chapter Contents
1. Tinnitus and/or deafness
a) Empty
Kidney deficiency
Acupuncture
b) Full
Liver-Yang rising
Acupuncture
c) Other patterns
Liver-Fire
Phlegm-Fire affecting the Liver channel
Heart- and Kidney-Yin deficiency
Heart-Blood deficiency
Heart- and Lung-Qi deficiency (deficiency of Gathering-Qi)
Liver-Blood deficiency
Invasion of Wind-Heat (in the Lesser Yang channels)
2. Itchy ears
a) Full
Damp-Heat in the Gall-Bladder
Acupuncture
Invasion of Wind-Heat
Acupuncture
b) Other patterns
Blood deficiency with Internal Wind
Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
3. Earache
a) Full
Invasion of Wind-Heat
Acupuncture
Damp-Heat in the Gall-Bladder
Acupuncture
b) Other patterns
Liver-Fire
Stagnation of Qi and stasis of Blood
4. Bleeding from the ears
a) Damp-Heat in the Gall-Bladder
b) Liver-Fire
c) Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
d) Spleen-Qi deficiency
5. Discharge from the ears
a) Full
Damp-Heat in the Gall-Bladder
Acupuncture
Invasion of Wind-Heat
Acupuncture
b) Other patterns
Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
Toxic Heat in the Liver and Gall-Bladder
Spleen-Qi deficiency with Dampness
6. Excessive wax production
a) Phlegm
b) Damp-Heat in the Gall-Bladder
c) Spleen- and Kidney-Yang deficiency
d) Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
e) Toxic Heat with Stagnation of Qi and stasis of Blood
7. Swollen ears
a) Damp-Heat in the Gall-Bladder
b) Heat in the Gall-Bladder
c) Invasion of Wind-Water in the Lungs
8. Contracted ears
a) Kidney-Yin deficiency
b) Aftermath of acute Heat in febrile diseases
c) Severe Blood stasis in the abdomen with abdominal masses
9. Dry and contracted helix
a) Blood stasis
b) Blood stasis with Damp-Heat
c) Kidney-Yin deficiency
10. Sores on the ear
a) Heat in the Gall-Bladder and Liver
b) Invasion of Wind-Heat in the Lesser Yang channels
11. Warts on the ear
a) Heat in the Gall-Bladder and Liver
b) Stomach-Fire
12. Yellow helix
a) Damp-Heat in the Gall-Bladder
b) Blood stasis deriving from Heat (Liver and Gall-Bladder)
13. Pale helix
a) Yang deficiency
b) Blood deficiency
14. Bluish-greenish (qing) helix
a) Blood stasis from Heat
b) Blood stasis from Cold
c) Internal Wind in children
15. Dark helix
a) Blood stasis
b) Blood stasis from Cold
c) Chronic Heat
16. Red helix
a) Lung-Heat
b) Heart-Fire
c) Heat in the Lesser-Yang channels
d) Damp-Heat in the Liver and Gall-Bladder
e) Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
17. Red back of the ear
a) Invasion of Wind-Heat (especially in children)
b) Measles
18. Distended blood vessels on the ear
a) Lung deficiency with Phlegm-Heat
b) Blood stasis
c) Damp-Heat in the Gall-Bladder
d) Heart-Heat
19. Swelling and redness of the concha
a) Damp-Heat in the Gall-Bladder
b) Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
c) Toxic Heat
58 Nose
Chapter Contents
1. Pale nose
a) Stomach- and Spleen-Yang deficiency with Empty Cold
b) Liver-Blood deficiency
c) Phlegm-Fluids
2. Yellow nose
a) Damp-Heat in the Spleen
b) Chronic Spleen-Qi deficiency with retention of Dampness
c) Liver-Blood stasis
d) Spleen-Heat
e) Phlegm-Fluids
3. Red nose
a) Lung-Heat
b) Liver-Fire
c) Spleen-Heat
d) Invasion of Wind-Heat
4. Bluish-greenish nose
a) Liver-Blood stasis
b) Internal Cold
c) Phlegm-Fluids
5. Reddish-purple nose
a) Liver-Blood stasis
b) Heart-Blood stasis
c) Blood stasis in the Stomach
6. Dark nose
a) Liver-Fire
b) Exhaustion (Xu Lao)
7. Sneezing
a) Full
Invasion of Wind
Acupuncture
b) Empty
Lung-Qi deficiency
Acupuncture
Kidney-Yang deficiency
Acupuncture
8. Blocked nose
a) Full
Invasion of Wind
Acupuncture
Damp-Heat in the Stomach and Spleen
Acupuncture
b) Empty
Lung- and Spleen-Qi deficiency
Acupuncture
c) Other patterns
Lung-Heat
Heat in the Gall-Bladder
Damp-Heat in the Liver and Gall-Bladder
Lung- and Kidney-Yang deficiency
Stagnation of Qi and stasis of Blood
9. Runny nose
a) Full
Invasion of Wind-Cold
Acupuncture
Invasion of Wind-Heat
Acupuncture
b) Empty
Lung-Qi deficiency with Empty Cold
Acupuncture
Kidney-Yang deficiency
Acupuncture
c) Other patterns
Damp-Heat in the Stomach and Spleen
Toxic Heat in the Lungs and Stomach
10. Itchy nose
a) Invasion of Wind
b) Dry-Heat in the Lungs
c) Toxic Heat in the Lungs
d) Damp-Heat in the Spleen channel
e) Lung-Qi deficiency
f) Lung-Qi and Kidney-Yang deficiency (Governing Vessel deficient)
g) Nose Childhood Nutritional Impairment
11. Dry nostrils
a) Dryness injuring the Lungs
b) Lung-Heat
c) Stomach-Heat
d) Lung-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
e) Stomach-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
f) Lung- and Spleen-Qi deficiency
g) Blood stasis
h) Invasion of Wind-Heat
i) Invasion of Wind-Dryness
j)Toxic Heat in the Lungs
12. Nose bleed
a) Liver-Fire insulting the Lungs
b) Acute Lung-Heat
c) Spleen-Qi deficiency
d) Stomach-Fire
e) Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
f) Liver-Blood stasis
g) Invasion of Wind-Heat
h) Residual Dry Heat in the Lungs
i) Collapse of both Yin and Yang
13. Nose ache
a) Invasion of Wind-Heat
b) Phlegm-Heat in the Lungs
c) Lung- and Spleen-Qi deficiency
14. Nose pain
a) Invasion of Wind
b) Lung- and Stomach-Heat
c) Stomach channel Damp-Heat
d) Lung-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
e) Liver-Blood stasis
f) Carcinoma of the nose
15. Swollen nose
a) Damp-Heat in the Stomach and Spleen
b) Lung-Heat
c) Liver-Fire
d) Heart-Fire
e) Heart-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
f) Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
g) Damp-Phlegm in the Lungs
h) Toxic Heat in the Lungs
i) Toxic Heat at Nutritive-Qi or Blood level
j) Heat Childhood Nutritional Impairment
k) Worms in children
16. Bad smell
a) Phlegm-Heat in the Lungs
b) Lung-Qi deficiency with Damp-Heat
c) Damp-Heat in the Gall-Bladder and Liver
d) Spleen-Qi deficiency with Damp-Heat
17. Loss of sense of smell
a) Full
Damp-Heat in the Stomach and Spleen
Acupuncture
Invasion of Wind-Heat
Acupuncture
b) Empty
Lung- and Spleen-Qi deficiency
Acupuncture
c) Other patterns
Deficiency of Qi and Blood
Damp-Heat in the Gall-Bladder
Cold-Dampness in the Stomach and Spleen
Blood stasis in the Lungs
18. Polyps
a) Full
Damp-Heat in the Stomach and Spleen
Acupuncture
b) Other patterns
Cold-Dampness in the Stomach and Spleen
Phlegm in the Lungs
19. Flapping alae nasi (outside of the nostrils)
a) Acute Lung-Heat
b) Lung-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
c) Invasion of Wind-Heat
20. Ulcers on the nose
a) Lung-Heat
b) Damp-Heat in the Stomach and Spleen
c) Liver-Fire
d) Toxic Heat in the Liver
21. Papules on the nose
a) Stomach-Heat
b) Lung-Heat
c) Blood-Heat in the Lungs
59 Throat
Chapter Contents
1. Sore throat
a) Full
Invasion of Wind-Heat
Acupuncture
b) Empty/Full
Lung- and Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
Acupuncture
c) Other Patterns
Damp-Heat in the Stomach
Stomach-Fire
Deficiency of Qi and Yin
Qi stagnation
2. Redness of the pharynx
a) Invasion of Wind-Heat
b) Stomach-Heat
c) Lung-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
d) Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
3. Redness and swelling of the pharynx
a) Full
Invasion of Wind-Heat with Toxic Heat
Acupuncture
Heat in the Lungs and Stomach
Acupuncture
Toxic Heat
Acupuncture
b) Empty/Full
Lung- and Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
Acupuncture
4. Redness and erosion of the pharynx
a) Full
Heat in the Stomach and Intestines
Acupuncture
b) Empty/Full
Lung-Yin and Stomach-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
Acupuncture
c) Other patterns
Toxic Heat
Severe Yin deficiency
Blood stasis with Phlegm-Heat
5. Swollen tonsils
a) Full
Invasion of Wind-Heat with Toxic Heat
Acupuncture
Toxic Heat in the throat at the Qi level
Acupuncture
Toxic Heat in the Stomach and Intestines
Acupuncture
b) Empty/Full
Stomach- and Lung-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
Acupuncture
6. Phlegm in the throat
a) Full
Phlegm-Heat in the Lungs
Acupuncture
Damp-Phlegm in the Lungs
Acupuncture
b) Other patterns
Phlegm with Lung-Qi stagnation
Phlegm obstructing the clear orifices
Phlegm-Heat and Wind
Spleen- and Kidney-Yang deficiency
7. Goitre (swelling of the sides of the neck)
a) Full
Qi stagnation and Phlegm
Acupuncture
Liver-Fire blazing with Phlegm-Heat
Acupuncture
b) Full-Empty
Liver-Qi stagnation, Spleen-Qi deficiency and Phlegm
Acupuncture
c) Other patterns
Blood stasis and Phlegm
Heart- and Liver-Yin deficiency with Phlegm
8. Itchy throat
a) Invasion of Wind
b) Lung-Yin deficiency
c) Lung Dryness
d) Dryness invading the Lungs
9. Dry throat
a) Empty
Lung-Yin deficiency
Acupuncture
Kidney-Yin deficiency
Acupuncture
b) Other patterns
Stomach-Yin deficiency
Liver-Yin deficiency
Invasion of Wind-Heat
Heat in the Stomach and Spleen
Heat in the Liver and Gall-Bladder
Lesser Yang pattern (6 Stages)
Gall-Bladder Heat pattern (Qi level of 4 levels)
Wind-Dryness-Heat invading the Lungs
10. Hoarse voice or loss of voice
a) Empty
Lung- and Kidney-Yin deficiency
Acupuncture
Lung-Yin deficiency
Acupuncture
b) Other patterns
Invasion of Wind-Heat and Dryness
Lung-Heat
Blood stasis and Phlegm
11. White purulent spots in the throat
a) Epidemic Toxic Heat on the Exterior
b) Epidemic Toxic Heat in the Interior
c) Turbid Phlegm in the throat
d) Lung- and Kidney-Yin deficiency
e) Lung- and Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
f) Heat in the Lungs and Stomach
g) Kidney-Yang deficiency
12. Feeling of obstruction of the throat
a) Full
Liver-Qi stagnation
Acupuncture
Lung- and Stomach-Qi stagnation
Acupuncture
Qi stagnation and Phlegm
Acupuncture
b) Other patterns
Lung-Yin deficiency
Kidney-Yin deficiency
13. Redness on the throat
a) Heart-Fire
b) Heart-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
c) Lung-Heat
d) Lung-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
e) Liver-Yang rising
f) Liver-Fire
60 Mouth, Tongue, Teeth, Gums, Lips, Palate, and Philtrum
Chapter Contents
1. Mouth
a) Mouth ulcers
Full
Stomach-Heat
Acupuncture
Heart-fire
Acupuncture
Empty
Stomach- and Spleen-Qi deficiency with Yin Fire
Acupuncture
Empty/full
Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
Acupuncture
Other patterns
Liver-Fire
Toxic Heat
Invasion of Wind-Heat with Phlegm
Invasion of Wind-Cold with Kidney deficiency
b) Cold sores
Full
Invasion of Wind-Heat
Acupuncture
Damp-Heat in the Stomach
Acupuncture
Empty/Full
Stomach-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
Acupuncture
Other patterns
Stomach-Heat
Heat in the Large Intestine
Damp-Heat in the Large Intestine
c) Cracked corners of the mouth
Stomach-Heat
Stomach-Yin deficiency
Stomach-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
d) Itching around the mouth
Stomach-Heat
Liver-Blood deficiency with Empty Wind
Damp-Heat in Stomach and Spleen
Disharmony of Penetrating and Directing vessels
e) Dribbling from the corners of the mouth
Spleen-Qi deficiency
Lung-Qi deficiency with Empty Cold
Stomach- and Spleen-Heat
Wind-Phlegm
Invasion of External Wind
f) Trembling mouth
Liver-Blood and Liver-Yin deficiency with internal Wind
Qi stagnation and Phlegm
Stomach-Heat
Liver-Wind
g) Mouth open
Lung-Qi deficiency with Phlegm
Heart-Fire
Heart-Qi deficiency
h) Deviation of the mouth
Liver-Wind
Liver-Wind and Phlegm
Invasion of Wind-Cold in the channels of the face
Liver-Qi stagnation
Deficiency of Qi and Blood
Toxic Heat in the channels of the face
2. Tongue
a) Itchy tongue
Heart-Fire
Heart-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
Heart- and Kidney-Yin deficiency
Invasion of Wind-Heat
b) Painful tongue
Heart-Fire
Heart-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
Stomach-Fire
Stomach-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
Liver-Fire
Phlegm-Fire harassing the heart
c) Numbness of the tongue
Heart-Blood deficiency
Phlegm obstructing the Heart
Liver-Wind
Liver-Wind and Phlegm
Spleen-Qi deficiency
Chronic Blood stasis
d) Tongue ulcers
Full
Heart-Fire
Acupuncture
Damp-Heat in the Small Intestine
Acupuncture
Empty/Full
Heart-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
Acupuncture
Other patterns
Full Heat in the Small Intestine
3. Teeth
a) Toothache
Stomach-Fire
Damp-Heat in the Stomach
Stomach-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
Stomach- and Spleen-Qi deficiency
Heat in Large Intestine
Damp-Heat in the Large Intestine
Heat in the Spleen and Heart
Invasion of External Wind
‘Wind-Cold in the Brain’
b) Tooth cavities
Damp-Heat in the Stomach and Spleen
Stomach- and Spleen-Qi deficiency
Damp-Heat in the Large Intestine
Kidney deficiency
c) Loose teeth
Stomach-Heat
Kidney deficiency
Spleen-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
d) Grinding of the teeth
Liver-Qi invading the Spleen
Stomach- and Heart-Fire
Retention of Food
Deficiency of Qi and Blood
Internal Empty Wind
Invasion of External Wind
e) Plaque
Stomach-Heat
Heat in the Stomach and Kidneys
Kidney-Yin deficiency
f) Dry and white teeth
Acute Interior Heat following an invasion of Wind-Heat
Stomach-Heat
g) Dry and dull teeth
Kidney-Yin deficiency
Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
Liver-Blood deficiency
h) Yellow and dry teeth
Damp-Heat in the Stomach and Spleen with predominance of Heat
Kidney-Yin deficiency
Accumulation of Cold in the abdomen with False Yang above
i) Grey teeth
Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
j) Upper teeth moist and lower teeth dry
Kidney- and Heart-Yin deficiency with Heart Empty Heat (Kidneys and Heart not harmonized)
4. Gums
a) Inflamed gums
Full
Stomach-Heat
Acupuncture
Empty/Full
Stomach-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
Acupuncture
Other patterns
Invasion of Wind-Heat
Purple Leg Teeth Nutritional Impairment Pattern
‘Walking Crow’ Teeth Nutritional Impairment Pattern
b) Bleeding gums
Empty
Deficient Spleen-Qi not holding Blood
Acupuncture
Full/Empty
Stomach-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
Acupuncture
Full
Stomach-Fire
Acupuncture
Other patterns
Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
c) Receding gums
Deficiency of Qi and Blood
Stomach-Fire
Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
d) Gums oozing pus
Stomach-Fire
Invasion of Wind-Heat with Toxic Heat
Severe deficiency of Qi and Blood with Toxic Heat
e) Pale gums
Spleen-Qi deficiency
Blood deficiency
Spleen-Yang deficiency with Empty Cold
f) Red gums
Stomach-Heat
Stomach-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
Spleen-Heat
Spleen Empty Heat
g) Purple gums
Blood stasis in the Stomach
Heat at the Blood level in febrile diseases
5. Lips
a) Pale lips
Deficiency of Qi and Blood of the Spleen
Liver-Blood deficiency
Spleen-Yang deficiency with Empty Cold
b) Red lips
Full-Heat
Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
Invasion of Wind-Heat
Acute Heat at the Qi level in febrile diseases (Heat)
Acute Heat at the Qi level in febrile diseases (Fire)
c) Purple lips
Blood Stasis
Severe Spleen-Yang deficiency with Empty Cold
Severe Kidney-Yang deficiency with Empty Cold
Internal Full Cold
Turbid Phlegm in the Lungs
Heat at the Nutritive-Qi or Blood level in acute febrile diseases
Bluish-greenish lips
Internal Cold
Stagnation of Qi and stasis of Blood
e) Yellow lips
Damp-Heat in the Stomach and Spleen
Cold-Dampness in the Stomach and Spleen
Full Heat with Blood stasis
f) Dry or cracked lips
Stomach- and Spleen-Yin deficiency
Full Heat
Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
Liver-Blood deficiency
Blood stasis
g) Trembling lips
Spleen-Qi deficiency
