Destruction of Hazardous Chemicals in the Laboratory Single volume reference providing procedural information for the destruction of a wide variety of hazardous chemicals Destruction of Hazardous Chemicals in the Laboratory is a practical reference that describes procedures for the destruction of a comprehensive list of hazardous chemicals and provides general methods for the destruction of hazardous chemicals in the laboratory without the need for exotic reagents and equipment. Unlike most other sources on this subject, detailed reaction parameters are provided to readers. These details will help the reader decide if a procedure will be appropriate. To further aid in reader comprehension, numerous tables throughout the book allow for ready comparison of procedures. Destruction of Hazardous Chemicals in the Laboratory also describes the critical aspects of various protocols (e.g., UV lamp type and rate of ozone flow). The updated fourth edition Includes an updated survey of the literature from 2012-2021 and features data mined from 1,500 papers. It also describes recent examples of methods that are generally applicable to organic compounds and greatly expands the section on methods for the destruction of pharmaceuticals in the laboratory. In this book, readers can expect to find detailed information on: Specific methods for the destruction of hazardous chemicals in the laboratory, such as aflatoxins, butyllithium, complex metal hydrides, ethidium bromide, MPTP, nitrosamines, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Methods for the destruction of pharmaceuticals in the laboratory, such as those using ozone, persulfate, and potassium permanganate as well as photolytic degradation procedures Procedures for drying organic solvents A discussion of the issues concerning nitrosamine formation during the destruction process, particularly when sodium hypochlorite is used A variety of indexes, including a general index, cross index of pharmaceuticals and destruction procedures, cross index of dyes and destruction procedures, and cross index of names for dyes and biological stains Destruction of Hazardous Chemicals in the Laboratory is of immense value to researchers in the laboratory by enabling them to quickly and efficiently get rid of residual amounts of hazardous chemicals when a series of experiments has ended. The procedures in the text can also be incorporated into laboratory protocols.
Cover
Title Page
Copyright
Contents
PREFACE
INTRODUCTION
About This Book
Properties of a Destruction Technique
Contents of a Detailed Monograph
Summary Tables
Mutagenicity Assays
Analytical Procedures
Spills
Applicability of Procedures
References
SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS
Nitrosamine Formation
Sodium Hypochlorite
Nickel–Aluminum Alloy
Potassium Permanganate
References
SPECIFIC METHODS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS IN THE LABORATORY
Acetonitrile
Principles of Destruction and Decontamination
Destruction Procedure
Analytical Procedures
Related Compounds
Alternatives
References
Acid Halides and Anhydrides
Principle of Destruction
Destruction Procedures
Destruction Procedure for Highly Reactive Compounds (e.g., Acetyl Chloride, Propionyl Chloride, Dimethylcarbamoyl Chloride, Benzoyl Chloride, Thionyl Chloride, Sulfuryl Chloride, Methanesulfonyl Chloride, and Acetic Anhydride)
Destruction Procedure for Compounds of Lesser Reactivity (e.g., Benzenesulfonyl Chloride and p-Toluenesulfonyl Chloride)
Destruction Procedure for Compounds of Unknown Reactivity
Analytical Procedures
Related Compounds
References
Aflatoxins
Aflatoxin B1
Principles of Destruction
Destruction Procedures
Destruction of Stock Quantities
Destruction of Aflatoxins in Aqueous Solution
Destruction of Aflatoxins in Volatile Organic Solvents
Destruction of Aflatoxins in Oil
Decontamination of Equipment and Thin-Layer Chromatography Plates
Treatment of Spills
Destruction of Aflatoxins in Animal Litter
Destruction of Aflatoxins in Animal Carcasses
Destruction of Aflatoxins in Aqueous Solution Using Ozone
Analytical Procedures
Mutagenicity Assays
Related Compounds
Assay of Sodium Hypochlorite Solution
References
Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals
Principles of Destruction
Destruction Procedures
Sodium and Lithium
Potassium
Magnesium
Barium, Calcium, and Strontium
References
Alkali Metal Alkoxides
Principle of Destruction
Destruction Procedure
References
Anatoxin-A
Principles of Destruction
Destruction Procedures
Destruction Using Ozone
Using Potassium Permanganate
Analytical Procedures
Related Compounds
References
Aromatic Amines
Principles of Destruction
Destruction Procedures
Destruction of Aromatic Amines in Bulk and in Organic Solvents
Destruction of Aromatic Amines in Aqueous Solution
Destruction of Aromatic Amines in Oil
Destruction of 2-Aminoanthracene
Decontamination of Spills
Decontamination of Glassware
Decontamination of Large Quantities of Solutions Containing Aromatic Amines
Destruction of Aromatic Amines Using the Fenton Reaction
Analytical Procedures
Mutagenicity Assays
Related Compounds
References
Arsenic
Principles of Decontamination
Decontamination Procedures
Analytical Procedures
Related Compounds
References
Azides
Principles of Destruction
Destruction Procedures
Sodium Azide
Organic Azides
Analytical Procedures
Analysis for Sodium Azide
Analysis for Nitrite
Related Compounds and Reactions
References
Azo and Azoxy Compounds and Tetrazenes
Principles of Destruction
Destruction Procedures
Destruction of Azobenzene, Azoxybenzene, Azoxyanisole, Phenylazophenol, Azoxymethane, and Tetramethyltetrazene
Destruction of Azobenzene, Azoxyanisole, Phenylazophenol, Phenylazoaniline, and Fast Garnet
Destruction of N,N-Dimethyl-4-Amino-4′-Hydroxyazobenzene
Analytical Procedures
Mutagenicity Assays
Related Compounds
References
Boron Trifluoride and Inorganic Fluorides
Principles of Destruction and Decontamination
Destruction and Decontamination Procedures
Destruction of Boron Trifluoride Etherate
Decontamination of Solutions Containing Fluoride
Analytical Procedures
Related Compounds
References
Botulinum Toxins
Principles of Destruction
Destruction Procedures
Inactivation by Steam Autoclave
Inactivation by Application of Heat
Inactivation Using Sodium Hypochlorite Solutions
Treatment of Spills Using Sodium Hydroxide Solutions
Detection Procedures
Assay of Sodium Hypochlorite Solution
References
Brevetoxins
Principles of Destruction
Destruction Procedures
Inactivation Using Sodium Hypochlorite
Inactivation Using Sodium Hypochlorite and Sodium Hydroxide
Analytical Procedures
Assay of Sodium Hypochlorite Solution
Related Compounds
References
Butyllithium
Principle of Destruction
Destruction Procedures
Analytical Procedures for Alkyllithium Reagents
Related Compounds
References
Calcium Carbide
Destruction Procedures
References
Carbamic Acid Esters
Principles of Destruction
Destruction Procedures
Destruction of N-Methylurethane, Methyl Carbamate, and Urethane
Destruction of N-Methylurethane, N-Ethylurethane, Methyl Carbamate, and Urethane
Analytical Procedures
Mutagenicity Assays
Related Compounds
References
Carbofuran
Principles of Destruction and Decontamination
Destruction Procedures
Analytical Procedures
Related Compounds
References
Chloromethylsilanes and Silicon Tetrachloride
Destruction Procedure
References
N-Chlorosuccinimide and Chloramine-T
Destruction Procedure
Related Compounds
References
Chlorosulfonic Acid
Destruction Procedure
Related Compounds
References
Chromium(VI)
Principles of Destruction
Destruction Procedures
Disposal of Bulk Quantities of Chromium(VI)-Containing Compounds (Sodium Dichromate, Potassium Dichromate, Ammonium Dichromate, Chromium Trioxide, and Chromerge Concentrate)
Disposal of Solutions Containing Chromium(VI) (e.g., New or Used Chromic Acid or Chromerge Solutions)
Analytical Procedures
Mutagenicity Assays
Related Compounds and Related Procedures
References
Citrinin
Principle of Destruction
Destruction Procedures
Destruction of Bulk Quantities of Citrinin
Destruction of Citrinin in Aqueous Solution
Destruction of Citrinin in Volatile Organic Solvents
Destruction of Citrinin in Dimethyl Sulfoxide or N,N-Dimethylformamide
Decontamination of Glassware
Decontamination of Protective Clothing
Decontamination of Spills
Decontamination of Thin-Layer Chromatography Plates
Analytical Procedures
Mutagenicity Assays
Related Compounds
Assay of Sodium Hypochlorite Solution
References
Complex Metal Hydrides
