Comprehensive practical resource for clinicians
Clear explanation of assessment and treatment
Discussion of novel diagnostic and therapeutic options
This book is a practical resource for clinicians who manage patients with chronic cough, which represents a major challenge in the clinic due to multiple diagnostic and therapeutic considerations. Essential assessments for cough and treatable traits are described, covering the upper and lower airways and the gastrointestinal tract, and appropriate treatments are identified according to the different findings and diagnoses. Based on recent mechanistic and clinical advances, the authors also discuss novel diagnostic and therapeutic options, including pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches to control cough. Particular considerations of importance when dealing with chronic cough in children and the elderly are addressed separately. The book will be an invaluable guide and reference for all practitioners who require up-to-date information on how best to assess, diagnose, and treat patients with chronic cough.
Author(s): Sang Heon Cho, Woo-Jung Song
Edition: 1
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2021
Language: English
Tags: Pneumology; Respiratory System; Chronic Cough; Allergy and Clinical Immunology; Pulmonary & Thoracic Medicine
Preface
Contents
1: Chronic Cough
Introduction
Impact of Chronic Cough
Clinical Approach Based on the Neuroanatomy of Cough Reflex Pathways
Summary
References
2: How to Assess Cough in the Clinic
Introduction
History
Subjective Effects of Cough
Severity
Impact
Clinical Examination
Investigations
Routine Investigations
Chest Radiograph
Spirometry
Additional Investigations
Thoracic Computed Tomography
Bronchoscopy
Sinus Imaging and Upper Airway Endoscopy
Markers of Eosinophilic Airway Inflammation
Gastrointestinal Investigations
Cough Frequency
Other Investigations
Follow-Up
Summary
References
3: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Trials for Chronic Cough in Adults: An Overview
Introduction
History Taking
Cough Duration and Cough Description
Cough Triggers
Family History
Cough Assessment
Cough Questionnaires
Cough-Associated Symptoms
Other Medical Conditions to Consider
Risk Factors
Physical Examination and Diagnostic Tests in Assessing Patients with Chronic Cough
Physical Examination
Blood Samples
Chest X-Ray
Spirometry with Reversibility Testing
Methacholine and Mannitol Provocations
Capsaicin Cough Sensitivity
FeNO
Induced Sputum
Chest Computed Tomography Scan (CT)
Gastroscopy and 24 h Oesophageal pH Measurement
Oesophageal Motility Recording
Laryngoscopy
Rhinoscopy
Therapeutic Trials
When Treatable Traits Are Not Found and Risk Factors Are Excluded
Corticosteroids and Anti-leukotrienes
Neuromodulatory Agents
Drugs with Pro-motility Activity
Anti-acid Drugs
H1-Antihistamines
Non-pharmacological Therapy (Cough Control Therapy)
Summary
References
4: Upper Airways: Assessment and Treatment for Cough
Introduction
Sinonasal Disease and Chronic Cough
Diagnostic Tools
Treatment
Laryngeal Dysfunction and Chronic Cough
Diagnostic Tools
Treatment
Conclusion
References
5: Lower Airways: Assessment and Treatment for Cough
Introduction
Assessment of Chronic Cough Related with Lower Airways Disease
Pulmonary Function Test
Induced Sputum Test
Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide
Chest CT
Bronchoscopy
Treatment of Chronic Cough Related with Lower Diseases
Cough Variant Asthma
Nonasthmatic Eosinophilic Bronchitis
Atopic Cough
Summary
References
6: Gastrointestinal Tract: Assessment and Treatment of Cough
Introduction
Prevalence of GERC
Mechanisms of GERC
Assessment of GERC
GERC Treatment
Conclusion
References
7: Pharmacological Management of Cough
Introduction
Pharmacological Managements
Targeting Eosinophilic Airway Inflammation
Cough Neuromodulators
Promotility Agents
Novel Treatments
ATP Story
Neurokinin Story
ACE Inhibitor
Conclusion
References
8: Non-pharmacological Control of Cough
Non-pharmacological Approaches for Chronic Cough
Components of Non-pharmacological Treatment Approaches
Evidence for Non-pharmaceutical Approaches
Mechanisms for Non-pharmacological Approaches
When Should Non-pharmacological Approaches Be Used for Chronic Cough?
Non-pharmacological Combination Approaches
Conclusion
References
9: Chronic Cough in Children
Introduction
Definition of Chronic Cough in Children
Common Causes of Chronic Cough in Children
Asthma
Protracted Bacterial Bronchitis
Nonspecific Cough That Resolves Without Specific Treatment (or Post-infectious Cough)
Upper Airway Cough Syndrome
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
Tic Cough (Habit Cough) and Somatic Cough Disorder (Psychogenic Cough)
Other Causes of Chronic Cough in Children
Clinical Approach (Fig. 9.1)
Clinical History and Physical Examination
Initial Diagnostic Tests
Chest Radiography
Pulmonary Function Tests
Classification into Specific and Nonspecific Cough
Empirical Treatments in Children with Chronic Isolated Cough (Cough Without Any Other Specific Cough Pointer)
Additional Diagnostic Tests
Chest CT Scan
Bronchoscopy
Sputum Testing
Allergy Testing
Esophageal pH or Multichannel Intraluminal Impedance Monitoring
Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide
Treatment of Chronic Cough in Children
Summary
References
10: Chronic Cough in Older Adults
Introduction
Epidemiology
Clinical Characteristics
Therapeutic Considerations
Summary
References