Blood Deficiency with Empty Wind
Stomach-Fire
h) Peeled lips
Spleen-Heat
Spleen-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
i) Swollen lips
Toxic Heat affecting Stomach and Spleen
Damp-Heat in the Stomach and Spleen
Wind-Heat in the skin
j) Inverted lips
Severe Yang deficiency
Severe Yin deficiency
k) Drooping lips
Spleen-Qi deficient and sinking
Spleen- and Kidney-Yang deficiency
l) Abnormal lip colour in pregnancy
Blood deficiency
Severe Blood deficiency
Blood stasis from Cold
6. Palate
a) Pale palate
Stomach- and Spleen-Qi deficiency
Stomach- and Spleen-Yang deficiency
b) Dull-pale palate
Spleen- and Liver-Blood deficiency
Deficiency of Qi and Blood
c) Yellow palate
Chronic Stomach- and Spleen-Qi deficiency
Dampness in the Stomach and Spleen
d) Red palate
Full Heat
e) Purple palate
Blood stasis
7. Philtrum
a) Flat philtrum
Kidney deficiency
Damp-Heat in the Stomach and Spleen
b) Stiff-looking philtrum
Blood stasis
c) Pale philtrum
Qi deficiency
Full Cold
Empty Cold
d) Red philtrum
Heat in the Blood
Invasion of Wind-Heat
Damp-Heat in the Intestines
e) Bluish-greenish philtrum
Internal Cold
Liver-Qi stagnation
f) Dark philtrum
Heat in the Blood
Damp-Heat in the Lower Burner
61 Eyes
Chapter Contents
1. Blurred vision and floaters
a) Empty
Liver-Blood deficiency
Acupuncture
Liver-Yin deficiency
Acupuncture
Kidney-Yin deficiency
Acupuncture
b) Full
Turbid Phlegm in the head
Acupuncture
c) Other patterns
Liver-Yang rising
Heart-Blood deficiency
Liver-Fire
Heat in the Gall-Bladder
Deficiency of Minister Fire (Kidney-Yang deficiency)
Spleen-Qi deficiency
2. Itchy eyes
Liver-Blood deficiency
Liver-Yin deficiency
Liver-Fire
Heart-Fire
Liver-Wind
Damp-Heat in the Gall-Bladder
Invasion of Wind-Heat
3. Dry eyes
a) Empty
Liver-Yin deficiency
Acupuncture
Kidney-Yin deficiency
Acupuncture
b) Full
Liver-Fire
Acupuncture
c) Other patterns
Heart-Yin deficiency
Severe Liver-Blood deficiency
Lung- and Kidney-Yin deficiency
4. Hot and painful eyes
a) Full
Liver-Fire
Acupuncture
Heart-Fire
Acupuncture
b) Other patterns
Liver-Yang rising
Liver-Wind
Damp-Heat in the head
Phlegm-Heat
Blood Stasis in the head
Liver-Blood deficiency
Heart-Blood deficiency
Kidney deficiency
Deficiency of Qi and Yin
Invasion of Wind-Heat
5. Streaming eyes
Liver-Blood deficiency
Kidney-Yang deficiency
Liver-Blood deficiency with Liver-Heat
Liver-Fire
Kidney- and Liver-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
Heart-Fire
Damp-Phlegm in the Spleen and Lungs
Empty Cold in the Liver channel
Invasion of Wind-Heat
Invasion of Wind-Cold
6. Discharge from the eyes
Liver-Fire
Heart-Fire
Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
Deficiency of Qi and Blood
Invasion of Wind-Heat
Toxic Heat (Measles)
7. Yellow eyes (sclera)
Damp-Heat with predominance of Heat
Damp-Heat with predominance of Dampness
Cold-Dampness
Toxic Heat
Liver-Blood deficiency
Blood stasis
8. Red eyes (sclera)
Liver-Fire
Heart-Fire
Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
Invasion of Wind-Heat
Lung-Heat or Phlegm-Heat
Damp-Heat in the Bladder
9. Bluish-greenish eyes (sclera)
Liver-Wind
Internal Cold
Kidney-Yin deficiency
10. Dark eyes (sclera)
Phlegm
Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency
Severe Full Heat
11. Red corners of the eyes
Liver-Fire
Heart-Fire
Lung-Heat
Liver-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
Heart-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
Lung-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
Damp-Heat
Invasion of Wind-Heat
12. Pale corners of the eye
Blood deficiency
Yang deficiency
13. Stye
Heat in Lungs and Spleen
Heat in Lungs and Stomach
Spleen-Qi deficiency with Dampness
Damp-Heat in the Stomach and Spleen
14. Red eyelids
Damp-Heat in the Stomach and Spleen
Spleen-Heat
Stomach-Heat
Invasion of Wind-Heat
15. Dark eyelids
Kidney deficiency
Cold-Phlegm
Phlegm-Heat
Wind-Phlegm
16. Green eyelids
Stomach-Cold
17. Pale eyelids
Blood deficiency
Yang deficiency
Retention of Food
18. Swollen eyelids
Invasion of Wind-Heat
Spleen-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
Spleen-Heat
Water overflowing
Cold-Phlegm
19. Boil on the eyelid
Toxic Heat in the Stomach
Deficiency of Qi and Yin
Spleen-Qi deficiency
Spleen-Qi deficiency with Damp-Heat
Invasion of Wind-Heat
20. Pain of the eyelids
Heat in Lungs and Spleen
Heat in Lungs and Stomach
21. Flapping eyelids
Blood deficiency with Internal Wind
Stomach- and Spleen-Qi deficiency
Invasion of Wind-Cold
22. Drooping eyelids
Stomach- and Spleen-Qi deficient and sinking
Deficiency of Qi and Blood
Liver and Kidney deficiency
Stagnation of Qi and stasis of Blood
Stomach-Heat
Invasion of Wind
23. Loss of control of the eyelids
Liver-Blood deficiency
Liver-Qi invading the Spleen
Wind-Heat affecting the Liver channel
Childhood Nutritional Impairment
24. Nodules within the eyelids
Damp-Phlegm obstructing the Spleen
Phlegm-Heat obstructing the Spleen
25. Small red grains inside the eyelids
Damp-Heat in the Spleen
Wind-Heat affecting the Spleen channel
26. Redness inside the lower lids
Full Heat
Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
27. Strabismus
Kidney-Essence deficiency
Liver-Wind
Liver-Yang rising
Severe, chronic deficiency of Qi and Blood of the Liver
Internal Cold
Liver- Blood stasis
Toxic Heat
Phlegm obstructing Lungs and Spleen
28. Myopia
Liver-Blood deficiency
Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency
29. Hyperopia
Kidney-Essence deficiency
Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
Deficiency of Qi and Blood
30. Decreased night vision
Liver-Blood deficiency
Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency
Spleen-Qi deficiency
Spleen- and Kidney-Yang deficiency
Deficiency of Qi and Blood
31. Glaucoma
Stagnant Liver-Qi turned into Heat rebelling upwards
Liver-Fire
Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
Empty Cold in the Liver channel
32. Decreased visual acuity
a) Empty
Liver-Blood deficiency
Acupuncture
Liver-Yin deficiency
Acupuncture
Kidney-Yin deficiency
Acupuncture
b) Full
Turbid Phlegm obstructing the head’s orifices
Acupuncture
c) Other patterns
Heart-Blood deficiency
33. Feeling of distension of the eyes
Liver-Fire
Liver-Yang rising
Liver-Wind
Phlegm obstructing the Lungs and Spleen
Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
Liver-Qi stagnation
Damp-Heat in Liver and Gall-Bladder
34. Protruding eyeball
Liver-Fire
Heart-Fire
Liver-Qi stagnation and Phlegm
Liver-Wind
Liver-Wind with Phlegm-Heat
Liver-Qi stagnation
Liver-Qi stagnation and Liver-Blood stasis
Damp-Heat in Liver and Gall-Bladder
Toxic Heat
Deficiency of Kidney-Yin and Kidney-Yang
Deficiency of Qi and Blood
Rebellious Lung-Qi (Lung-Qi not descending)
Invasion of Wind-Heat
35. Sunken eyeball
Severe, chronic, Lung- and Spleen-Qi deficiency
Spleen-Qi deficiency following food poisoning
Collapse of Yin or Yang
36. Scaly eyeballs
Lung-Heat
Heart-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
Invasion of Wind-Heat
37. Ecchymosis under conjunctiva
Liver-Fire
Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
Invasion of Wind-Heat
Dry-Heat invading the Lungs
Liver Phlegm-Fire
38. Red veins in the eyes
Liver-Fire
Liver-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
Heart-Fire
Heart-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
Kidney-Essence deficiency
39. Drooping red membrane
Liver-Fire
Heat in the Lungs and Spleen
Wind-Heat affecting the Liver and Lung channels
40. Red membrane in the corner of the eye
Liver-Fire
Heart-Fire
Heart-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
Heat in the Lung channel
Heat in the Stomach and Spleen
Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
41. Red ring around the pupil
Liver-Fire
Heat in the Stomach and Spleen
Qi deficiency with Internal Wind
42. Corneal opacity
Kidney-Yin deficiency
Deficiency of Qi and Blood
Wind-Heat affecting the Liver channel
Toxic Heat
43. Scarring after corneal opacity
Kidney-Yin deficiency
Stomach-Yin deficiency
Stagnation of Qi and stasis of Blood
44. White specks
Phlegm obstructing the Lungs
Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency
Yang deficiency with internal Cold
45. White membrane on the pupil in children
Spleen-Qi deficiency with Dampness
Spleen-Qi deficiency
Retention of Food
Spleen- and Kidney-Yang deficiency
46. Yellow fluid between the pupil and the iris
Heat in the Stomach and Spleen
Stomach and Spleen deficient and Cold
Damp-Heat in Stomach and Spleen
47. Bleeding between the pupil and the iris
Liver-Fire
Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency and Blood deficiency
Deficient Spleen-Qi not holding Blood
48. Staring, fixed eyes
Heart-Fire
Phlegm-Heat in the Heart
49. Dilated pupils
Kidney-Yang deficiency
Deficiency of Qi and Yin
Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
Liver-Wind with Phlegm
Collapse of Yang
50. Contracted pupils
Liver-Fire
Liver-Wind
Liver-Blood stasis in the Connecting channels of the Brain (Eye System)
Toxic Heat at the Blood Level
Damp-Heat in the Stomach and Spleen
Invasion of Wind-Heat
51. Closed eyes
Excess of Yin
Heat in febrile disease (Blood level)
Wind-stroke (acute stage)
52. Open eyes
Wind-stroke (acute stage)
Stomach- and Spleen-Qi deficiency
53. Quivering eyeball
Internal Wind (acute stage of Wind-stroke)
Empty Wind from Blood deficiency
Kidney-Essence deficiency
Liver-Qi invading the Spleen
54. Eyeball turning up
Heat generating Wind (Blood level of the Four Levels)
Stagnant Blood generating Wind
Internal Wind
Kidney deficiency
55. Inverted eyelashes
Lung- and Spleen-Qi deficiency
Damp-Heat in Stomach and Spleen
Empty-Cold in the Bladder
Invasion of Wind-Heat
56. Sudden blindness
Liver-Fire
Liver-Blood stasis
Phlegm-Heat in the Liver
Phlegm-Heat in the Heart
Liver-Wind
Heat at the Blood level (within the Four Levels)
57. Cataract
Stomach- and Spleen-Qi deficiency
Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency
Heart- and Kidney-Yin deficiency
62 Neck, Shoulders and Upper Back
Chapter Contents
Neck and shoulders
1. Stiff neck
a) Full
Wind-Damp Painful Obstruction Syndrome
Acupuncture
Liver-Qi stagnation
Acupuncture
Liver-Yang rising
Acupuncture
Invasion of Wind-Cold
Acupuncture
b) Empty
Kidney deficiency
Acupuncture
c) Other patterns
Liver-Wind
2. Rigidity of the neck
a) Full
Cold Painful Obstruction Syndrome
Acupuncture
Liver-Qi stagnation
Acupuncture
Liver-Yang rising
Acupuncture
b) Other patterns
Liver-Wind
3. Neck pain
a) Full
Wind-Damp Painful Obstruction Syndrome
Acupuncture
Liver-Qi stagnation
Acupuncture
Liver-Yang rising
Acupuncture
Invasion of Wind
Acupuncture
b) Other patterns
Liver-Wind
4. Soft neck
Severe deficiency of Qi and Blood
Kidney-Yang deficiency
5. Deviated neck
Kidney-Essence deficiency
Liver-Qi stagnation
6. Wide neck
Qi stagnation with Phlegm
Phlegm with Blood stasis
Liver-Fire
7. Thin neck
Severe deficiency of Qi and Blood
Severe Yin deficiency
8. Swollen neck glands
a) Full
Invasion of Wind-Heat with Toxic Heat
Acupuncture
Toxic Heat with Qi and Yin deficiency
Acupuncture
b) Full-Empty
Residual Damp-Heat with Qi deficiency
Acupuncture
c) Other patterns
Toxic Heat with Blood stasis
9. Pulsation of the carotid artery
Kidney- and Heart-Yang deficiency with Water overflowing to the Heart
Chronic Phlegm in the Lungs
10. Shoulder ache
Damp-Cold
Wind-Cold
Stagnation of Qi and stasis of Blood
11. Frozen shoulder
Cold
Damp-Cold
Blood stasis
Upper back
12. Upper backache
Invasion of Wind-Cold
Stagnation of Qi and stasis of Blood
Damp-Cold
Liver-Yang rising
Liver-Qi stagnation
13. Cold upper back
Invasion of Wind-Cold
Yang deficiency
14. Hot upper back
Lung-Heat
Lung-Yin deficiency
15. Stiffness of the back as if wearing a tight belt
Girdle Vessel Pathology
Damp-Heat in the Liver channel
63 Chest
Chapter Contents
1. Acute cough
a) Full
Invasion of Wind-Cold
Acupuncture
Invasion of Wind-Heat
Acupuncture
Phlegm-Heat in the Lungs
Acupuncture
Lung-Heat
Acupuncture
Residual dryness and Phlegm in the Lungs
Acupuncture
b) Other patterns
Residual dryness in the Lungs
Invasion of Wind-Dryness
2. Chronic cough
a) Full
Damp-Phlegm in the Lungs
Acupuncture
Phlegm-Dryness in the Lungs
Acupuncture
b) Empty
Lung-Yin deficiency
Acupuncture
Lung-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
Acupuncture
c) Other patterns
Lung-dryness
Lung-Qi deficiency
Cold-Phlegm in the Lungs
Liver-Fire insulting the Lungs
Phlegm-Fluids in the Lungs
3. Coughing blood
Lung-Heat
Phlegm-Heat in the Lungs
Lung-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
Invasion of Wind-Heat
Lung- and Spleen-Qi deficiency
Lung-Heat at the Blood level (Four Levels)
4. Breathlessness
a) Empty
Lung-Qi deficiency
Acupuncture
Lung-Yin deficiency
Acupuncture
b) Full
Phlegm-Heat in the Lungs
Acupuncture
Damp-Phlegm in the Lungs
Acupuncture
c) Other patterns
Kidneys not receiving Qi
Lung-Qi stagnation
Lung-Heat
Cold-Phlegm in the Lungs
Kidney-Yang deficiency with Phlegm
Kidney-Yang deficiency with Water overflowing to the Lungs
Phlegm in the Lungs with Lung-Qi deficiency
Lung-Qi and Kidney-Yang deficiency
Rebellious Qi of the Penetrating Vessel
Liver-Fire insulting the Lungs
5. Wheezing
a) Full
Phlegm-Heat in the Lungs
Acupuncture
Damp-Phlegm in the Lungs
Acupuncture
b) Other patterns
Cold-Phlegm in the Lungs
Lung-Yang deficiency with Phlegm
Lung-Yin deficiency with Phlegm
Lung-Qi deficiency with Phlegm
Spleen-Qi deficiency with Phlegm
Kidney-Yang deficiency with Phlegm
6. Chest pain
a) Full
Heart-Blood stasis
Acupuncture
Phlegm-Heat in the Lungs
Acupuncture
b) Other patterns
Heart-Yang deficiency
Heart-Yang deficiency with Phlegm
Liver-Qi stagnation
Rebellious Qi in the Penetrating Vessel
Lung-Qi stagnation
Damp-Heat in the Liver and Gall-Bladder channels
7. Pain in the ribs
Liver-Qi stagnation
Liver-Blood stasis
Damp-Heat in the Liver and Gall-Bladder
8. Feeling of oppression of the chest
Phlegm in the Lungs
Lung-Qi stagnation
Liver-Qi stagnation
Rebellious Qi in the Penetrating Vessel
Heart-Yang deficiency with Phlegm
9. Feeling of distension of the chest
Liver-Qi stagnation
Lung-Qi stagnation
10. Feeling of heat of the chest
Lung-Heat
Lung-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
Heart-Fire
Heart-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
Residual heat in the Diaphragm
11. Heart feeling vexed
a) Full
Heart-Fire
Acupuncture
Phlegm-Heat in the Heart
Acupuncture
b) Full/Empty
Heart-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
Acupuncture
c) Other patterns
Qi and Yin deficiency of the Heart
Residual Heat in the Diaphragm
12. Palpitations
Shock affecting the Heart
Kidney-Yang deficiency with Water overflowing to the Heart
Rebellious-Qi in the Penetrating Vessel affecting the Heart
13. Palpitations under the heart
Heart-Yang deficiency
Heart-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
Phlegm-Fire harassing the Heart
Rebellious Qi in the Penetrating Vessel
Kidney-Yang deficiency with Water overflowing to the Heart
14. Feeling of stuffiness under the heart
Heat
Cold
Phlegm
Rebellious Qi in the Penetrating Vessel
Phlegm-Fluids
15. Heart beat displaced downwards
Heart-Qi deficiency with Heart-Blood stasis
Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency
Phlegm-Fluids obstructing the Heart
Toxic Heat invading the Heart
16. Heart beat displaced upwards
Kidney- and Heart-Yang deficiency with Water overflowing
17. Heart beat displaced to the left
Phlegm-Fluids in the chest and hypochondrium
Liver-Blood stasis with Water overflowing
18. Heart beat displaced to the right
Heart-Qi deficiency with Heart-Blood stasis
