Developments in Antenna Analysis and Design presents recent developments in antenna design and modeling techniques for a wide variety of applications, chosen because they are contemporary in nature, have been receiving considerable attention in recent years, and are crucial for future developments. It includes topics such as body-worn antennas, that play an important role as sensors for Internet of Things (IoT), and millimeter wave antennas that are vitally important for 5G devices. It also covers a wide frequency range that includes terahertz and optical frequencies. Additionally, it discusses topics such as theoretical bounds of antennas and aspects of statistical analysis that are not readily found in the existing literature. This first volume covers the theory of characteristic modes (TCM) and characteristic bases; wideband antenna element designs; MIMO antennas; antennas for wireless communication; reconfigurable antennas employing microfluidics; flexible and body-worn antennas; and antennas using meta-atoms and artificially-engineered materials, or metamaterials (MTMs). A second volume covers the topics of: graphene-based antennas; millimeter-wave antennas; terahertz antennas; optical antennas; fundamental bounds of antennas; fast and numerically efficient techniques for analyzing antennas; statistical analysis of antennas; ultra-wideband arrays; reflectarrays; and antennas for small satellites, viz., CubeSats. The two volumes represent a unique combination of topics pertaining to antenna design and analysis, not found elsewhere. It is essential reading for the antenna community including designers, students, researchers, faculty engaged in teaching and research of antennas, and the users as well as decision makers.
Author(s): Raj Mittra
Publisher: SciTech Publishing/IET
Year: 2019
Language: English
Pages: 506
Tags: Antenna Analysis, Design
Cover......Page 1
Contents......Page 6
Preface......Page 12
1.1.2 Characteristic mode theory......Page 14
1.2 Antenna design examples using the characteristic mode theory......Page 19
1.2.1 Circularly polarized antennas......Page 20
1.2.2 Wideband antennas......Page 24
1.2.3 Chassis-based MIMO antennas......Page 25
1.2.4 Bandwidth enhancement of platform-based antennas......Page 28
1.3 Summary......Page 44
References......Page 45
2.1 Introduction......Page 48
2.2 TCM approach to designing antennas for mobile phone platforms......Page 50
2.3 Characteristic basis method for locating antennas on mobile phone platforms......Page 55
2.4.1 TCM-based approach......Page 58
2.4.1.1 TCM approach to pattern realization from sources located on a complex platform......Page 59
2.4.2.1 Pattern control using CBs......Page 63
2.5.1 Four microstrip patch antennas on an FR4 substrate......Page 65
2.5.2 Topside of a ship excited by monopoles......Page 68
2.5.3 Four PIFA antennas on FR4 substrate......Page 70
2.5.4 Chassis excited by six dipoles......Page 71
2.6 Conclusion......Page 75
Acknowledgment......Page 76
A1.2 Generation of CBs......Page 77
A1.2.1 Comparison between CMs and CBs......Page 78
A2.1 TCM analysis of mobile phone antenna and antenna-plus-platform......Page 86
References......Page 87
3.1 Introduction......Page 90
3.2.1 L-probe feeding mechanism......Page 91
3.2.2 M-probe feeding mechanism......Page 96
3.3.1 Performance with different Ph......Page 104
3.3.2 Performance with different aspect ratio......Page 106
3.4.1 Circular polarization......Page 110
3.4.2 Dual polarization......Page 111
3.4.4 Conformal ground plane......Page 112
3.4.6 Fusion of the L-probe and M-probe in antenna design......Page 113
References......Page 116
4.1 Introduction......Page 122
4.2 MIMO antenna system performance metrics......Page 123
4.3 Major MIMO antenna system design challenges......Page 128
4.4.1 Mobile phones and handheld devices......Page 129
4.4.2 Cognitive radio front-ends......Page 132
4.4.3 USB dongle MIMO implementations......Page 133
4.4.4 Wireless access point MIMO implementations......Page 134
4.5.2 Base station 5G solutions......Page 135
4.6 Conclusions......Page 136
References......Page 137
5.1 Introduction......Page 142
5.2.1 Basic operating principle......Page 143
5.2.2 Classification of LWAs......Page 144
5.3.1 One-dimensional (1-D) Fabry–Pérot LWA......Page 145
5.3.2 Composite right/left-handed transmission line and LWA......Page 148
5.3.3 Half-width microstrip LWA......Page 150
5.4.1 1-D FP-reconfigurable LWAs......Page 151
5.4.1.1 Analysis on the reconfigurable FP LWA......Page 152
5.4.1.2 Antenna prototype and measured results......Page 155
5.4.2.2 Dispersion and antenna analysis......Page 159
5.5 Experimental results......Page 162
5.5.1.1 Reconfigurable CRLH LWA for fixed-frequency beam scanning......Page 165
5.5.1.2 CRLH LWA with tunable beamwidth and radiation angle......Page 168
5.5.2 Reconfigurable half-width microstrip LWA......Page 169
5.5.2.1 Analysis of 1-D reconfigurable structure using multistate macrocell......Page 170
5.5.2.2 Antenna design using binary unit cells......Page 174
5.5.2.3 Analysis of the LWA using macrocell states......Page 175
5.5.2.5 Measured results......Page 177
5.6 Conclusion......Page 180
References......Page 181