Principles of Destruction
Destruction Procedures
Lithium Aluminum Hydride
Sodium Borohydride
Borane·THF Complex
Sodium Hydride and Potassium Hydride
Lithium Hydride
Calcium Hydride
Sodium Cyanoborohydride
Assay of Sodium Hypochlorite Solution
Analytical Procedures
Related Compounds
References
Cyanides and Cyanogen Bromide
Principles of Destruction
Destruction Procedures
Destruction of Bulk Quantities
Destruction of Sodium Cyanide or Cyanogen Bromide in Solution
Destruction of Cyanogen Bromide in 70% Formic Acid
Destruction of Hydrogen Cyanide
Decontamination of Hydrogen Cyanide From Exhaust Gases
Destruction of Cyanide in Solution with Hydrogen Peroxide
Destruction of Cyanide in Solution Using Photocatalytic Procedures
Assay of Sodium Hypochlorite Solution
Analytical Procedures
Mutagenicity Assays
Related Compounds and Related Procedures
References
Cylindrospermopsin
Principle of Destruction
Destruction Procedures
Analytical Procedures
Related Compounds
References
Diisopropyl Fluorophosphate
Principle of Destruction
Destruction Procedures
Destruction of Diisopropyl Fluorophosphate in Buffer or Water
Destruction of Diisopropyl Fluorophosphate in N,N-Dimethylformamide
Destruction of Bulk Quantities of Diisopropyl Fluorophosphate
Decontamination of Spills or Equipment
Buffers
Analytical Procedures
Procedure
Mutagenicity Assays
Related Compounds and Related Procedures
References
Dimethyl Sulfate and Related Compounds
Principles of Destruction
Destruction Procedures
Destruction of Bulk Quantities of Dimethyl Sulfate and Diethyl Sulfate
Destruction of Bulk Quantities of Methyl Methanesulfonate, Ethyl Methanesulfonate, Butadiene Diepoxide, and 1,3-Propane Sultone
Destruction of Dimethyl Sulfate in Organic Solvents
Destruction of Dimethyl Sulfate, Diethyl Sulfate, Methyl Methanesulfonate, and Ethyl Methanesulfonate
Spills of Dimethyl Sulfate
Removal of Alkyl Methanesulfonates and Alkyl Benzenesulfonates from Organic Solutions
Analytical Procedures
Mutagenicity Assays
Related Compounds
References
Dyes And Biological Stains
Introduction
References
Decontamination Procedures
Decontamination Procedures
References
Destruction Procedures
Photolysis in the Presence of Titanium Dioxide
Photolysis in the Presence of Zinc Oxide
Ozonation
Photolysis with Hydrogen Peroxide
Photo-Fenton Reaction
Fenton Reaction
Photolysis Using a Photo-Activator
Degradation Using Horseradish Peroxidase
Degradation Using Miscellaneous Oxidants
References
Analytical Procedures, Mutagenicity Assays, and Related Compounds
Mutagenicity Assays
Related Compounds
References
Ethidium Bromide
Principles of Destruction and Decontamination
Destruction and Decontamination Procedures
Destruction of Ethidium Bromide in Aqueous Solution
Decontamination of Ethidium Bromide in Aqueous Solution
Decontamination of Equipment Contaminated with Ethidium Bromide
Decontamination of Ethidium Bromide in Isopropanol Saturated With Cesium Chloride
Decontamination of Ethidium Bromide in Isoamyl Alcohol and 1-Butanol
Buffer Solutions
Analytical Procedures
Mutagenicity Assays
Related Compounds
Alternatives
References
Haloethers
Principles of Destruction
Destruction Procedures
Destruction of Bulk Quantities of CMME and BCME
Destruction of CMME and BCME in Methanol, Ethanol, Dimethyl Sulfoxide, N,N-Dimethylformamide, and Acetone
Destruction of CMME and BCME in Pentane, Hexane, Heptane, and Cyclohexane
Decontamination of Glassware and Other Equipment
Decontamination of Laboratory Clothing
Decontamination of Spills
Analytical Procedures
Mutagenicity Assays
Related Compounds
References
Halogenated Compounds
Principles of Destruction
Destruction Procedures
Destruction With Ni–Al Alloy (Not for 2-Fluoroethanol, 1-Bromononane, 1-Bromodecane, 1-Chlorodecane, and 1-Chlorobutane)
Destruction With Ethanolic Potassium Hydroxide (Not for 2-Chloroethylamine, 2-Bromoethylamine, 2,2,2-Trichloroacetic Acid, 3-Chloropyridine, Fluorobenzene, Chlorobenzene, Bromobenzene, Iodobenzene, alpha, alpha-Dichlorotoluene, 4-Fluoroaniline, 4-Fluoronitrobenzene, the Chloroanilines, the Chloronitrobenzenes, or 3-Aminobenzotrifluoride)
Summary of Destruction Procedures
Destruction Using Mechanochemical Processes
Destruction Using Reductive Methods
Destruction Using Persulfate