Phlegm-Fluids in the chest and hypochondrium
19. Heart beat below the xyphoid process
Heart-Blood stasis
Heart-Qi deficiency
20. Protruding chest
Chronic Phlegm in the Lungs
Severe Liver-Qi stagnation
Liver-Blood stasis
21. Sunken chest
Lung-Qi deficiency
Lung-Yin deficiency
Kidney-Yang deficiency
Lung- and Kidney-Yin deficiency
22. Protruding sternum
Constitutional deficiency of Lungs and Kidneys
Phlegm in the Lungs
23. Chest sunken on one side
Lung-Yin deficiency
Phlegm-Fluids in the Lungs
Phlegm-Fluids in the Lungs with Blood stasis
24. Chest protruding on one side
Phlegm-Fluids in the Lungs
Severe Liver-Qi stagnation
Heart-Qi deficiency with Blood stasis
25. Gynaecomastia
Liver-Blood stasis
Damp-Heat in the Penetrating vessel
26. Yawning
Liver-Qi stagnation
Lung-Qi stagnation
Stagnation of Qi and stasis of Blood
Spleen- and Kidney-Yang deficiency
27. Sighing
Liver-Qi stagnation
Lung-Qi stagnation
Spleen- and Heart-Qi deficiency
64 Limbs
Chapter Contents
1. Muscle ache in the limbs
a) Full
Dampness in the muscles
Acupuncture
Liver-Qi stagnation
Acupuncture
b) Empty
Liver-Blood deficiency
Acupuncture
c) Other patterns
Phlegm-Heat in the muscles
2. Pain in the limbs
a) Full
Wind
Acupuncture
Cold
Acupuncture
Dampness
Acupuncture
b) Empty
Qi and Blood deficiency
Acupuncture
Liver and Kidney deficiency
Acupuncture
c) Other patterns
Damp-Heat
3. Cold hands and feet
a) Empty
Yang deficiency
Acupuncture
Blood deficiency
Acupuncture
b) Full
Qi stagnation
Acupuncture
c) Other patterns
Phlegm
Heat stagnating in the Interior (True Heat – False Cold)
4. Hot hands and feet
a) Damp-Heat
b) Heart- and Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
c) Stomach-Heat
d) Stomach-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
5. Numbness/tingling of the limbs
a) Empty
Liver-Blood deficiency
Acupuncture
b) Full
Phlegm in the limbs
Acupuncture
Dampness
Acupuncture
c) Other patterns
Wind-Phlegm
Liver-Wind
Damp-Heat
Qi stagnation and Blood stasis
Invasion of Wind-Cold
6. Weakness of the limbs
a) Stomach-Qi deficiency
b) Deficiency of Qi and Blood
c) Kidney-Yang deficiency
7. Feeling of heaviness of the limbs
a) Full
Dampness
Acupuncture
Damp-Heat
Acupuncture
Phlegm in the limbs
Acupuncture
b) Full/Empty
Spleen-Qi deficiency with Dampness
Acupuncture
c) Other patterns
Kidney-Yang deficiency with Dampness
Stomach- and Spleen-Qi deficiency with Dampness
8. Atrophy of the limbs
a) Stomach- and Spleen-Qi deficiency
b) Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency
c) Spleen- and Kidney-Yang deficiency
d) Deficiency of Qi and Blood
e) Kidney-Essence deficiency
9. Flaccidity of the limbs
a) Stomach- and Spleen-Qi deficiency
b) Damp-Heat in the Stomach and Spleen
c) Kidney-Yin deficiency
d) Qi deficiency with Blood stasis
e) Heat at the Nutritive-Qi level
10. Oedema of limbs
a) Empty
Spleen-Yang deficiency
Acupuncture
Kidney-Yang deficiency
Acupuncture
b) Full
Dampness
Acupuncture
Qi Stagnation
Acupuncture
c) Other patterns
Lung-Qi deficiency
Cold-Dampness
Qi deficiency and Blood stasis
Wind-Water invading the Lungs
11. Swelling of the joints of limbs
a) Damp Painful Obstruction (Bi) syndrome
b) Phlegm in the joints
12. Rigidity of limbs
a) Wind in the joints
b) Qi stagnation and Blood stasis
c) Liver-Yang rising
d) Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency
e) Liver-Wind
f) Wind-Phlegm
13. Paralysis of the limbs
a) Stomach- and Spleen-Qi deficiency
b) Deficiency of Qi and Blood
c) Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency
d) Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency with Internal Wind
e) Retention of Dampness in the muscles
f) Liver-Blood stasis
g) Wind and Phlegm in the channels
14. Contraction of limbs
a) Liver-Blood deficiency
b) Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency
c) Cold-Dampness
d) Internal Wind
e) Invasion of Wind-Cold
f) Phlegm
g) Blood stasis
15. Feeling of distension of the limbs
a) Qi stagnation with Dampness
b) Blood stasis from Qi deficiency
c) Wind-Phlegm
16. Tremor or spasticity of limbs
a) Liver-Wind
b) Wind-Phlegm
c) Liver-Blood or -Yin deficiency leading to Empty Wind
d) Heat generating Wind
18. Convulsions of the limbs
a) Liver-Yang rising generating Liver-Wind
b) Liver-Blood deficiency leading to Liver-Wind
c) Liver-Wind and Phlegm
d) Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency and Liver-Blood deficiency giving rise to Liver-Wind
e) Heat victorious stirring Wind (Blood Level)
f) Yin deficiency generating Empty Wind (Blood Level)
65 Arms
Chapter Contents
1. Pain in the elbow
a) Full
Invasion of Cold-Dampness
Acupuncture
b) Stagnation of Qi and stasis of Blood
Acupuncture
b) Other patterns
Invasion of Cold
Damp-Heat
2. Cold hands
a) Empty
Heart-Yang deficiency
Acupuncture
Lung-Yang deficiency
Acupuncture
Heart-Blood deficiency
Acupuncture
Spleen-Yang deficiency
Acupuncture
b) Other patterns
Liver-Qi stagnation
Phlegm in the channels
3. Hot hands
a) Heart-Fire
b) Lung-Heat
c) Stomach-Heat
d) Heart-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
e) Lung-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
f) Stomach-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
g) Stomach Damp-Heat
h) Invasion of Wind
4. Pale hands
a) Heart-Yang deficiency
b) Lung-Yang deficiency
c) Liver-Blood deficiency
d) Heart-Blood deficiency
5. Red dorsum of the hands
a) Full Heat
6. Red palms
a) Empty Heat
7. Sweaty palms
a) Empty
Lung-Qi deficiency
Acupuncture
Lung-Yang deficiency
Acupuncture
Lung-Yin deficiency
Acupuncture
Heart-Qi deficiency
Acupuncture
Heart-Yang deficiency
Acupuncture
Heart-Yin deficiency
Acupuncture
b) Other patterns
Lung-Heat
Heart-Fire
8. Pain in the hands
a) Wind
b) Cold
c) Dampness
d) Damp-Heat in the channels
e) Liver-Qi stagnation
f) Stagnation of Qi and stasis of Blood
g) Blood deficiency
h) Heart-Yang deficiency
i) Lung-Yang deficiency
j) Stomach-Yang deficiency
k) Heart-Yin deficiency
l) Lung-Yin deficiency
9. Itchy hands
a) Dampness
b) Damp-Heat
c) Invasion of Wind
d) Blood deficiency leading to Wind in the skin
10. Numbness/tingling of the hands
Liver-Blood deficiency
a) Phlegm
b) Wind-Phlegm
c) Liver-Wind
d) Dampness
e) Damp-Heat
f) Stagnation of Qi and stasis of Blood
g) Invasion of external Wind
11. Tremor of the hands
a) Liver-Wind
b) Liver-Wind and Phlegm
c) Liver-Blood or Liver-Yin deficiency leading to Wind
d) Heat generating Wind
12. Oedema of the hands
a) Lung-Yang deficiency
b) Spleen-Yang deficiency
c) Liver-Qi stagnation
13. Swollen fingers
a) Cold-Dampness Painful Obstruction Syndrome
b) Damp-Heat Painful Obstruction Syndrome
c) Wind-Dampness Painful Obstruction Syndrome
d) Lung- and Spleen-Yang deficiency
e) Qi stagnation
f) Blood stasis
g) Liver and Kidney-Yin deficiency with Blood Heat
h) Wind-Water invading the Lungs
14. Deformed knuckles
a) Chronic Painful Obstruction Syndrome with Phlegm
b) Chronic Painful Obstruction Syndrome with Phlegm and Blood stasis
c) Chronic Painful Obstruction with Phlegm and Qi and/or Yin deficiency
15. Contraction of the fingers
a) Liver-Blood deficiency
b) Liver-Yin deficiency
c) Blood stasis
d) Liver-Wind
e) Wind-Phlegm
f) Cold-Dampness
g) Liver-Qi stagnation
h) Invasion of external Wind-Cold
16. Spoon-shaped fingers
a) Cold-Phlegm in the Lungs
b) Phlegm-Heat in the Lungs
c) Lung and Kidney-Yin deficiency
17. Thin, pointed fingers
a) Cold-Dampness in the Stomach
b) Damp-Heat in the Stomach
c) Stomach- and Spleen-Qi deficiency
18. Cracked fingers
a) Liver-Blood deficiency
b) Liver-Blood stasis
c) Yang deficiency with Empty-Cold
19. Tinea (ringworm)
a) External invasion of Wind-Heat
b) External invasion of Damp-Heat
c) Toxic Heat in the skin
20. Thickened fingers
a) Deficiency of Qi and Blood
21. Shrivelled and wrinkled fingers
a) Loss of fluids
22. Dry, cracked, and peeling palms
a) Blood deficiency
b) Blood deficiency with Wind
23. Venules on the thenar eminence
a) Cold in the Stomach
b) Stomach Deficient and Cold
c) Full Heat
d) Empty Heat
e) Blood stasis in the Stomach
f) Damp-Heat in the Stomach
24. Atrophy of the thenar eminence
a) Liver-Blood deficiency
b) Kidney-Yin deficiency
c) Stomach- and Spleen-Qi deficiency
25. Atrophy of the muscles of the dorsum of the hands
a) Liver-Blood deficiency
b) Kidney-Yin deficiency
c) Stomach- and Spleen-Qi deficiency
26. Ridged nails
a) Liver-Blood deficiency
b) Liver-Yin deficiency
27. Thickening of the nails
a) Liver-Fire
b) Liver-Blood stasis
c) Phlegm
28. Coarse and thick nails
a) Qi and Blood deficiency with dryness of Blood generating Wind
29. Cracked nails
a) Qi and Blood deficiency with dryness of Blood
b) Yin deficiency
c) Liver-Blood stasis
30. Nails falling off
a) Toxic Heat in the Liver
31. Indented nails
a) Liver-Blood deficient and dry
b) Deficiency of Qi and Blood
c) Heat injuring fluids
32. Thin and brittle nails
a) Qi and Blood deficiency
b) Liver-Yin deficiency
c) Liver-Blood stasis
d) Phlegm in the joints
e) Kidney-Essence deficiency
33. Withered and brittle nails
a) Liver-Blood deficiency
b) Liver-Yin deficiency
c) Liver-Blood stasis
d) Liver-Fire
e) Kidney-Yin deficiency
Phlegm
Blood Dryness and Empty Heat in acute febrile diseases
34. Withered and thickened nails
a) Severe Stomach- and Spleen-Qi deficiency
b) Liver-Blood deficient and dry
c) Liver-Yin deficiency
d) Damp-Heat with Toxic Heat
35. Curling nails
a) Qi and Blood deficiency with Blood stasis
36. Flaking nails
a) Spleen and Kidney deficiency with Dampness
37. Twisted nails
a) Liver-Blood deficiency
38. Nails with white spots
a) Qi deficiency
39. Pale-white nails
a) Liver- and Spleen-Blood deficiency
40. Dull-white nails
a) Spleen- and Kidney-Yang deficiency
b) Loss of fluids
41. Red nails
a) Full Heat
42. Yellow nails
a) Damp-Heat in the Stomach and Spleen
b) Damp-Heat in the Liver and Gall-Bladder
c) Phlegm
43. Bluish-greenish nails
a) Liver-Blood deficiency with internal Cold
b) Severe Spleen-Qi deficiency with internal Wind (children)
c) Liver-Blood stasis
44. Dark nails
a) Kidney deficiency
b) Blood stasis
45. Purple nails
a) Liver-Blood stasis
b) Heat at the Blood Level
46. Small or absent lunulae
a) Chronic Qi and Blood deficiency
b) Yang Deficiency
c) Internal Cold
47. Large lunulae
a) Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
66 Legs
Chapter Contents
1. Oedema of the feet
a) Empty
Spleen-Yang deficiency
Acupuncture
Kidney-Yang deficiency
Acupuncture
b) Other patterns
Damp-Heat
Qi Stagnation and stasis of Blood
Cold-Dampness
Qi deficiency and Blood stasis
2. Atrophy of the legs
a) Stomach- and Spleen-Qi deficiency
b) Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency
c) Spleen- and Kidney-Yang deficiency
d) Deficiency of Qi and Blood
E) Kidney-essence deficiency
3. Paralysis of the legs
a) Stomach- and Spleen-Qi deficiency
b) Deficiency of Qi and Blood
c) Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency
d) Retention of Dampness in the muscles
e) Liver-Blood stasis
f) Wind and Phlegm in the channels
4. Festination
a) Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency with internal Wind
b) Qi and Blood deficiency with internal Wind
5. Unstable gait
a) Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency with internal Wind
b) Qi and Blood deficiency with internal Wind
6. Staggering gait
a) Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency
b) Phlegm and Blood stasis
7. Stepping gait
a) Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency with internal Wind
b) Qi and Blood deficiency with internal Wind
8. Shuffling gait
a) Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency with Wind-Phlegm in the channels
9. Arched legs
a) Congenital deficiency of Stomach and Spleen
b) Congenital deficiency of Liver and Kidneys
10. Cold feet
a) Empty
Kidney-Yang deficiency
Acupuncture
Liver-Blood deficiency
Acupuncture
Spleen- and Kidney-Yang deficiency
Acupuncture
b) Other patterns
Phlegm in the Lower Burner
11. Pain in the thigh
a) Damp-Heat
b) Cold-Dampness
c) Qi deficiency and Blood stasis
d) Kidney-Yang deficiency
e) Stagnation of Qi and stasis of Blood in the descending branch of the Penetrating Vessel
12. Pain in the hip
a) Stagnation of Qi and stasis of Blood
b) Invasion of Cold and Dampness
13. Pain in the knee
a) Invasion of Cold and Dampness
b) Invasion of Cold
c) Damp-Heat
d) Stagnation of Qi and stasis of Blood
e) Kidney deficiency
14. Pain in the foot
a) Dampness
b) Damp-Heat
c) Kidney deficiency
d) Deficiency of Qi and Blood
e) Damp-Phlegm
15. Weak knees
a) Kidney-Yang deficiency
b) Kidney- and Liver-Yin deficiency
c) Stomach- and Spleen-Qi deficiency
16. Stiff knees
a) Cold-Dampness in the channels
b) Cold in the channels
c) Dampness
d) Damp-Heat
e) Stagnation of Qi and stasis of Blood
f) Kidney-Yang deficiency
17. Weakness of the legs
a) Stomach- and Spleen-Qi deficiency
b) Kidney-Yang deficiency
c) Kidney-Yin deficiency
d) Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency
18. Feeling of heaviness of the legs
a) Full
Dampness
Acupuncture
Damp-Heat
Acupuncture
b) Full/Empty
Spleen-Qi deficiency with Dampness
Acupuncture
Kidney-Yang deficiency with Dampness
Acupuncture
19. Restless legs
a) Empty
Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency
Acupuncture
Stomach-Yin deficiency
Acupuncture
Liver-Blood deficiency
Acupuncture
b) Other patterns
Deficiency of Blood in the Penetrating Vessel
20. Tremor of the legs
a) Liver-Blood or Liver-Yin deficiency leading to Wind
b) Kidney-Yin deficiency with internal Wind
21. Cramps in the calves
a) Liver-Blood deficiency
b) Liver-Blood deficiency with Empty-Wind
c) Wind-Phlegm
d) Liver-Blood stasis
22. Pain in the groin
a) Dampness
b) Stagnation of Qi and stasis of Blood in the Liver channel
c) Girdle Vessel pathology (Damp-Heat)
23. Lower leg ulcers
a) Damp-Heat
b) Spleen-Qi deficiency with Dampness
c) Qi stagnation and Blood stasis
d) Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency
24. Toe ulcers
a) Toxic Heat
b) External Toxic Heat
25. Pain in the soles
a) Stomach-Qi deficiency
b) Stomach-Qi deficiency with Dampness
c) Stomach-Heat
d) Liver-Fire
e) Dampness in the Spleen
f) Kidney-Yang deficiency
g) Kidney-Yin deficiency
h) Kidney deficiency with Dampness
26. Burning sensation in the soles
a) Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
b) Stomach Heat
c) Liver-Fire
67 Lower Back
Chapter Contents
1. Lower backache
a) Empty
Kidney-Yang deficiency
Acupuncture
Kidney-Yin deficiency
Acupuncture
b) Full
Sprain of the back
Acupuncture
Cold-Dampness in the lower back
Acupuncture
Blood stasis in the back
Acupuncture
c) Other patterns
Invasion of Wind-Cold
2. Sciatica
a) Full
Cold-Dampness in the lower back and legs
Acupuncture
Damp-Heat in the lower back and legs
Acupuncture
Stagnation of Qi and stasis of Blood
Acupuncture
b) Empty/Full
Kidney-Yang deficiency with Dampness
Acupuncture
3. Feeling of cold and heaviness of the lower back
a) Kidney-Yang deficiency
b) Cold-Dampness in the back
c) Invasion of Wind-Water
4. Weakness of the lower back and knees
a) Empty
Kidney-Yang deficiency
Acupuncture
b) Other patterns
Kidney-Yin deficiencyc
Cold-Dampness in the lower back
Damp-Heat in the lower back
5. Stiffness of the lower back
a) Stagnation of Qi and stasis of Blood
b) Cold-Dampness in the lower back
c) Kidney-Yang deficiency
6. Coccyx pain
a) Traumatic injury
b) Kidney deficiency
c) Cold-Dampness in the Bladder channel
d) Damp-Heat in the Bladder channel
7. Ulcers on the buttocks
a) Toxic Heat
b) External Toxic Heat
8. Papules or pustules on buttocks
a) Damp-Heat in the Bladder
9. Scoliosis
a) Empty