6.1 Introduction......Page 184
6.2 Reconfigurable array antennas......Page 185
6.3.1 Frequency-reconfigurable PRS antenna......Page 195
6.3.2 Pattern-reconfigurable PRS antenna......Page 196
6.3.3 Polarization-reconfigurable PRS antenna......Page 202
References......Page 210
7.1 Introduction......Page 216
7.2 Fabrication and actuation techniques......Page 218
7.3 Flexible and stretchable liquid metal antennas......Page 223
7.4 Frequency-reconfigurable liquid metal antennas......Page 226
7.5 Reconfigurable antennas using dielectric liquids......Page 233
7.6 Beam-steerable liquid metal antennas......Page 237
7.7 Reconfigurable antennas using microfluidically repositionable metallized plates......Page 240
7.8 Concluding remarks......Page 249
References......Page 250
8.1 Introduction......Page 256
8.2 Wearable antennas for biomedical applications......Page 259
8.3 AMC-based flexible wearable antennas......Page 260
8.4 Inkjet-printed wearable antennas......Page 262
8.5.1 Single- and multi-layer multi-Bowtie conformal antennas......Page 263
8.5.2 Dielectric resonator antennas for wearable application......Page 266
8.5.3 Wearable artistic antennas for WLAN-band......Page 268
8.5.3.1 Motivation......Page 270
8.5.3.2 Design challenges......Page 273
8.5.3.3 Simulation models, prototyping, and measurement......Page 275
8.5.3.4 Tajima machine used for prototyping......Page 278
8.5.3.5 Simulated and measured results......Page 279
8.5.3.8 Art gallery exhibition......Page 283
References......Page 284
9 Wearable technology and mobile platform for wearable antennas for human health monitoring......Page 292
9.1 Introduction......Page 293
9.2 Smart textile for health monitoring......Page 295
9.3 Electrical signals from the brain and heart......Page 299
9.4 Cardiovascular anatomy and electrophysiology......Page 304
9.4.1 The dipole theory for ECG......Page 307
9.4.2 Derivation of ECG from dipole vector......Page 309
9.5 Monitoring and diagnosis: neurological signal measurements......Page 311
9.6 Monitoring and diagnosis: cardiological signal measurements of diagnostic value......Page 315
9.7 Monitoring systems......Page 320
9.8 Neurological disorder monitoring by wearable wireless nano-bio-textile sensors......Page 324
9.9 Cardiovascular health monitoring......Page 340
9.9.1 Hardware system......Page 341
9.9.2 ECG signal acquisition......Page 342
9.10 Biofeedback system for therapeutics......Page 350
9.11 Conclusion......Page 353
References......Page 354
10.1 Introduction......Page 364
10.2 Lens designs using MTMs......Page 366
10.3 Lens design using RO......Page 368
10.4 3D-Printing technique......Page 369
10.5 Design of artificially engineered materials......Page 370
10.5.1 Designing higher-permittivity materials from low-permittivity COTS material: method-1......Page 371
10.5.2 Designing higher-permittivity materials from low-permittivity COTS material: method-2......Page 372
10.5.4 Designing lower-permittivity materials from high-permittivity 3D-printing material......Page 373
10.6.1 PLA Lens design......Page 375
10.6.1.1 Lens fabrication......Page 378
10.6.1.2 Lens measurement......Page 380
10.6.1.3 Results......Page 381
10.6.2 DaD lens design......Page 384
10.6.3 ABS lens design......Page 390
10.6.3.1 Results......Page 391
10.6.4 Comparison of DaD and ABS lenses......Page 394
10.7 Summary......Page 397
10.8 Metal-only reflectarray antenna designs using metasurfaces......Page 399
10.9.1 Example-1......Page 407
10.9.2 Example-2......Page 411
References......Page 415
11 Microwave antennas based on metamaterials and metasurfaces......Page 420
11.1.1.1 High-gain flat lens......Page 421
11.1.1.2 High-gain and low-sidelobe flat lens......Page 423
11.1.1.3 Loading-inside flat lens......Page 427
11.1.1.4 Anisotropic flat lens......Page 429
11.1.2.1 Luneburg lens......Page 432
11.1.2.2 Fish-eye lens......Page 436
11.2 MTM antennas using transformation optics......Page 438
11.2.1 MTM flattened reflectors......Page 440
11.2.2 MTM flattened convex and hyperbolic lenses......Page 444
11.2.3 MTM Luneburg lens with flattened focal surface......Page 447
11.3 Metasurface antennas......Page 449
11.3.2 Spoof SPP radiations......Page 451
11.3.3 Coding metasurfaces......Page 452
References......Page 453
12.1 Introduction......Page 458
12.2 State-of-the-art ZPSL loop antennas......Page 459
12.3.1.1 Eigen-mode analysis......Page 460
12.3.1.2 Driven-mode analysis with loop configuration......Page 462
12.3.1.3 Equivalent circuit......Page 464
12.3.2 Design guidelines......Page 465
12.4.1 Electrically large zero-phase-shift-line loop antennas for UHF near-field RFID readers......Page 469
12.4.1.1 Zero-phase-shift-line single-loop antenna......Page 470
12.4.1.2 Zero-phase-shift-line dual-loop antenna......Page 471
12.4.1.3 Zero-phase-shift-line grid-loop array antenna......Page 476
12.4.1.4 AMC-backed directional ZPSL loop antenna......Page 479
12.4.2 Horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna for WLAN access points......Page 483
12.4.3 CP omnidirectional antenna for UHF far-field RFID readers......Page 485
12.5 Summary......Page 490
References......Page 491
Index......Page 496
Back Cover......Page 506