Destruction Using the Fenton Reaction
Destruction Using the Photo-Fenton Reaction
Destruction Using UV Light
Analytical Procedures
Mutagenicity Assays
Related Compounds
References
Halogens
Principle of Destruction
Destruction Procedure
Analytical Procedure
Related Compounds and Related Procedures
References
Heavy Metals
Principles of Decontamination
Decontamination Procedures
Analytical Procedures
Related Compounds and Related Procedures
References
Hexamethylphosphoramide
Principle of Destruction
Destruction Procedure
Analytical Procedures
Mutagenicity Assays
References
Hydrazines
Principles of Destruction
Destruction Procedures
Destruction of Bulk Quantities of Hydrazines
Destruction of Hydrazines in Aqueous Solution
Destruction of Hydrazines in Organic Solvents Not Miscible With Water (e.g., Dichloromethane)
Destruction of Hydrazines in Alcohols
Destruction of Hydrazines in Dimethyl Sulfoxide
Destruction of Hydrazines in Olive Oil and Mineral Oil
Destruction of Hydrazines in Agar Gel
Dealing with Spills of Hydrazines
Decontamination of Equipment Contaminated With Hydrazines
Assay of Sodium Hypochlorite Solution
Analytical Procedures
Mutagenicity Assays
Related Compounds
References
Hypochlorites
Principle of Destruction
Destruction Procedure
Analytical Procedure
Assay of Hypochlorites
References
Mercury
Principles of Decontamination
Decontamination Procedures
Analytical Procedures
Related Compounds
References
2-Methylaziridine
Principle of Destruction
Destruction Procedure
Analytical Procedures
Mutagenicity Assays
Related Compounds
References
1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)
Principles of Destruction
Destruction Procedures
Destruction of Bulk Quantities
Destruction of MPTP in Aqueous Solution
Destruction of MPTP in Ethanol, Methanol, Dimethyl Sulfoxide, and Acetone
Destruction of MPTP in Acetonitrile: Aqueous Buffer High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Eluant
Preparation of MPTP Tartrate
Analytical Procedures
Mutagenicity Assays
Related Compounds
References
Microcystins
Principles of Destruction
Destruction Procedures
Inactivation Using Light
Inactivation Using Other Procedures
Analytical Procedures
Related Compounds and Related Procedures
Assay of Sodium Hypochlorite Solution
References
4-Nitrobiphenyl
Principle of Destruction
Destruction Procedure
Analytical Procedures
Mutagenicity Assays
References
3-Nitrofluoranthene and 3-Aminofluoranthene
Principles of Destruction
Destruction Procedures
Destruction of 3-Nitrofluoranthene
Destruction of 3-Aminofluoranthene
Analytical Procedures
Related Compounds
References
Nitrogen Tetroxide
Principle of Destruction
Destruction of Nitrogen Tetroxide
References
N-Nitroso Compounds: Nitrosamides
Principles of Destruction
Destruction Procedures
Destruction of Bulk Quantities of Nitrosamides
Destruction of Nitrosamides in Methanol
Destruction of Nitrosamides in Ethanol
Destruction of Nitrosamides in Dimethyl Sulfoxide
Destruction of Nitrosamides in Acetone
Destruction of Nitrosamides in Water
Destruction of Nitrosamides in Ethyl Acetate
Decontamination of Glassware
Treatment of Spills
Analytical Procedures
Reagents
Mutagenicity Assays
Related Compounds
References
N-Nitroso Compounds: Nitrosamines
Principles of Destruction
Destruction Procedures
Destruction of Bulk Quantities of Nitrosamines
Destruction of Nitrosamines in Aqueous Solution
Destruction of Nitrosamines in Aprotic Organic Solvents (e.g., Dichloromethane)
Destruction of Nitrosamines in Alcohols
Destruction of Nitrosamines in Dimethyl Sulfoxide
Destruction of Nitrosamines in Olive Oil and Mineral Oil
Destruction of Nitrosamines in Agar Gel
Dealing with Spills of Nitrosamines
Decontamination of Equipment Contaminated with Nitrosamines
Decontamination of Aqueous Solutions
Destruction Using Photolytic Methods
Destruction Using Ozone
Destruction Using Iron with Nickel Hydroxide Catalyst
Analytical Procedures
Mutagenicity Assays
Related Compounds
References
Ochratoxin A
Principle of Destruction
Destruction Procedures
Destruction of Bulk Quantities of Ochratoxin A
Destruction of Ochratoxin A in Aqueous Solution
Destruction of Ochratoxin A in Volatile Organic Solvents
Destruction of Ochratoxin A in Dimethyl Sulfoxide or N,N-Dimethylformamide