Kidney-Essence deficiency
Acupuncture
b) Other patterns
Kidney deficiency with Blood stasis
Retention of Wind-Dampness in the channels of the back
10. Lordosis
a) Kidney-Essence deficiency
b) Deficiency of Liver- and Kidney-Yin
c) Retention of Wind-Dampness in the channels of the back
d) Deficiency of the Stomach and Spleen
11. Spine bent forward
a) Kidney-Essence deficiency with weakness of the Governing Vessel
12. Atrophy of the muscles along the spine
a) Spleen-Qi deficiency
13. Spots on the back
a) Wind-Heat with Toxic Heat
b) Damp-Heat
c) Stagnant Liver-Qi turned into Heat
14. Rigidity of the lower back
a) Retention of Damp-Cold
b) Blood stasis
15. Vesicles on the lower back
a) Retention of Damp-Heat
16. Dryness and redness of the skin of the lower back
a) Liver-Fire
b) Heart-Fire
17. Yellow colour of the lower back
a) Damp-Heat in the Spleen and Kidneys
18. Skin marks on the lower back
a) Girdle Vessel pathology with Kidney deficiency
19. Boils on BL-23 shenshu
a) Phlegm with Kidney deficiency
20. Kyphosis
a) Kidney-Essence deficiency in the elderly
b) Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency
c) Deficiency of the Governing Vessel
d) Kidney-Essence deficiency in children
21. Flattening of lumbar spine
a) Qi stagnation
b) Blood stasis
c) Cold
22. List of spine
a) Qi stagnation
b) Blood stasis
c) Cold
68 Body
Chapter Contents
1. Body aches
a) Wind
b) Dampness
c) Qi Stagnation
d) Blood stasis
e) Blood deficiency
f) Stomach-Heat
2. Pain in the joints
a) Invasion of Wind in the joints
b) Invasion of Dampness in the joints
c) Invasion of Cold in the joints
d) Damp-Heat in the joints
e) Stagnation of Qi and stasis of Blood
f) Liver-Blood deficiency
g) Kidney deficiency
3. Paralysis
a) Empty
Stomach- and Spleen-Qi deficiency
Acupuncture
Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency
Acupuncture
b) Empty/Full
Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency with Internal Wind
Acupuncture
c) Other patterns
Kidney-Yang deficiency
Qi and Blood deficiency
Liver-Blood stasis
Cold-Dampness
Damp-Heat
Liver-Qi stagnation and Liver-Blood deficiency
Stomach and Spleen Fluids injured
4. Hemiplegia
a) Wind in the channels
b) Liver-Wind
c) Wind-Phlegm
d) Phlegm-Fire
e) Damp-Phlegm
f) Qi deficiency and Blood stasis
g) Liver and Kidney deficiency
h) Collapse of Yang
i) Collapse of Yin
5. Numbness/tingling
a) Empty
Liver-Blood deficiency
Acupuncture
b) Full
Phlegm in the channels
Acupuncture
Internal Wind
Acupuncture
Wind-Phlegm
Acupuncture
c) Other patterns
Dampness in the channels
Stagnation of Qi and stasis of Blood
6. Numbness of half the body
a) Liver-Blood deficiency
b) Damp-Phlegm
c) Liver-Wind
d) Deficiency of Central Qi
e) Dampness
7. Itching
a) Full
Wind in the skin
Acupuncture
Dampness in the skin
Acupuncture
Damp-Heat in the skin
Acupuncture
Blood Heat
Acupuncture
b) Empty
Blood deficiency
Acupuncture
c) Other patterns
Toxic Heat
8. Oedema
a) Empty
Spleen-Yang deficiency
Acupuncture
Kidney-Yang deficiency
Acupuncture
b) Full
Dampness
Acupuncture
Qi stagnation
Acupuncture
c) Other patterns
Deficiency of Qi and Blood
Wind-Water invading the Lungs
Qi deficiency and Blood stasis
9. Obesity
a) Damp-Phlegm with Qi deficiency
10. Loss of weight
a) Yin deficiency
b) Liver-Blood deficiency
c) Stomach- and Spleen-Qi deficiency
d) Liver-Fire
e) Stomach-Heat
11. Jaundice
a) Damp-Heat in the Gall-Bladder
b) Cold-Dampness in the Gall-Bladder
c) Blood stasis
d) Spleen-Qi deficiency and Blood deficiency
12. Twitching of muscles
a) Spleen- and Kidney-Yang deficiency
b) Heart- or Lung-Yang deficiency with Water Overflowing
c) Deficiency of Qi and Blood
13. Opisthotonos
a) Liver-Wind
69 Digestive System and Taste
Chapter Contents
Digestive System
1. Belching
a) Full
Liver-Qi invading the Stomach
Acupuncture
b) Empty
Stomach- and Spleen-Qi deficiency
Acupuncture
Stomach-Yin deficiency
Acupuncture
c) Other patterns
Stomach-Heat
Retention of food
Stomach deficient and Cold
2. Acid reflux
a) Full
Liver-Qi invading the Stomach
Acupuncture
b) Empty
Stomach-Yin deficiency
Acupuncture
c) Other patterns
Retention of food
Damp-Heat in the Stomach
Cold-Dampness in the Stomach
3. Hiccup
a) Cold in the Stomach
b) Stomach-Heat
c) Stomach-Qi deficiency
d) Stomach-Yin deficiency
e) Liver-Qi invading the Stomach
f) Spleen- and Kidney-Yang deficiency
4. Poor appetite
a) Stomach- and Spleen-Qi deficiency
b) Stomach and Spleen Deficient and Cold
c) Spleen- and Kidney-Yang deficiency
d) Stomach-Yin deficiency
e) Cold-Dampness in the Stomach and Spleen
f) Damp-Heat in the Stomach and Spleen
g) Liver-Qi invading the Stomach
h) Phlegm obstructing the Stomach
i) Food poisoning
5. Nausea
a) Full
Liver-Qi invading the Stomach
Acupuncture
Phlegm obstructing the Stomach
Acupuncture
Cold-Dampness in the Stomach
Acupuncture
Cold in the Stomach
Acupuncture
b) Empty
Stomach-Qi deficiency
Acupuncture
Stomach-Yin deficiency
Acupuncture
c) Other patterns
Stomach-Heat
Food poisoning
Heart-Qi stagnation
6. Vomiting
a) Liver-Qi invading the Stomach
b) Cold in the Stomach
c) Stomach-Heat
d) Stomach-Qi deficiency
e) Stomach deficient and Cold
f) Stomach-Yin deficiency
g) Heat in the Liver and Gall-Bladder
h) Stomach- and Liver-Fire
i) External Cold invading the Stomach
j) Phlegm obstructing the Stomach
k) Cold-Dampness in the Stomach
l) Retention of Food
m) Food poisoning
7. Retching
a) Liver-Qi invading the Stomach
b) Stomach-Heat
c) Cold in the Stomach
d) Retention of Food
e) Spleen-Yin deficiency
8. Vomiting of blood
a) Stomach-Fire
b) Liver-Fire invading the Stomach
c) Blood stasis in the Stomach
d) Stomach-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
e) Heart- and Spleen-Qi deficiency
f) Spleen- and Kidney-Yang deficiency
9. Excessive hunger
a) Stomach-Heat
b) Stomach-Fire
c) Stomach-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
10. Aversion to food
a) Food poisoning
b) Retention of Food
c) Damp-Heat in the Liver, Gall-Bladder, Stomach, and Spleen
d) Rebellious Qi in the Penetrating Vessel in pregnancy
11. Hunger with no desire to eat
a) Damp-Heat in the Stomach
b) ‘Stomach strong – Spleen weak’
12. Gnawing hunger
a) Liver-Qi invading the Stomach
b) Stomach-Heat
c) Cold in the Stomach
d) Food poisoning
e) Spleen-Yin deficiency
Case History
13. Sleepy after eating
a) Spleen-Qi deficiency
b) Damp-Phlegm in the Spleen
c) Spleen-Qi deficiency with Dampness
14. Regurgitation of food
a) Cold in the Stomach
b) Stagnation of Qi and Phlegm in the Stomach
c) Damp-Heat in the Stomach
d) Stasis of Blood in the Stomach
e) Retention of food
f) Stomach-Yin deficiency with Blood dryness
g) Deficiency of Qi and Yin of the Stomach
h) Deficiency of Minister Fire
15. Difficulty in swallowing (diaphragm choking)
a) Stagnation of Qi and Phlegm
b) Blood stasis in the Stomach
c) Qi and Yang deficiency of the Stomach
d) Stomach-Yin deficiency
e) Spleen- and Kidney-Yang deficiency
16. Craving for sweets and/or constant picking
a) Spleen-Qi deficiency
b) Heart-Blood deficiency
c) Heart-Fire
d) Liver-Qi invading the Spleen
e) Spleen- and Kidney-Yang deficiency
f) Spleen-Heat
Taste
17. Bitter taste
a) Liver-Fire
b) Heart-Fire
c) Damp-Heat in the Liver and Gall-Bladder
d) Lesser-Yang Pattern
18. Sweet taste
a) Deficiency of Qi and/or Yin of the Stomach and Spleen
b) Damp-Heat in the Spleen
c) Stomach- and Spleen-Heat
19. Salty taste
a) Kidney-Yin deficiency
b) Kidney-Yang deficiency
20. Sour taste
a) Liver-Fire
b) Liver-Qi invading the Spleen
c) Liver-Qi invading the Stomach
d) Retention of Food
e) Stomach Heat
21. Sticky sensation in the mouth
a) Cold-Dampness
b) Damp-Heat
c) Phlegm
d) Phlegm-Heat in the Lungs
22. Loss of taste
a) Deficiency of Stomach- and Spleen-Qi
b) Dampness obstructing the Middle Burner
c) Damp-Phlegm obstructing the Spleen
d) Stomach- and Spleen-Qi deficiency with Cold in the Stomach
23. Foul breath
a) Stomach-Heat
b) Phlegm-Heat in the Lungs
c) Retention of food
70 Thirst and Drink
Chapter Contents
1. Thirst
a) Full
Stomach-Heat
Acupuncture
Liver-Fire
Acupuncture
Heart-Fire
Acupuncture
Damp-Heat in Stomach and Spleen
Acupuncture
b) Empty
Stomach-Yin deficiency
Acupuncture
Stomach-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
Acupuncture
c) Other patterns
Damp-Heat in Liver and Gall-Bladder
Phlegm-Heat in the Lungs
Heart-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
Lung-Heat
Lung-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
Heart-Yin deficiency
Liver-Yin deficiency
Kidney-Yin deficiency
Lung-Yin deficiency
2. Dry mouth
a) Yin deficiency
b) Damp-Heat in the Stomach and Spleen
c) Phlegm-Heat in the Stomach
3. Absence of thirst
a) Deficiency of Yang of the Spleen and Stomach
b) Cold in the Stomach
c) Dampness in the Stomach and Spleen
4. Increased salivation
a) Stomach and Spleen Deficient and Cold
b) Kidney-Yang deficiency, Water overflowing
71 Abdomen
Chapter Contents
Introduction
Distension
Feeling of oppression
Feeling of fullness
Feeling of stuffiness
1. Pain in the area below the xyphoid process
a) Rebellious-Qi of the Penetrating Vessel
b) Stomach-Heat
c) Stomach-Qi stagnation
d) Heart-Qi stagnation
e) Retention of food in the stomach
f) Stomach- and Spleen-Qi deficiency with Heart-Heat
g) Phlegm in the Stomach
h) Qi stagnation and Phlegm
2. Epigastric pain
a) Empty
Stomach- and Spleen-Qi deficiency
Acupuncture
Stomach-Yin deficiency
Acupuncture
b) Full
Liver-Qi invading the Stomach
Acupuncture
Cold in the Stomach
Acupuncture
Stomach-Heat
Acupuncture
Damp-Heat in the Stomach
Acupuncture
c) Other patterns
Stomach-Fire
Cold-Dampness in the Stomach
Blood stasis in the Stomach
Phlegm-Heat in the Stomach
Retention of food
Liver-Fire invading the Stomach
Phlegm-Fluids in the Stomach
3. Hypochondrial pain
a) Full
Liver-Qi stagnation
Acupuncture
Damp-Heat in Liver and Gall-Bladder
Acupuncture
b) Other patterns
Liver-Blood stasis
Liver-Yin deficiency
Lesser-Yang syndrome
Phlegm-Fluids in the hypochondrium
4. Umbilical pain
a) Stagnation of Qi in the Stomach and Intestines
b) Cold in the Intestines
c) Damp-Heat in the Intestines
d) Spleen- and Kidney-Yang deficiency
e) Food poisoning
f) Heat in Bright Yang
5. Abdominal distension
a) Full
Liver-Qi stagnation
Acupuncture
b) Empty
Spleen-Qi deficiency
Acupuncture
c) Other patterns
Damp-Phlegm obstructing the Spleen
Liver-Yin deficiency
6. Abdominal fullness
a) Cold-Dampness in the Intestines
b) Damp-Heat in the Intestines
c) Retention of Food
d) Stomach and Spleen Deficient and Cold
e) Heat in Bright Yang (Organ pattern)
7. Feeling of cold in the abdomen
a) Yang deficiency of the Stomach and Spleen
b) Kidney-Yang deficiency
c) Directing and Penetrating Vessels Deficient and Cold
d) Stagnation of Cold in the Liver channel
8. Feeling of pulsation under the umbilicus
a) Rebellious Qi in the Penetrating Vessel
b) Kidneys not receiving Qi
c) Phlegm-Fluids in the abdomen
9. Feeling of energy rising in the abdomen
a) Rebellious Qi in the Penetrating Vessel
b) Stagnant Liver-Qi turned into Heat rebelling upwards
c) Yin-Cold in the abdomen
10. Borborygmi
a) Liver-Qi invading the Spleen
b) Damp-Heat in the Intestines
c) Damp-Phlegm in the Intestines
d) Spleen- and Kidney-Yang deficiency
e) Stomach and Spleen Deficient and Cold
11. Flatulence
a) Spleen-Qi deficiency
b) Liver-Qi invading the Spleen
c) Liver-Qi stagnation
12. Central-lower abdominal pain
a) Damp-Heat in the Bladder
b) Stagnation of Qi in the Bladder
c) Intestines Deficient and Cold
d) Stasis of Blood in the Bladder
e) Liver-Qi stagnation
f) Liver-Blood stasis
g) Liver-Fire
h) Retention of Food and Cold
i) Spleen-Qi deficiency
j) Kidney-Yin deficiency
k) Kidney-Yang deficiency
13. Lateral-lower abdominal pain
a) Liver-Qi stagnation
b) Damp-Heat in the Large Intestine
c) Cold-Dampness in the Large Intestine
d) Liver-Blood stasis
e) Large Intestine Deficient and Cold
f) Girdle Vessel pain
g) Stagnation of Qi and stasis of Blood in the Penetrating Vessel
h) Stagnation of Cold in the Liver channel
14. Distended abdominal veins
a) Stasis of Blood in the Liver and Spleen
b) Qi stagnation with Dampness
c) Spleen- and Kidney-Yang deficiency
d) Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency
e) Blood-Heat
f) Stagnation of Cold
15. Abdominal masses
a) Liver-Qi stagnation
b) Liver-Blood stasis
c) Phlegm and retention of food
d) Stomach- and Spleen-Qi deficiency
e) Kidney-Yang deficiency with Liver-Blood stasis
f) Damp-Phlegm
g) Damp-Heat
16. Small hypochondrial lumps
a) Liver-Blood stasis
17. Oedema of the abdomen
a) Spleen-Yang deficiency
b) Kidney-Yang deficiency
18. Thin abdomen
a) Qi and Blood deficiency
b) Yin deficiency
19. Large abdomen
a) Phlegm obstructing the Spleen
20. Sagging lower abdomen
a) Damp-Phlegm in the Lower Burner
b) Severe Spleen- and Kidney-Yang deficiency
21. Lumps in the epigastrium
a) Damp-Phlegm in the Middle Burner
b) Blood stasis
c) Phlegm and Blood stasis in the Middle Burner
22. Protruding umbilicus
a) Empty-Cold with Qi stagnation
b) Blood stasis with oedema
c) Spleen- and Kidney-Yang deficiency
23. Sunken umbilicus
a) Blood stasis with Spleen-Qi sinking
b) Damp-Heat in the abdomen
24. Lines on the abdomen
a) Blood stasis deriving from Cold
b) Blood stasis with Blood Heat
25. Maculae on the abdomen
a) Blood Heat
b) Blood stasis
72 Defecation
Chapter Contents
1. Diarrhoea or loose stools
a) Empty
Spleen-Qi deficiency
Acupuncture
Kidney-Yang deficiency
Acupuncture
b) Full
Liver-Qi invading the Spleen
Acupuncture
Damp-Heat in the Intestines
Acupuncture
Cold-Dampness in the Intestines
Acupuncture
c) Other patterns
Spleen-Qi deficient and sinking
Retention of food
2. Diarrhoea with vomiting
a) Food poisoning
b) Cold-Dampness in the Stomach and Intestines
c) Stomach and Intestines Deficient and Cold
d) Retention of food
e) Invasion of Summer Heat
3. Constipation
a) Full
Heat in the Intestines
Acupuncture
Liver-Fire
Acupuncture
Liver-Qi stagnation
Acupuncture
b) Empty
Kidney-Yang deficiency
Acupuncture
Blood deficiency
Acupuncture
Yin deficiency of the Stomach and Intestines
Acupuncture
c) Other patterns
Heat in Bright Yang (Organ Syndrome)
Kidney- and Liver-Yin deficiency
Spleen- and Lung-Qi deficiency
Cold in the intestines
Dampness in the Intestines
Retention of food in the Intestines
4. Alternation of constipation and loose stools
a) Full
Stagnant Liver-Qi invading the Spleen
Acupuncture
Stagnant Liver-Qi invading the Spleen, Dampness
Acupuncture
b) Full/Empty
Stagnant Liver-Qi invading the Spleen, Dampness, Spleen-Qi deficiency
Acupuncture
c) Other patterns
Severe Spleen-Qi deficiency
5. Incontinence of faeces
a) Spleen- and Kidney-Yang deficiency
b) Spleen- and Lung-Qi deficiency
6. Blood and mucus in the stools
a) Damp-Heat in the Intestines
b) Deficiency of Yin of the Stomach and Intestines with Empty Heat
c) Cold-Dampness in the Intestines
d) Large Intestine Deficient and Cold
e) Toxic Heat in the Intestines
7. Mucus in the stools
a) Dampness in the Intestines
b) Damp-Heat in the Intestines
8. Blood in the stools
a) Damp-Heat in the Intestines
b) Stomach- and Spleen-Qi deficiency
c) Heat in the Intestines
d) Toxic Heat in the Intestines
e) Blood stasis in the Intestines
f) Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
9. Difficulty in defecation
a) Stagnation of Qi in the Intestines
b) Damp-Heat in the Intestines
c) Spleen-Qi deficiency
d) Intestines Dryness and Liver-Blood deficiency
10. Straining in defecation
a) Liver-Qi invading the Spleen
b) Spleen- and Lung-Qi deficiency
c) Spleen- and Kidney-Yang deficiency
d) Kidney- and Liver-Yin deficiency
e) Damp-Heat in the Intestines
f) Heat in the Intestines
73 Urination
Chapter Contents
1. Dark urine
a) Damp-Heat in the Bladder
b) Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
c) Heat in the Heart and Small Intestine
d) Damp-Heat in the Liver
e) Heat in the Intestines
f) Cold-Dampness in the Intestines
2. Pale and abundant urine
a) Kidney-Yang deficiency
b) Cold in the Bladder
3. Turbid urine
a) Dampness in the Bladder
b) Kidney-Yin deficiency
c) Kidney-Yang deficiency
d) Spleen-Qi deficiency
4. Painful urination
a) Full
Damp-Heat in the Bladder
Acupuncture
Liver-Fire
Acupuncture
b) Empty/Full
Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
Acupuncture
c) Other patterns
Heart-Fire
Liver-Qi stagnation
Stasis of Blood in the Bladder
5. Scanty and difficult urination
a) Damp-Heat in the Bladder
b) Liver-Qi stagnation
c) Kidney-Yin deficiency
d) Kidney-Yang deficiency
e) Spleen-Yang deficiency with Dampness
f) Deficient Lung-Qi not descending
6. Difficult urination
a) Full
Damp-Heat in the Bladder
Acupuncture
Liver-Qi stagnation
Acupuncture
b) Empty
Kidney-Yang deficiency
Acupuncture
c) Other patterns
Lung-Qi deficiency
Stomach- and Spleen-Qi deficiency
Stasis of Blood in the Lower Burner
7. Frequent urination
Kidney-Yang deficiency
Acupuncture
a) Full
Damp-Heat in the Bladder
Acupuncture
b) Other patterns
Lung- and Spleen-Qi deficiency
Kidney-Yin deficiency
8. Dribbling of urine
a) Kidney-Qi not firm
b) Stomach- and Spleen-Qi deficiency
c) Damp-Heat in the Bladder
9. Incontinence of urine
a) Kidney-Qi not firm
b) Lung- and Spleen-Qi deficiency
c) Heat in the Bladder
d) Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency
10. Nocturnal enuresis
a) Empty
Kidney-Yang deficiency
Acupuncture
b) Full
Liver-Fire
Acupuncture
c) Other patterns
Spleen-Qi deficient and sinking
Lung-Qi deficiency
Kidney-Yin deficiency
11. Urination at night
a) Kidney-Yang deficiency
b) Spleen- and Kidney-Yang deficiency
12. Blood in the urine
a) Damp-Heat in the Bladder
b) Damp-Heat in the Liver
c) Heart-Fire
d) Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
e) Spleen- and Kidney-Yang deficiency
13. Sperm in the urine
a) Damp-Heat in the Bladder
b) Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
c) Kidney-Qi not firm
74 Anus
Chapter Contents
1. Itching of the anus
a) Damp-Heat in the Bladder channel
b) Cold-Dampness in the Bladder channel
c) Damp-Heat in the Governing Vessel
d) Blood deficiency generating Empty Wind
2. Haemorrhoids
a) Full
Damp-Heat in the Bladder channel
Acupuncture
Stagnation of Qi and stasis of Blood in the Bladder channel
Acupuncture
b) Other patterns
Spleen-Qi deficient and sinking
Liver-Fire
3. Anal prolapse
a) Spleen-Qi deficient and sinking
b) Kidney-Yang deficiency
c) Damp-Heat in the Bladder channel
4. Anal fissure
a) Damp-Heat in the Bladder
b) Blood deficiency and Intestines Dryness
c) Fire in the Intestines
5. Anal fistula
a) Full Heat
b) Empty Heat
c) Empty Cold
6. Anal ulcers
a) Deficiency of Lungs, Spleen, and Kidneys
b) Toxic Heat
75 Men’s Sexual and Genital Symptoms
Chapter Contents
1. Impotence
a) Empty
Kidney-Yang deficiency
Acupuncture
Spleen- and Heart-Yang deficiency
Acupuncture
Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency
Acupuncture
Kidney-Essence deficiency
Acupuncture
b) Full
Damp-Heat in the Lower-Burner
Acupuncture
2. Lack of libido
a) Kidney-Yang deficiency
b) Heart-Yang deficiency
c) Heart-Blood deficiency
d) Heart- and Spleen-Blood deficiency
e) Liver-Qi stagnation
3. Premature ejaculation
a) Empty
Kidney-Qi not firm
Acupuncture
Spleen- and Heart-Yang deficiency
Acupuncture
b) Full
Damp-Heat in the Liver channel
Acupuncture
4. Nocturnal emissions
a) Heart-Fire
b) Spleen-Qi and Heart-Blood deficiency
c) Heart- and Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
d) Minister Fire blazing upwards
e) Kidney-Qi not firm
f) Damp-Heat in the Lower Burner
g) Kidney-Essence deficiency
5. Inability to ejaculate
a) Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
b) Blood stasis in the Lower Burner
6. Blood in the sperm
a) Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
b) Damp-Heat in the Lower Burner
c) Toxic Heat in the Lower Burner
d) Blood stasis in the Lower Burner
7. Cold-watery sperm
a) Kidney-Qi not firm
b) Cold in the Lower Burner
8. Priapism
a) Damp-Heat in the Liver channel
b) Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
9. Tiredness and dizziness after ejaculation
a) Kidney-Yang deficiency
b) Kidney-Yin deficiency
c) Spleen-Blood and Heart-Blood deficiency
10. Cold genitals
a) Deficiency of Minister of Fire
b) Stagnation of Cold in the Liver channel
c) Cold-Dampness in the Lower Burner
11. Contraction of the scrotum
a) Stagnation of Cold in the Liver channel
b) Deficiency of Qi and Blood
c) Collapse of Yang
d) Collapse of Yin
12. Loose scrotum
a) Kidney-Yang deficiency
b) Spleen-Qi sinking
13. Scrotum drooping to one side
a) Empty Cold in the Lower Burner
b) Damp-Phlegm in the Lower Burner
14. Swollen scrotum
a) Spleen- and Kidney-Yang deficiency
b) Heart-Yang deficiency
c) Liver-Blood deficiency with Empty Internal Wind
15. Swollen and oozing scrotum
a) Damp-Heat in the Liver channel
b) Toxic Heat in the Liver channel
16. Pale scrotum
a) Spleen- and Kidney-Yang deficiency
17. Red scrotum
a) Damp-Heat in the Liver channel
b) Toxic Heat in the Liver channel
18. Purple scrotum
a) Liver-Blood stasis
b) Damp-Heat with Blood stasis in the Liver channel
19. Dark scrotum
a) Stagnation of Cold in the Liver channel
b) Kidney-Yang deficiency
20. Itchy scrotum
a) Damp-Heat in the Lower Burner
b) Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
c) Cold-Dampness in the Lower Burner
21. Pain and itching of the penis
a) Damp-Heat in the Lower Burner
b) Blood stasis in the Lower Burner
c) Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
d) Heart-Fire
22. Soft and withered penis
a) Liver-Qi deficiency
b) Kidney-Yin deficiency
c) Kidney-Yang deficiency
d) Phlegm and Blood stasis in the Lower Burner
23. Swelling and pain of the testicles
a) Cold in the Lower Burner
b) Cold-Dampness in the Lower Burner
c) Damp-Heat in the Lower Burner
d) Stagnation of Qi in the Lower Burner
e) Toxic Heat in the Lower Burner
24. Redness and swelling of the glans penis
a) Toxic Heat in the Liver channel
b) Damp-Heat in the Liver channel
25. Peyronie’s disease
a) Blood stasis in the Liver channel
b) Dampness in the Lower Burner with Blood stasis in the Liver channel
c) Blood stasis in the Liver channel with Kidney-Yang deficiency
d) Cold in the Liver channel with Blood stasis
26. Penis ulcers
a) Damp-Heat in the Liver channel
b) Liver-Fire
c) Kidney deficiency with Dampness
d) Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
e) Toxic Heat
27. Loss of pubic hair
a) Kidney-Essence deficiency
b) Spleen- and Kidney-Yang deficiency
28. Excessive pubic hair
a) Phlegm and Blood stasis
b) Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
76 Sweating
Chapter Contents
1. Spontaneous sweating
a) Empty
Lung-Qi Deficiency
Lung-Yang deficiency
Full Heat
Phlegm-Heat
Invasion of Wind-Cold with prevalence of Wind
Wind-Dampness on the Exterior
Invasion of Summer-Heat
2. Night-sweating
a) Yin deficiency
b) Yin deficiency with Empty heat
c) Damp-heat in Stomach and Spleen
d) Deficiency of Qi and Blood of the Heart
e) Lesser-Yang Pattern
3. Sweating from collapse
a) Collapse of Qi and Yin
b) Collapse of Yang
4. Yellow sweat
a) Damp-Heat
b) Nutritive and Defensive Qi Obstructed
c) Stagnant Liver-Qi turned into Heat
d) Spleen- and Lung-Qi deficiency
e) Yin deficiency with Empty Heat and Dampness
5. Unilateral sweating
a) Wind-Phlegm
b) Phlegm with Blood stasis
c) Deficiency of Qi and Blood
d) Cold-Dampness
e) Nutritive and Defensive Qi not harmonized
f) Wind-Dampness in the Girdle Vessel
6. Sweating on the head
a) Stomach Damp-Heat steaming upwards
b) Liver-Fire
c) Deficient Yang floating upwards
d) Retention of Food with Stomach-Heat in children
7. Sweating on the chest
a) Heart- and Spleen-Qi deficiency
b) Heart- and Kidney-Yin deficiency
8. Sweating of hands and feet
a) Damp-Heat in Stomach and Spleen
b) Stomach- and Spleen-Qi deficiency
c) Stomach- and Spleen-Yin deficiency
9. Sweating of the palms
a) Lung-Qi Deficiency
b) Lung-Yin Deficiency
c) Heart-Qi Deficiency
d) Heart-Yang Deficiency
e) Heart-Yin Deficiency
10.Sweating in the axillae
a) Liver-Yin Deficiency with Empty Heat
b) Damp-Heat in liver and Gall-Bladder
c) Heart-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
d) Heart-Fire
11. Absence of sweating
a) Invasion of Wind-Cold
b) Cold on the Exterior, heat in the Interior
c) Cold-Dampness on the Exterior
End Notes
77 Skin Signs
Chapter Contents
1. Greasy skin
a) Dampness
b) Damp-Phlegm
c) Phlegm-Heat
2. Dry skin
a) Empty
Liver-Blood deficiency
Acupuncture
Lung-Yin deficiency
Acupuncture
Kidney-Yin deficiency
Acupuncture
Liver-Yin deficiency
Acupuncture
Lung Dryness
Acupuncture
b) Full
Severe, chronic Blood stasis
Acupuncture
Full Heat
Acupuncture
Empty Heat
Acupuncture
c) Other patterns
Wind-Dryness invading the Lungs
Wind in the skin
Liver-Blood deficiency with Empty Wind
3. Eczema
a) Full
Damp-Heat with predominance of Heat
Acupuncture
Damp-Heat with predominance of Dampness
Acupuncture
b) Empty
Blood deficient and dry
Acupuncture
c) Other patterns
Spleen-Qi deficiency with Dampness
4. Psoriasis
a) Blood-Heat
b) Blood-Heat with Wind and Dryness
c) Blood deficient and dry with Wind in the skin
d) Blood stasis
e) Blood stasis with Wind and Dryness
f) Wind and Heat in the skin
g) Blood Heat with Wind and Dampness in the skin
h) Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty-Heat
5. Acne
a) Full
Damp-Heat in the skin
Acupuncture
Toxic Heat in the skin
Acupuncture
Toxic Heat with Blood stasis in the skin
Acupuncture
b) Empty
Spleen-Qi deficiency with Dampness
Acupuncture
c) Other patterns
Heat in the Stomach and Lungs
Damp-Phlegm in the skin
Damp-Phlegm with Blood stasis in the skin
Disharmony of Penetrating and Directing Vessels
6. Urticaria
a) Wind-Heat in the skin
b) Wind-Cold in the skin
c) Heart-Fire
d) Liver-Blood deficiency with internal Wind
e) Toxic Heat in the skin
f) Wind-Heat in the skin with Stomach- and Spleen-Qi deficiency
g) Disharmony of the Penetrating and Directing Vessels
h) Blood stasis in the skin
i) Stomach-Heat
j) Blood Heat
7. Rosacea
a) Heat in Lungs and Stomach
b) Blood Heat
c) Blood stasis
d) Toxic Heat
8. Herpes simplex
a) Damp-Heat in the skin
b) Damp-Heat in the skin with Spleen-Qi deficiency
c) Damp-Heat with Toxic Heat in the skin
d) Invasion of Toxic Heat
e) Damp-Heat with invasion of Wind-Heat
f) Damp-Heat in the Liver channel
g) Yin deficiency with Empty Heat and Damp-Heat
9. Herpes zoster
a) Full
Wind-Heat in the skin
Acupuncture
Damp-Heat in the skin
Acupuncture
Damp-Heat in the Gall-Bladder
Acupuncture
b) Other patterns
Stagnation of Qi and stasis of Blood
Toxic Heat
Blood stasis
10. Warts
a) Blood deficiency and dryness
b) Blood Heat
c) Blood stasis
d) Damp-Heat in the Liver channel
e) Damp-Heat with Toxic Heat
11. Naevi (moles)
a) Blood-Heat
b) Damp-Heat
c) Blood stasis
12. Tinea
a) Damp-Heat
b) Toxic Heat
c) Wind-Heat
d) Dampness with chronic Spleen-Qi deficiency
13. Candida
a) Damp-Heat
b) Dampness
c) Dampness with chronic Spleen-Qi deficiency
14. Malignant melanoma
a) Blood Heat
b) Blood stasis
c) Blood-Heat with Damp-Heat
15. Furuncle (boil) on the head
a) Damp-Heat in the Stomach and Spleen
b) Summer-Heat with Toxic Heat
16. Neck carbuncle
a) Damp-Heat in Stomach and Spleen
b) Empty Heat with Toxic Heat in the Stomach
c) Deficiency of Qi and Blood
17. Neck ulcers
a) Heat in Liver and Stomach
b) Toxic Heat in Lungs and Stomach
c) Liver-Qi and Liver-Blood stagnation
d) Liver-Qi stagnation and Liver-Blood stasis with Phlegm
18. Rash in the axillae
a) Liver-Qi stagnation with Blood Heat
b) Toxic Heat
c) Damp-Heat in the Gall-Bladder
d) Heart-Fire
19. Carbuncles on the upper back
a) Toxic Heat in Stomach and Lungs
b) Summer Heat
20. Red, itchy and swollen fingers
a) Toxic Heat in the Stomach
b) Damp-Heat in the Stomach
c) Invasion of External Toxic Heat
21. Nodules under the skin
a) Spleen-Qi deficiency with Phlegm
b) Phlegm-Heat
c) Wind-Phlegm
78 Emotional Symptoms
Chapter Contents
1. Propensity to anger
a) Full
Liver-Qi stagnation
Acupuncture
Liver-Yang rising
Acupuncture
Liver-Fire
Acupuncture
2. Propensity to worry
a) Empty
Lung-Qi deficiency
Acupuncture
Heart- and Spleen-Qi deficiency
Acupuncture
b) Full
Lung-Qi stagnation
Acupuncture
c) Other patterns
Heart-Blood deficiency
Liver-Blood deficiency
Heart-Yin deficiency
Heart-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
3. Sadness
a) Empty
Lung- and Heart-Qi deficiency
Acupuncture
Heart-Blood deficiency
Acupuncture
Liver-Blood deficiency
Acupuncture
b) Other patterns
Lung-Qi stagnation
4. Fear/anxiety
a) Deficiency of Qi and Blood
b) Kidney-Yin deficiency
c) Kidney-Yang deficiency
d) Liver-Blood deficiency
e) Gall-Bladder deficiency
f) Liver-Qi deficiency
5. Easily startled
a) Heart-Blood deficiency
b) Heart-Yin deficiency
c) Deficiency of Heart and Gall-Bladder
d) Heart-Fire
e) Phlegm-Fire harassing the Heart
f) Liver-Qi stagnation and Blood deficiency
6. Excess joy
a) Heart-Fire
b) Heart Empty Heat
c) Phlegm-Fire harassing the Heart
7. Mental restlessness
a) Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
b) Phlegm-Heat in the Stomach and Heart
c) Heart-Fire
d) Lung-Heat
8. Severe timidity
a) Gall-Bladder deficiency
b) Liver-Qi deficiency
c) Kidney-Yang deficiency
d) Heart- and Spleen-Qi deficiency
e) Heart- and Spleen-Blood deficiency
9. Inappropriate laughter
a) Heart-Fire
b) Phlegm-Fire harassing the Heart
c) Kidney- and Heart-Yin deficiency with Heart Empty Heat
79 Mental and Emotional Symptoms
Chapter Contents
1. Depression
a) Full
Liver-Qi stagnation
Acupuncture
Liver-Qi stagnation with Qi-Phlegm
Acupuncture
b) Empty
Kidney-Yang deficiency
Acupuncture
Heart-Blood deficiency
Acupuncture
Liver-Blood deficiency
Acupuncture
Spleen- and Heart-Blood deficiency
Acupuncture
c) Other patterns
Stagnant Liver-Qi turned into Heat rebelling upwards
Heart-Yang deficiency
Heart- and Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
Phlegm-Fire harassing the Heart
Heart-Blood stasis
Heat in the Gall-Bladder
Worry injuring the Mind
Diaphragm Heat
2. Depression and manic behaviour
a) Depressive phase
Stagnation of Qi and Phlegm
Heart- and Spleen-Blood deficiency
b) Manic phase
Phlegm-Fire harassing the Mind
Stomach Phlegm-Fire affecting the Heart
Stomach and Pericardium Fire
Fire injuring Yin
3. Anxiety
a) Empty
Heart-Blood deficiency
Acupuncture
Heart-Yin deficiency
Acupuncture
Kidney-Yin deficiency
Acupuncture
b) Empty/full
Heart-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
Acupuncture
Heart- and Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
Acupuncture
c) Full
Heart-Fire
Acupuncture
Phlegm-Fire harassing the Heart
Acupuncture
d) Other patterns
Heart-Blood stasis
Liver-Blood deficiency
Liver-Yin deficiency
Liver-Qi stagnation
Liver-Fire
Liver-Yang rising
Deficiency of Qi of the Heart and Gall-Bladder
Diaphragm Heat
4. Irritability
a) Liver-Qi stagnation
b) Lung-Qi stagnation
c) Liver-Blood stasis
d) Heart-Blood stasis
e) Liver-Yang rising
f) Liver-Fire
g) Heart-Fire
h) Lung-Heat
i) Stomach-Heat
j) Liver-Blood deficiency
k) Kidney-Yin deficiency
l) Heart-Blood deficiency
m) Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
n) Heart-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
o) Damp-Heat
5. Schizophrenia
a) Heart- and Spleen-Blood deficiency
b) Stagnation of Qi and Phlegm
c) Phlegm-Fire harassing the Heart
d) Phlegm-Fire and Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
80 Mental Difficulties
Chapter Contents
1. Poor memory
a) Empty
Qi and Blood deficiency of the Heart and Spleen
Acupuncture
Kidney deficiency
Acupuncture
b) Full
Turbid Phlegm in the Heart
Acupuncture
c) Other patterns
Heart- and Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
Heart-Blood stasis
2. Difficulty in concentration
a) Empty
Spleen-Qi and Spleen-Blood deficiency
Acupuncture
Heart-Blood deficiency
Acupuncture
Kidney deficiency
Acupuncture
b) Full
Phlegm
Acupuncture
Dampness
Acupuncture
3. Learning difficulty in children
a) Spleen- and Heart-Blood deficiency
b) Emptiness of the Sea of Marrow
4. Hyperactivity
a) Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency with Liver-Yang rising
b) Qi deficiency of Spleen and Heart with floating Yang
c) Liver-Fire
d) Phlegm-Fire
e) Blood stasis leading to obstruction of the upper orifices
81 Sleep
Chapter Contents
1. Insomnia
a) Empty
Heart-Blood deficiency
Acupuncture
Deficiency of Qi and Blood of the Spleen and Heart
Acupuncture
Heart-Yin deficiency
Acupuncture
Liver-Blood deficiency
Acupuncture
Liver-Yin deficiency
Acupuncture
Heart- and Kidney-Yin deficiency
Acupuncture
b) Full
Liver-Fire
Acupuncture
Phlegm-Fire harassing the Heart
Acupuncture
Heart-Fire
Acupuncture
c) Other patterns
Heart- and Kidney-Yin deficiency with Heart Empty Heat
Gall-Bladder and Heart deficiency
Residual Heat in the diaphragm
2. Excessive dreaming
a) Liver-Fire
b) Heart-Fire
c) Phlegm-Fire harassing the Heart
d) Phlegm-Fire in the Stomach
e) Heart-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
f) Liver-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
g) Heart- and Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
h) Heart and Gall-Bladder deficiency
3. Somnolence
a) Empty/Full
Spleen-Yang deficiency with Dampness
Acupuncture
Spleen-Qi deficiency with Phlegm
Acupuncture
b) Empty
Spleen- and Heart-Qi deficiency
Acupuncture
Kidney-Yang deficiency
Acupuncture
4. Sleep-talking
a) Heart-Fire
b) Heart-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
c) Liver-Yin deficiency
d) Liver-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
e) Gall-Bladder Heat
f) Stomach-Heat
g) Heart-Blood deficiency
5. Sleep-walking
a) Liver-Yin deficiency
b) Liver-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
c) Liver-Blood stasis
6. Snoring
a) Phlegm-Heat in the Lungs
b) Damp-Phlegm in the Lungs
c) Dry Phlegm in the Lungs
d) Phlegm in the Lungs with Lung- and Spleen-Qi deficiency
References
82 Feeling of Cold, Feeling of Heat, Fever
Chapter Contents
1. Feeling of cold, shivering
Exterior
a) Full
Invasion of exterior Wind
Acupuncture
b) Other patterns
Lesser-Yang pattern
Lesser-Yang pattern with predominance of Heat
Exterior Cold and Interior Heat
Long-lasting invasion of Wind-Heat
Interior
a) Empty
Deficiency of Yang of the Heart and/or Lungs
Acupuncture
Yang deficiency of the Stomach and Spleen
Acupuncture
Kidney-Yang deficiency
Acupuncture
Heart-Blood deficiency
Acupuncture
Liver-Blood deficiency
Acupuncture
b) Full
Internal Cold
Acupuncture
Liver-Qi stagnation
Acupuncture
c) Other patterns
Phlegm in the Interior
Heat stagnating in the Interior (True Heat-False Cold)
2. Fever
Acute fever
a) Full
Invasion of external Wind-Heat in the Lungs’ Defensive-Qi portion
Acupuncture
Heat in the Lungs (Qi level)
Acupuncture
b) Other patterns
Invasion of External Wind-Cold
Invasion of Summer-Heat
Heat in Bright Yang – Channel pattern
Heat in Bright Yang – Organ pattern
Damp-Heat in the Stomach and Intestines
Heat at Nutritive-Qi level
Heat at Blood level
Chronic fever
Empty Heat from Yin deficiency
Qi Deficiency
Blood deficiency
Stagnant Liver-Qi turned into Heat rebelling upwards
Blood stasis
Tidal fever
Yin deficiency
Stomach- and Spleen-Qi Deficiency
Blood Stasis
Bright-Yang Organ Pattern
Summer-Heat
Fever in cancer
Blood stasis
Phlegm
Damp-Heat
Toxic-Heat
Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
Stagnant Liver-Qi turned into Heat rebelling upwards
Heat in Nutritive-Qi
Yang deficiency
Fever after chemotherapy
Stagnation of Qi and stasis of Blood
Deficiency of Qi and Blood
Blood Heat
3. 5-palm heat
a) Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
b) Blood deficiency
c) Liver-Fire
d) Latent Heat in Lesser Yin
4. Contradictory feelings of cold and heat
a) Simultaneous deficiency of Kidney-Yin and Kidney-Yang with prevalence of Kidney-Yin
b) Simultaneous deficiency of Kidney-Yin and Kidney-Yang with prevalence of Kidney-Yang
c) Blood deficiency
d) Disharmony of Penetrating Vessel
e) Co-existence of a Heat and a Cold pattern in different organs
f) Lesser-Yang pattern (Six Stages)
g) Gall-Bladder Heat (Four Levels)
83 Voice, Speech and Sounds
Chapter Contents
1. Loud voice
a) Heart-Fire
b) Liver-Fire
c) Liver-Qi stagnation
d) Lung-Heat
e) Lung-Qi stagnation
2. Weak voice
a) Empty
Lung-Qi deficiency
Acupuncture
Spleen-Qi deficiency
Acupuncture
Kidney-Yang deficiency
Acupuncture
b) Other patterns
Severe depletion of Qi
3. Muffled voice
a) Invasion of Wind
b) Deficiency of Qi and Blood
4. Hoarse voice
a) Full
Lung-Qi stagnation
Acupuncture
b) Empty
Lung- and Kidney-Yin deficiency
Acupuncture
c) Other patterns
Phlegm and Blood stasis
Collapse of Yin or Yang
Kidney channel pathology in pregnancy
Invasion of Wind-Heat
5. Nasal voice
a) Invasion of Wind-Cold
b) Invasion of Wind-Dampness
c) Phlegm in the nasal passages
d) Dampness in the nasal passages
e) Spleen- and Lung-Qi deficiency with Phlegm and/or Dampness in the nasal passages
6. Snoring
a) Full
Phlegm-Heat in the Lungs
Acupuncture
Damp-Phlegm in the Lungs
Acupuncture
Dry Phlegm in the Lungs
Acupuncture
b) Full/Empty
Phlegm in the Lungs with Lung- and Spleen-Qi deficiency
Acupuncture
7. Slurred speech
a) Phlegm
b) Wind-Phlegm
c) Heart-Blood deficiency
8. Incoherent, incessant speech
a) Phlegm-Fire harassing the Heart
9. Muttering to oneself
a) Phlegm obstructing the Mind’s orifices
10. Delirious speech
a) Heat in the Pericardium
11. Difficulty in finding words
a) Phlegm
b) Heart-Blood deficiency
c) Kidney deficiency
12. Stuttering
a) Heart-Blood deficiency
b) Heart-Fire
13. Groaning
a) Dampness
b) Qi stagnation
14. Crying out
a) Blood stasis
b) Damp-Heat
c) Toxic-Heat
2 Gynaecological Symptoms and Signs
Introduction
84 Menstrual Symptoms
Chapter Contents
1. Pale menstrual blood
a) Blood deficiency
b) Qi deficiency
c) Spleen- and Kidney-Yang deficiency
d) Damp-Phlegm in the Uterus
2. Purple menstrual blood
a) Qi stagnation and Blood stasis in the Uterus
b) Blood stasis with Heat in the Uterus
c) Blood stasis with Cold in the Uterus
d) Blood deficiency with Cold in the Uterus
3. Menstrual clots
a) Full
Blood stasis in the Uterus (and Liver)
Acupuncture
Cold in the Uterus
Acupuncture
b) Other patterns
Blood Heat
Qi deficiency
4. Sticky menstrual blood
a) Damp-Heat in the Uterus
b) Damp-Phlegm in the Uterus
c) Liver and Heart-Fire
d) Blood stasis in the Uterus with Heat
5. Watery menstrual blood
a) Qi deficiency
b) Blood deficiency
c) Cold-Dampness in the Uterus
d) Spleen- and Kidney-Yang deficiency
e) Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency
6. Early periods (short cycle)
a) Qi deficiency
b) Blood Heat
c) Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency
d) Blood stasis in the Uterus
7. Late periods (long cycle)
a) Blood deficiency
b) Cold in the Uterus
c) Damp-Phlegm in the Uterus
d) Kidney deficiency
8. Irregular periods
a) Full
Liver-Qi stagnation
Acupuncture
b) Empty
Kidney deficiency
Acupuncture
c) Other patterns
Heart- and Spleen-Blood deficiency
9. Heavy periods
a) Empty
Qi deficiency
Acupuncture
Spleen- and Kidney-Yang deficiency
Acupuncture
Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency
Acupuncture
b) Full
Blood Heat
Acupuncture
c) Other patterns
Liver-Fire
Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency with Blood Empty Heat
Blood stasis in the Uterus
10. Scanty periods
a) Blood deficiency
b) Kidney-Yang deficiency
c) Kidney-Yin deficiency
d) Blood stasis in the Uterus
e) Phlegm obstructing the Uterus
f) Cold in the Uterus
11. Painful periods
a) Full
Liver-Qi stagnation
Acupuncture
Liver-Blood stasis
Acupuncture
Stagnation of Cold in the Uterus
Acupuncture
b) Other patterns
Damp-Heat in the Uterus
Stagnant Liver-Qi turning to Liver-Fire
Deficiency of Qi and Blood
Spleen-Yang and Liver-Blood deficiency
Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency
12. No periods
a) Empty
Blood deficiency
Acupuncture
Liver and Kidney deficiency
Acupuncture
Spleen- and Kidney-Yang deficiency
Acupuncture
Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency
Acupuncture
b) Full
Stagnation of Qi and stasis of Blood
Acupuncture
Damp-Phlegm in the Uterus
Acupuncture
c) Other patterns
Lung-Yin and Blood deficiency
Heart- and Kidney-Yin deficiency
Heart- and Spleen-Blood deficiency
Stagnation of Qi and stasis of Blood
Damp-Phlegm in the Uterus
13. Mid-cycle bleeding
a) Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
b) Damp-Heat
c) Blood-Stasis
d) Spleen- and Kidney-Yang deficiency
14. Periods starting and stopping
a) Blood stasis in the Uterus
b) Cold in the Uterus
c) Liver-Qi stagnation
15. Periods returning after the menopause
a) Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
b) Stagnant Liver-Qi turned into Liver-Fire
c) Spleen-Qi deficiency
d) Toxic Heat in the Uterus
85 Problems at Period Time
Chapter Contents
1. Pre-menstrual tension
a) Full
Liver-Qi stagnation
Acupuncture
Liver- and Heart-Fire
Acupuncture
Heart-Fire
Acupuncture
b) Empty/Full
Liver-Blood deficiency with secondary Liver-Qi stagnation
Acupuncture
Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency
Acupuncture
Spleen- and Kidney-Yang deficiency
Acupuncture
c) Other patterns
Phlegm-Fire harassing upwards
Spleen-Qi deficiency with Dampness and secondary Liver-Qi stagnation
2. Headache
a) Liver-Blood deficiency
b) Liver-Yang rising
c) Liver-Fire
d) Blood stasis
3. Breast distension
a) Liver-Qi stagnation
b) Liver-Blood stasis
c) Phlegm with stagnation of Qi
d) Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency with Liver-Qi stagnation
e) Stagnant Liver-Qi turning to Liver-Fire
f) Spleen- and Kidney-Yang deficiency with Liver-Qi stagnation
g) Liver-Blood and Kidney-Yang deficiency
h) Lung-Qi stagnation
i) Phlegm with Lung-Qi stagnation
4. Fever
a) Blood Heat
b) Kidney- and Liver-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
c) Qi and Blood deficiency with disharmony of Nutritive and Defensive Qi
d) Blood stasis in the Uterus
5. Body aches
a) Blood deficiency
b) Blood stasis
6. Oedema
a) Spleen- and Kidney-Yang deficiency
b) Qi Stagnation
7. Diarrhoea
a) Spleen-Qi deficiency
b) Stagnant Liver-Qi invading the Spleen
c) Kidney-Yang deficiency
8. Constipation
a) Stagnant Liver-Qi invading the Intestines
b) Liver-Blood deficiency
c) Kidney-Yang deficiency
9. Nose bleed
a) Stagnant Liver-Qi turning into Fire
b) Lung- and Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
c) Stomach-Fire
d) Spleen-Qi deficiency
10. Mouth ulcers
a) Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
b) Stomach-Fire
c) Stomach Damp-Heat with Spleen-Qi deficiency
11. Skin eruptions
a) Blood deficiency
b) Wind-Heat invading Blood
12. Dizziness
a) Blood deficiency
b) Kidney- and Liver-Yin deficiency with Liver-Yang rising
c) Phlegm with Spleen-Qi deficiency
13. Vomiting
a) Stagnant Liver-Qi invading the Stomach
b) Stomach- and Spleen-Qi deficiency
c) Phlegm with Spleen-Qi deficiency
14. Insomnia
a) Liver-Yang rising
b) Liver- and Heart-Fire
c) Heart- and Spleen-Blood deficiency
15. Eye pain
a) Liver-Blood deficiency
b) Liver-Blood deficiency giving rise to Internal Wind
c) Liver-Fire
d) Liver-Blood stasis
86 Problems of Pregnancy
Chapter Contents
1. Morning sickness
a) Empty
Stomach-Qi deficiency
Acupuncture
Stomach-Qi deficiency with Empty Cold
Acupuncture
Stomach-Yin deficiency
Acupuncture
b) Full
Stagnant liver-Qi invading the Stomach
Acupuncture
Stomach-Heat
Acupuncture
c) Other patterns
Accumulation of Phlegm
Heart-Qi deficiency
Heart-Fire
2. Vaginal bleeding during pregnancy
a) Spleen-Qi deficiency
b) Liver-Blood deficiency
c) Kidney-Yang deficiency
d) Blood-Heat
e) Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
f) Trauma
3. Abdominal pain during pregnancy
a) Liver-Blood deficiency
b) Liver-Qi stagnation
c) Empty-Cold in the uterus
4. Threatened miscarriage
a) Empty
Kidney deficiency
Acupuncture
b) Other patterns
Deficiency of Qi and Blood
Blood-Heat
Liver-Qi stagnation
Falls, trauma
5. Oedema
a) Spleen-Yang deficiency
b) Kidney-Yang deficiency
c) Qi stagnation
6. Painful urination
a) Heart-Fire
b) Damp-Heat in the Bladder
c) Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
d) Spleen-Qi deficiency
7. Retention of urine
a) Spleen-Qi deficient and sinking
b) Kidney-Qi deficient and sinking
c) Damp-Heat in the Bladder
d) Liver-Qi stagnation
8. Blood in the urine
a) Heart-Fire
b) Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
c) Liver-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
9. Constipation
a) Liver-Blood deficiency
b) Kidney-Yang deficiency
c) Kidney-Yin deficiency
c) Liver-Qi stagnation
10. Anxiety
a) Liver-Fire
b) Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
c) Phlegm-Fire harassing the Mind
d) Heart-Fire
e) Liver-Qi stagnation
11. Dizziness
a) Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency with Liver-Yang rising
b) Spleen deficiency with Liver-Yang rising and Phlegm
c) Deficiency of Qi and Blood
12. Cough
a) Lung-Yin deficiency
b) Phlegm-Heat in the Lungs
c) Damp-Phlegm in the Lungs
13. Loss of voice
a) Kidney-Yin deficiency
b) Phlegm-Heat
c) Lung-Yin deficiency
14. Feeling of suffocation
a) Qi stagnation with disharmony of the Liver and Spleen
b) Qi stagnation with deficiency of Blood and Kidneys
15. Convulsions
a) Liver-Wind agitating within
b) Phlegm-Fire harassing upwards
c) Empty-Wind
d) Blood deficiency
16. Foetus not growing
a) Deficiency of Qi and Blood
b) Spleen- and Kidney-Yang deficiency
17. Breech presentation
a) Liver-Qi stagnation
b) Spleen-Qi deficiency with Dampness
c) Deficiency of Qi and Blood
18. Habitual miscarriage
a) Empty
Kidney-Yang deficiency
Acupuncture
Kidney-Yin deficiency
Acupuncture
b) Full
Blood-Heat
Acupuncture
Blood stasis
Acupuncture
c) Other patterns
Spleen-Qi deficiency
Blood deficiency
87 Problems After Childbirth
Chapter Contents
1. Retention of placenta
a) Kidney-Qi deficiency
b) Liver-Blood stasis
c) Cold in the Uterus
2. Persistent lochial discharge
a) Kidney-Qi deficiency
b) Liver-Blood stasis
c) Blood Heat
d) Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
3. Retention of lochia
a) Qi stagnation and Blood stasis
b) Stagnation of Cold and Stasis of Blood
c) Deficiency of Qi and Blood
4. Abdominal pain
a) Liver-Blood deficiency
b) Liver-Blood Stasis
c) Retention of Food
d) Cold in the Uterus
5. Vaginal bleeding
a) Kidney-Qi deficiency
b) Liver-Blood stasis
6. Urinary difficulty
a) Spleen-Qi deficiency
b) Kidney-Qi deficiency
c) Liver-Qi stagnation
d) Kidney-Yin deficiency with Bladder-Heat
e) Lung- and Spleen-Qi deficiency
f) Injury to the Bladder
7. Constipation
a) Liver-Blood deficiency
b) Kidney-Yang deficiency
c) Kidney-Yin deficiency
d) Cold in the Uterus
8. Sweating
a) Kidney-Qi deficiency
b) Kidney-Yin deficiency
9. Dizziness
a) Liver-Blood deficiency
b) Blood stasis
c) Kidney deficiency
10. Oedema
a) Deficiency of Qi and Blood
b) Qi stagnation and Blood stasis
c) Spleen-Qi deficiency
d) Kidney-Yang deficiency
e) Damp-Heat
11. Fever
a) Invasion of external toxins
b) Invasion of Wind-Cold
c) Invasion of Wind-Heat
d) Spleen-Qi deficiency
e) Liver-Blood deficiency
f) Liver-Blood Stasis
g) Steaming Breast
h) Retention of Food
12. Joint pain
a) Liver-Blood deficiency
b) Invasion of Wind
c) Liver-Blood stasis
d) Liver-Blood and Kidney-Yang deficiency
13. Hypochondrial pain
a) Liver-Blood deficiency
b) Liver-Qi stagnation
c) Liver-Blood stasis
14. Breast milk not flowing
a) Deficiency of Qi and Blood
b) Liver-Qi stagnation
15. Spontaneous flow of milk
a) Stomach- and Spleen-Qi deficiency
b) Liver-Fire
16. Post-natal depression/ psychosis
a) Empty
Liver- and Heart-Blood deficiency
Acupuncture
b) Full
Heart-Blood stasis
Acupuncture
c) Other patterns
Liver- and Heart-Yin deficiency
17. Collapse
a) Collapse of Qi with deficiency of Blood
b) Blood stasis
18. Convulsions
a) Blood and Yin deficiency with Empty Wind
b) Exterior invasion of Toxin
19. Amenorrhoea after miscarriage
a) Deficiency of Qi and Blood
b) Liver-Blood stasis
c) Liver-Qi stagnation
88 Breast Signs
Chapter Contents
1. Breast distension
a) Full
i) Liver-Qi stagnation
ii) Phlegm and Qi stagnation
b) Empty
i) Deficiency of Qi and Blood
ii) Spleen- and Kidney-Yang deficiency
c) Other Patterns
i) Lung-Qi stagnation
ii) Phlegm with Lung-Qi stagnation
2. Swollen breasts
i) Liver-Qi stagnation with Phlegm
ii) Liver-Qi stagnation with Phlegm-Heat
iii) Spleen- and Kidney-Yang deficiency with Phlegm
3. Breast pain
i) Severe Liver-Qi stagnation
ii) Liver-Qi stagnation with Phlegm
iii) Liver-Blood stasis
iv) Toxic Heat
4. Breast lumps
i) Liver-Qi stagnation
ii) Liver-Qi stagnation with Blood stasis
iii) Phlegm and Qi stagnation
iv) Spleen- and Kidney-Yang deficiency with Phlegm
v) Disharmony of Directing and Penetrating vessels
vi) Stagnant Liver Qi turned into Fire
vii) Phlegm with Lung-Qi stagnation
viii) Toxic Heat
ix) Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency
5. Redness and swelling of the breasts
Stagnant Liver-Qi turning into Heat with Blood stasis
i) Toxic Heat
ii) Stagnant Liver-Qi turning into Heat
6. Milky nipple discharge
i) Severe deficiency of Qi and Blood
ii) Spleen- and Kidney-Yang deficiency
iii) Liver-Qi stagnation
7. Sticky-yellow nipple discharge
i) Damp-Heat in the Liver channel
ii) Toxic Heat
8. Bloody discharge from the nipple
i) Toxic Heat
ii) Stagnant Liver-Qi turning into Heat
iii) Deficiency of the Liver and Kidneys and of the Penetrating Vessel
9. Cracked nipples
i) Stagnant Liver-Qi turning into Fire
ii) Yin deficiency with Blood-Heat
10. Inverted nipples
i) Liver-Qi stagnation and Liver-Blood stasis with Phlegm
ii) Toxic Heat with Blood stasis
11. Peau d’orange
i) Liver-Qi stagnation and Liver-Blood stasis with Phlegm
ii) Toxic Heat with Blood stasis
12. Small breasts
i) Qi and Blood deficiency
ii) Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency
iii) Stomach-Qi deficiency
iv) Blood deficient and dry
89 Miscellaneous Gynaecological Symptoms
Chapter Contents
1. Infertility
i) Kidney deficiency
ii) Blood deficiency
iii) Cold in the Uterus
iv) Dampness in the Lower Burner
v) Blood Heat
vi) Qi stagnation
vii) Blood stasis
viii) Kidney-Yin deficiency with Blood Empty Heat
2. Menopausal syndrome
i) Kidney-Yin deficiency
ii) Kidney-Yang deficiency
iii) Kidney-Yin and Kidney-Yang deficiency
iv) Kidney- and Liver-Yin deficiency with Liver-Yang rising
v) Heart- and Kidney-Yin deficiency
vi) Accumulation of Phlegm and stagnation of Qi
vii) Blood stasis
3. Abdominal masses
i) Liver-Qi stagnation
ii) Stagnation of Qi and stasis of Blood
iii) Blood stasis knotted in the interior
iv) Damp-Phlegm
4. Vaginal discharge
a) White vaginal discharge
i) Spleen-Qi deficiency
ii) Kidney-Yang deficiency
iii) Cold-Dampness
iv) Damp-Heat
b) Yellow vaginal discharge
i) Damp-Heat
ii) Spleen-Qi deficiency
c) Red-white vaginal discharge
i) Damp-Heat
ii) Liver-Qi stagnation with Damp-Heat in the Liver channel
iii) Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
d) Five-colour vaginal discharge
i) Damp-Heat
ii) Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
iii) Cold in the Lower Burner
iv) Liver-Qi stagnation with Damp-Heat in the Liver channel
v) Toxic Heat
5. Vaginal itching
i) Damp-Heat in the Liver channel
ii) Spleen-Qi deficiency with Dampness
iii) Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency
6. Genital eczema
i) Damp-Heat in the Liver channel
ii) Blood deficient and dry
7. Vulvar sores
i) Toxic Heat with Liver-Fire and Damp-Heat
ii) Toxic Heat with Blood stasis in the Liver Channel
iii) Retention of Cold
8. Swelling of the vulva
i) Toxic Heat with Blood stasis in the Liver channel
ii) Damp-Phlegm in the Lower Burner
iii) Damp-Heat and Toxic-Heat in the Liver channel
9. Prolapse of uterus
i) Spleen-Qi sinking
ii) Kidney-Qi deficient and sinking
10. Prolapse of vagina
i) Spleen-Qi sinking
ii) Kidney-Qi not Firm
11. Leukoplakia
i) Damp-Heat in the Liver channel
ii) Spleen-Qi deficiency with Dampness
iii) Liver-Blood deficiency
iv) Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency
v) Kidney-Yang deficiency
12. Dyspareunia
i) Liver-Blood stasis
ii) Dampness in the Lower Burner
iii) Liver-Fire
iv) Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency
13. Bleeding on intercourse
i) Kidney- and Liver-Yin deficiency
ii) Damp-Heat in the Directing and Penetrating vessels
iii) Spleen-Qi deficiency
14. Lack of libido
i) Heart-Qi deficiency
ii) Heart- and Kidney-Yin deficiency with Heart Empty Heat
iii) Kidney-Yang deficiency
iv) Liver-Blood deficiency
v) Liver-Qi stagnation
vi) Dampness in the Lower Burner
15. Loss of pubic hair
i) Kidney-Essence deficiency
ii) Spleen- and Kidney-Yang deficiency
16. Excessive pubic hair
i) Phlegm and Blood stasis
ii) Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
End Notes
3 Paediatric Symptoms and Signs
Introduction
90 Children’s Problems
Chapter Contents
1. Fever
a) Full
i) External invasion of Wind-Cold
ii) External invasion of Wind-Heat
iii) Heat in Bright Yang
iv) Heat at the Ying level
v) Heat at the Blood level
b) Other Patterns
i) Dry-Heat in the Intestines
2. Low-grade fever
i) Retention of food
ii) Residual Heat in the Lungs
iii) Damp-Heat
iv) Qi deficiency
v) Yin deficiency
3. Vomiting
i) Accumulation of breast milk from overfeeding in infants
ii) Damp-Heat in the Stomach and Spleen
iii) Stomach-Qi deficiency
iv) Stomach-Yin deficiency
v) Spleen- and Kidney-Yang deficiency
vi) Invasion of Cold in the Stomach
4. Diarrhoea
a) Empty
i) Spleen-Qi deficiency
b) Full
i) Retention of food
ii) Invasion of Cold in the Spleen
iii) Invasion of Damp-Heat
5. Cough
a) Full
i) Invasion of Wind-Cold
ii) Invasion of Wind-Heat
iii) Phlegm-Heat in the Lungs
iv) Damp-Phlegm in the Lungs
b) Empty
i) Lung- and Spleen-Qi deficiency
6. Wheezing
a) Full
i) Cold-Phlegm in the Lungs
ii) Damp-Phlegm in the Lungs
iii) Phlegm-Heat in the Lungs
b) Full/Empty
iv) Residual Phlegm in the Lungs with Lung-Qi deficiency
v) Residual Phlegm in the Lungs with Spleen-Qi deficiency
b) Empty
i) Deficiency of the Defensive-Qi system of the Lungs and Kidneys
7. Earache
a) Full
i) Invasion of Wind-Heat in the Lesser-Yang channels
ii) Invasion of Damp-Heat in the Lesser-Yang channels
iii) Damp-Heat in the Gall-Bladder and Liver channels
b) Full/Empty
i) Residual Damp-Heat in the Lesser-Yang channels with Spleen-Qi deficiency
8. Glue ear
i) Damp-Phlegm
ii) Dampness
9. Hot palms and soles
i) Accumulation Disorder with Spleen deficiency
ii) Blood and Yin deficiency
10. Constitutional weakness
a) Empty
i) Heart deficiency
ii) Liver deficiency
iii) Spleen deficiency
iv) Lung deficiency
v) Kidney deficiency
11. Constipation in infancy
i) Foetus Heat
ii) Constitutional weakness
12. Retention of urine in infancy
i) Heat in the Bladder
ii) Deficiency of original Qi
13. Crying
i) Spleen deficient and Cold
ii) Heart-Heat
iii) Heart deficiency
iv) Shock
v) Retention of food
14. Crying at night in babies
i) Spleen deficient and Cold
ii) Heart-Heat
iii) Shock
15. Disturbed sleep
a) Full
i) Liver-Fire
ii) Heart-Fire
iii) Residual pathogenic factor (Heat)
iv) Retention of food
v) Stomach-Heat
vi) Shock
16. Accumulation disorder
i) Stagnation of food
ii) Spleen-Qi deficiency with retention of food
17. Pinworms
18. Roundworms
19. Nocturnal enuresis
i) Kidney-Yang deficiency
ii) Liver-Fire
iii) Spleen- and Lung-Qi deficiency
20. Five flaccidities
i) Constitutional Kidney deficiency
ii) Constitutional Spleen deficiency
21. Five retardations
i) Cold Foetus
ii) Liver- and Spleen deficiency
22. Acute skin rash
i) Wind-Heat at Defensive-Qi level
ii) Heat at the Qi level
23. Erysipelas
i) Toxic Heat on the Exterior
ii) Toxic Heat in the Interior
24. Jaundice
i) Damp-Heat
ii) Cold-Dampness
25. Chickenpox
i) Wind-Heat at the Defensive-Qi level
ii) Toxic Heat
26. Flapping nostrils
i) Wind-Heat in the Lung Defensive-Qi portion
ii) Phlegm-Heat in the Lungs
iii) Lung and Kidney deficiency
27. Mumps
i) Invasion of Wind-Heat
ii) Toxic Heat at the Qi level
28. Acute convulsions
i) Invasion of Wind with penetration of Heat at the Qi level
ii) Phlegm-Heat
iii) Retention of food
iv) Shock
29. Chronic convulsions
i) Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency with Empty-Heat
ii) Stomach- and Spleen-Yang deficiency
iii) Spleen- and Kidney-Yang deficiency
30. Foetus toxin
i) Foetus-Toxin Heat
ii) Foetus-Toxin Cold
iii) Foetus-Toxin convulsions
iv) Foetus-Toxin jaundice
31. Sunken fontanelles
i) Spleen- and Kidney-Yang deficiency
ii) Exhaustion of Qi and Fluids
32. Raised fontanelles
i) Toxic Heat
ii) Cold in the Interior
33. Late closure of fontanelles
i) Kidney-Essence deficiency
ii) Spleen deficiency
34. White spots on the palate and tongue
i) Heat in Spleen and Heart
ii) Spleen- and Kidney-Yin deficiency
35. Long penis
i) Congenital Kidney-Yin deficiency
ii) Spleen-Qi sinking
iii) Phlegm and Blood stasis in the Lower Burner
iv) Damp-Heat in the Liver channel
6 Identification of Patterns
Introduction
Identification of patterns according to internal organs
Characteristics and points of attention in identification of patterns according to the internal organs
91 Heart Patterns
Chapter Contents
1. Heart-Qi deficiency
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
2. Heart-Yang deficiency
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
3. Heart-Yang collapse
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
4. Heart-Blood deficiency
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
5. Heart-Qi and Heart-Blood deficiency
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
6. Heart-Yin deficiency
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
7. Heart-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
8. Heart-Qi and Heart-Yin deficiency
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
9. Deficiency of both Heart-Yang and Heart-Yin
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
10. Heart-Yang deficiency with Phlegm
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
11. Heart-Qi stagnation
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
12. Heart-Fire blazing
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
13. Phlegm-Fire harassing the Heart
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
14. Phlegm misting the Mind
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
15. Heart-Blood stasis
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
16. Heart-Vessel obstruction
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
17. Water overflowing to the Heart
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
18. Turbid dampness surrounding the Heart
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
19. Combined patterns
92 Spleen Patterns
Chapter Contents
1. Spleen-Qi deficiency
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
iv) Three Treasures
2. Spleen-Yang deficiency
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
3. Spleen-Blood deficiency
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
iv) Three Treasures
4. Spleen-Qi sinking
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
iv) Three Treasures
5. Spleen not controlling Blood
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
iv) Three Treasures
6. Spleen-Yin deficiency
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
iv) Three Treasures
7. Spleen-Yin Deficiency with Empty Heat
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
8. Cold-Dampness in the Spleen
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
iv) Three Treasures
9. Damp-Heat in the Spleen
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
iv) Three Treasures
10. Spleen-Heat
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
11. Spleen-Qi deficiency with Dampness
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
12. Spleen-Qi deficiency with Phlegm
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
iv) Three Treasures
13. Phlegm obstructing the Middle Burner
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
iv) Three Treasures
14. Yin Fire from deficiency of the Stomach and Spleen and original Qi
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
iv) Three Treasures
15. Combined Patterns
a) Spleen- and Stomach-Qi deficiency
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
iv) Three Treasures
b) Spleen- and Heart-Blood deficiency
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
iv) Three Treasures
c) Spleen- and Lung-Qi deficiency
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
iv) Three Treasures
d) Spleen- and Liver-Blood deficiency
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
iv) Three Treasures
e) Obstruction of Spleen by Dampness with stagnation of Liver-Qi
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
93 Liver Patterns
Chapter Contents
1. Stagnation of Liver-Qi
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
iv) Three Treasures and Women’s Treasure
2. Stagnant Liver-Qi turning into heat
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
iv) Three Treasures
3. Rebellious Liver-Qi
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
4. Liver-Yang rising
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
iv) Three Treasures
5. Liver-Blood stasis
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
iv) Women’s Treasure
6. Liver-Fire blazing upwards
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
iv) Three Treasures
7. Damp-Heat in the liver
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Prescription
iii) Three Treasures
8. Damp-Heat in the Liver and gall-bladder
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
iv) Three Treasures
9. Liver-Wind
a) Extreme Heat generating Wind
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
b) Liver-Yang rising generating Wind
i) Liver-Yang rising deriving from Liver-Yin deficiency
Clinical manifestations
Acupuncture
Prescription
Three Treasures
ii) Liver-Yang rising deriving from Liver- and Kidney-Yin deficiency
Clinical manifestations
Acupuncture
Prescription
Three Treasures
iii) Liver-Yang rising deriving from Liver-Blood deficiency
Clinical manifestations
Acupuncture
Prescription
Three Treasures
c) Liver-Fire generating Wind
Clinical manifestations
Acupuncture
Prescription
Three Treasures
d) Liver-Blood deficiency giving rise to Wind
Clinical manifestations
Acupuncture
Prescription
Three Treasures
10. Liver-Wind harbouring Phlegm
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
iv) Three Treasures
11. Liver-Qi stagnation with Phlegm
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
iv) Three Treasures
12. Liver-Blood deficiency with Phlegm
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
iv) Three Treasures
13. Stagnation of cold in the Liver channel
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
14. Liver-Blood deficiency
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
iv) Three Treasures
15. Liver-Yin deficiency
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
iv) Three Treasures
16. Liver-Qi deficiency
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
17. Liver-Yin deficiency with Empty-Heat
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
18. Liver Phlegm-Fire
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
iv) Three Treasures
19. Liver-Yang deficiency
i) Clinical manifestations
iii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
20. Combined patterns
a) Rebellious Liver-Qi invading the spleen
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
iv) Three Treasures
b) Rebellious Liver-Qi invading the stomach
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
iv) Three Treasures
c) Liver-Fire insulting the lungs
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
d) Liver- and Heart-Blood deficiency
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
iv) Three Treasures
End Notes
94 Lung Patterns
Chapter Contents
1. Lung-Qi deficiency
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
2. Lung-Yang deficiency
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
3. Lung-Yin deficiency
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
iv) Three treasures
4. Lung-Yin deficiency with empty heat
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
5. Lung-QI and Lung-Yin deficiency
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
iv) Three Treasures
6. Lung-Dryness
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
7. Invasion of Lungs by Wind-Cold
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
iv) Three Treasures
8. Invasion of Lungs by Wind-Heat
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
iv) Three Treasures
9. Invasion of Lungs by Wind-Dryness
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
10. Invasion of Lungs by Wind-Water
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
11. Lung-Heat
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
12. Damp-Phlegm in the Lungs
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
iv) Three Treasures
13. Cold-Phlegm in the Lungs
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
14. Phlegm-Heat in the Lungs
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
15. Phlegm-Dryness in the Lungs
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
16. Phlegm-Fluids in the Lungs
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
17. Lung-Qi deficiency with Phlegm
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
18. Lung-Yin deficiency with Phlegm
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
19. Lung-Qi stagnation
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
20. Lung-Qi collapse
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
21. Combined patterns
a) Lung- and Heart-Qi deficiency
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
ii) Prescription
95 Kidney Patterns
Chapter Contents
1. Kidney-qi deficiency
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
2. Kidney-yang deficiency
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
iv) Three Treasures
3. Kidney-yin deficiency
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
iv) Three Treasures
4. Kidney-yin deficiency with empty heat
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
iv) Three Treasures
5. Kidney-yang and kidney-yin deficiency (kidney-yin and kidney-yang deficiency – predominance of kidney-yin deficiency)
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
iv) Three Treasures
6. Kidney-yin and kidney-yang deficiency – predominance of kidney-yang deficiency
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
iv) Three Treasures
7. Kidney-qi not firm
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
iv) Three Treasures
8. Kidneys failing to receive qi
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
iv) Three Treasures
9. Kidney-essence deficiency
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
iv) Three Treasures
10. Kidney-yang deficiency, water overflowing
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
11. Kidney-yin deficiency, empty heat blazing
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
iv) Three Treasures
12. Kidney-yin deficiency with phlegm
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
iv) Three Treasures
13. Combined patterns
14. Kidney-yin and liver-yin deficiency
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
iv) Three Treasures
15. Kidney-yin and liver-yin deficiency with empty-heat
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
16. Kidney and heart not harmonized (kidney-yin and heart-yin deficiency with heart empty-heat)
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
iv) Three Treasures
17. Kidney-yin and lung-yin deficiency
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
iv) Three Treasures
18. Kidney-yin and lung-yin deficiency with empty-heat
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
19. Kidney-yang and spleen-yang deficiency
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
96 Small Intestine Patterns
Chapter Contents
1. Full-Heat in the Small Intestine
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
2. Small Intestine Qi pain
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
3. Small Intestine Qi tied
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
4. Small Intestine deficient and Cold
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
5. Infestation of worms in the Small Intestine
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
97 Stomach Patterns
Chapter Contents
1. Stomach-Qi deficiency
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
iv) Three Treasures
2. Stomach deficient and Cold (Stomach-Yang Deficiency)
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
3. Stomach-Yin deficiency
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
iv) Three Treasures
4. Stomach-Yin deficiency with Empty Heat
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
5. Deficiency of Stomach-Yin and Stomach-Yang
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
6. Stomach-Qi stagnation
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
iv) Three Treasures
7. Blood Stasis in the Stomach
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
iv) Three Treasures
8. Stomach-Heat
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
9. Stomach-Fire
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
10. Stomach Phlegm-Fire
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
iv) Three Treasures
11. Stomach Damp-Heat
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
iv) Three Treasures
12. Cold invading the Stomach
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
13. Stomach-Qi rebelling upwards
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
iv) Three Treasures
14. Retention of food in the Stomach
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
98 Gall-Bladder Patterns
Chapter Contents
1. Damp-heat in the gall-bladder and liver
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
iv) Three Treasures
2. Damp-heat in the gall-bladder
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
3. Damp-cold in the gall-bladder
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
4. Gall-bladder heat
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
5. Gall-bladder deficient
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
6. Stagnation of the gall-bladder with phlegm-heat
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
99 Large Intestine Patterns
Chapter Contents
1. Damp-heat in the Large Intestine
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
2. Heat in the Large Intestine
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
3. Heat obstructing the Large Intestine
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
4. Cold invading the Large Intestine
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
5. Large Intestine Dryness
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
6. Large Intestine Cold
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
7. Dampness in the Large Intestine
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
8. Large Intestine deficient and Cold
i) Clinical Manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
9. Large Intestine deficient and Damp
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
10. Collapse of Large Intestine
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
100 Bladder Patterns
Chapter Contents
1. Damp-heat in the bladder
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
iv) Three Treasures
2. Damp-cold in the bladder
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
3. Bladder deficient and cold
i) Clinical manifestations
ii) Acupuncture
iii) Prescription
Appendices
Appendix 1 Case Histories: Index
Appendix 2 Prescriptions
Note
Ai fu nuan gong wan
An shen ding zhi wan
Ba xian chang shou wan
Ba zhen tang
Ba zheng san
Bai he gu jin tang
Bai hu tang
Bai tou weng tang
Ban xia hou po tang
Ban xia tang
Bao he wan
Bao yin jian
Bao yuan tang
Bei mu gua lou san
Bu fei tang
Bu gan tang
Bu shen gu chong wan
Bu shen yang xue tang
Bu zhong yi qi tang
Cang er bi dou yan fang
Cang fu dao tan wan
Chai hu shu gan tang
Chang tai bai zhu san
Chen xiang jiang qi tang (stomach-qi stagnation)
Da bu yin wan
Da bu yuan jian
Da ding feng zhu
Dan shen yin
Dan zhi xiao yao san
Dang gui shao yao san
Dang gui si ni tang
Dang gui ji xue teng tang
Dang gui long hui wan
Dang gui gui zhi tang
Dao chi qing xin tang
Dao chi san
Di sheng tang
Di tan tang
Ding xiang shi di tang
Duo ming san
E jiao ji zi huang tang
Empirical prescription by dr chen jia xu for liver-qi deficiency
Er chen tang
Er zhi wan
Fo shou san
Fu tu dan
Fu zi li zhong wan
Gan cao gan jiang tang
Gan lu xiao du dan
Ge gen qin lian tang
Ge xia zhu yu tang
Gu tai jian
Gui pi tang
Gui shen wan
Gui zhi fu ling wan
Gui zhi tang
Gun tan wan
Hao qin qing dan tang
Hei shen san
Hua chong wan
Hua gan jian
Huang lian e jiao tang
Huang qi jian zhong tang
Huo po xia ling tang
Huo xiang zheng qi san
Jian ling tang
Jie du huo xue tang
Jin gui shen qi wan
Jin ling zi san
Jin suo gu jing wan
Jing fang si wu tang
Ju he wan
Ju pi zhu ru tang
Li yan cha
Li yin jian
Li zhong an hui tang
Li zhong tang
Lian mei an hui tang
Lian po yin
Liang di tang
Liang fu wan
Liang ge san
Liang shou tang
Ling gan wu wei jiang xin tang
Ling gui zhu gan tang
Ling jiao gou teng tang
Liu jun zi tang
Liu wei di huang wan
Long chi qing hun tang
Long dan bi yuan fang
Long dan xie gan tang
Lu jiao tu si zi wan
Ma huang tang
Ma xing shi gan tang
Ma zi ren wan
Mai men dong tang
Mu xiang liu qi yin
Nei bu wan
Nuan gan jian
Ping wei san
Qi ju di huang wan
Qing e wan
Qing gan tou ding tang
Qing gu san
Qing hai wan
Qing hao bie jia tang
Qing jing san
Qing luo yin
Qing qi hua tan tang
Qing re an tai yin
Qing re gu jing tang
Qing re tiao xue tang
Qing wei san
Qing ying tang
Qing zao jiu fei tang
Qing zao run chang tang
Qu tiao tang
Ren shen bu fei tang
Rou fu bao yuan tang
San jia fu mai tang
San miao hong teng tang
San ren tang
San zi yang qin tang
Sang ju yin
Sang piao xiao san
Sang xing tang
Sha shen mai dong tang
Shao fu zhu yu tang
Shao yao tang
She gan ma huang tang
Shen fu tang
Shen ge san
Shen ling bai zhu san
Shen qi si wu tang
Sheng hua tang
Sheng mai san
Sheng yang tang
Sheng yu tang
Shi pi yin
Shi xiao san
Shou tai wan
Si hai shu yu wan
Si jun zi tang
Si mo tang
Si ni tang
Si wu ma zi ren wan
Si wu tang
Su he xiang wan
Su zi jiang qi tang
Suo gong zhu yu tang
Suo quan wan
Tao he cheng qi tang
Tao hong si wu tang
Tian di jian
Tian ma gou teng yin
Tian tai wu yao san
Tian wang bu xin dan
Tiao wei cheng qi tang
Tiao zheng san
Tong you tang
Tu si zi wan
Wei ling san
Wei ling tang
Wen dan tang
Wen pi tang
Wen yang bu gan jian
Wu hu tang
Wu ling san
Wu mei wan
Wu ren wan
Wu yao san
Wu zhu yu tang
Wu zi yan zong wan
Xi jiao di huang tang
Xiang leng wan
Xiao chai hu tang
Xiao jian zhong tang
Xiao qing long tang
Xiao yao san
Xie bai san
Xie huang san
Xie xin tang
Xin yi qing fei yin
Xing su san
Xuan fu dai zhe tang
Xue fu zhu yu tang
Yan hu suo tang
Yang yin qing fei tang
Yi gan san
Yi guan jian
Yi jia zheng qi san
Yi wei tang
Yi yin jian
Yin chen hao tang
Yin jia wan
Yin qiao san
You gui wan
Yu nu jian
Yue ju wan
Zeng ye tang
Zhen gan xi feng tang
Zhen ren yang zang tang
Zhen wu tang
Zheng qi tian xiang san
Zhi bo di huang wan
Zhi gan cao tang
Zhi shi dao zhi wan
Zhi shi gua lou gui zhi tang
Zhu ye shi gao tang
Zuo gui wan
Zuo gui yin
Zuo jin wan
Appendix 3 History of Diagnosis in Chinese Medicine
Pulse diagnosis
Pulse diagnosis in early times
Bian Que
Ma Wang Dui texts
The Yellow Emperor’s Classic of Internal Medicine (Huang Qi Nei Jing Su Wen)
Pulse diagnosis in Han, Jin, Sui and Tang dynasties
Yi Chun Yu
Pulse diagnosis in the ‘Classic of Difficulties’ (Nan Jing)
Zhang Zhong Jing
The ‘Pulse Classic’ (Mai Jing)
The ‘Thousand Golden Ducats Prescriptions’ (Qian Jin Fang)
Pulse diagnosis in Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties
Pulse diagnosis in modern times
Channel diagnosis
Observation of the thenar eminence
Observation of the ear
Plucking of the vein in the inner leg
Observation of sublingual veins
Observation of the index finger in babies
Origin of observation of the index finger in babies
Observation of the index finger in the Song and Yuan dynasties
Observation of the index finger in babies during the Ming and Qing dynasties
Observation of the index finger in babies in modern times
Tongue diagnosis
Warring States period (475–221bc)
Han Dynasty (206bc–ad220)
Sui and Tang dynasties (ad581–907)
Song, Jin and Yuan dynasties (960–1368)
Ming and Qing dynasties (1368–1911)
Modern times
End Notes
Appendix 4 The Classics Of Chinese Medicine
The Yellow Emperor’s Classic Of Internal Medicine (between 300 and 100 BC, Warring States Period, Qin and Han dynasties)
Huang Di Nei Jing
The classic of difficulties (ca. 100 BC, Han dynasty)
Nan Jing
Essential prescriptions of the golden chest (AD 220, Han dynasty)
Jin Gui Yao Lue
The Pulse Classic (AD 280, Three Kingdoms Period)
Mai Jing
Discussion of the origin of symptoms in diseases (AD 610, Sui dynasty)
Zhu Bing Yuan Hou Lun
Thousand golden ducats prescriptions (AD 652, Tang dynasty)
Qian Jin Yao Fang
Discussion on Stomach and Spleen (1249, Song dynasty)
Pi Wei Lun
Qi Jing Ba Mai Kao (1578, Ming dynasty)
A Study of the Eight Extraordinary Vessels
A study of the pulse by the pin hu lake master (1578, Ming dynasty)
Pin Hu Mai Xue
Compendium of acupuncture (1601, Ming dynasty)
Zhen Jiu Da Cheng
Classic of categories (1624, Ming dynasty)
Lei Jing
Jing Yue Quan Shu (1624, Ming dynasty)
Complete Book of Jing Yue
An explanation of the acupuncture points (1654, Qing dynasty)
Jing Xue Jie
Yi Zong Jin Jian (1742, Qing dynasty)
Golden Mirror of Medicine
Discussion on blood patterns (1884, Qing dynasty)
Xue Zheng Lun
End Notes
Pinyin-English Glossary of Chinese Terms
General
Symptoms and signs
Disease-symptoms
Vital substances
Emotions
Channels and points
Pulse positions
Pulse qualities
Methods of treatment
Pathogenic factors
Bibliography
Chinese Chronology
Index
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