Destruction of Ochratoxin A in Aqueous Solution
Decontamination of Glassware
Decontamination of Protective Clothing
Decontamination of Spills
Decontamination of Thin-Layer Chromatography Plates
Analytical Procedures
Mutagenicity Assays
Related Compounds
Assay of Sodium Hypochlorite Solution
References
Okadaic Acid
Principle of Destruction
Destruction Procedure
Analytical Procedures
Related Compounds
References
Organic nitriles
Principle of Destruction
Destruction Procedure
Analytical Procedures
Related Compounds
References
Osmium tetroxide
Principle of Decontamination
Disposal Procedures
Bulk Quantities and Residues in Containers
Aqueous Solutions (2%)
Spills
Analytical Procedures
Related Compounds and Related Procedures
References
Palytoxin
Principle of Destruction
Destruction Procedures
Inactivation Using Sodium Hypochlorite
Inactivation Using Sodium Hypochlorite and Sodium Hydroxide
Analytical Procedures
Assay of Sodium Hypochlorite Solution
References
Patulin
Principles of Destruction
Destruction Procedures
Destruction of Bulk Quantities of Patulin
Destruction of Patulin in Aqueous Solution
Destruction of Patulin in Volatile Organic Solvents
Destruction of Patulin with Ozone
Decontamination of Animal Litter
Decontamination of Glassware
Decontamination of Spills
Analytical Procedures
Mutagenicity Assays
Related Compounds
References
Peracids
Destruction Procedure
Related Compounds
References
Perchlorates
Principles of Destruction and Decontamination
Destruction Procedures
Destruction Using Fe(0)
Destruction Using Ti(III)
Decontamination Procedure
Analytical Procedures
Related Compounds and Procedures
References
Peroxides and Hydroperoxides
Principles of Destruction
Destruction Procedures
Hydrogen Peroxide
tert-Butyl Hydroperoxide
Sodium Peroxide
Diacyl Peroxides
Analytical Procedures
References
Phenol
Principles of Decontamination
Decontamination Procedures
Related Compounds and Related Procedures
References
Phosgene
Principle of Destruction
Destruction of Phosgene in Toluene Solution
Destruction of Gaseous Phosgene
Destruction of Triphosgene
Analytical Procedure
Related Compounds
References
Phosphorus and Phosphorus Pentoxide
Principles of Destruction
Destruction Procedures
White Phosphorus
Red Phosphorus
Phosphorus Pentoxide
Assay of Sodium Hypochlorite Solution
References
Picric Acid
Principles of Destruction
Destruction Procedures
Destruction of Bulk Quantities
Decontamination of Dilute Aqueous Solutions
Analytical Procedures
References
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Principles of Destruction
Destruction Procedures
Destruction of Bulk Quantities of PAH
Destruction of PAH in Organic Solvents (Except DMSO and DMF)
Destruction of PAH in N,N-Dimethylformamide
Destruction of PAH in Dimethyl Sulfoxide
Destruction of PAH in Water
Destruction of PAH in Oil
Destruction of PAH in Agar
Decontamination of Glassware Contaminated With PAH
Treatment of Spills Involving PAH
Photocatalytic Destruction of BA
Analytical Procedures
Mutagenicity Assays
Related Compounds
References
Polycyclic Heterocyclic Hydrocarbons
Principles of Destruction
Destruction Procedures
Destruction of Bulk Quantities of PHH
Destruction of PHH in Organic Solvents (Except DMSO and DMF)
Destruction of PHH in DMSO
Destruction of PHH in DMF
Destruction of PHH in Water
Decontamination of Glassware Contaminated With PHH
Treatment of Spills Involving PHH
Analytical Procedures
Mutagenicity Assays
Related Compounds
References
Potassium Permanganate
Principle of Destruction
Destruction Procedure
Analytical Procedures
References
β-Propiolactone
Principle of Destruction
Destruction Procedure
Analytical Procedures
Mutagenicity Assays
Related Compounds
References
Protease Inhibitors
Principle of Destruction
Destruction Procedures
Destruction of TLCK and TPCK in Buffer
Destruction of Stock Solutions of TLCK in Water
Destruction of Stock Solutions of TLCK in DMSO
Destruction of Bulk Quantities of TLCK
Destruction of Stock Solutions of TPCK in Isopropanol or DMSO
Destruction of Bulk Quantities of TPCK
Analytical Procedures
Mutagenicity Assays
Related Compounds
References
Ricin
Principles of Destruction
Destruction Procedures
Inactivation by Heat
Inactivation Using Sodium Hypochlorite
Inactivation Using Sodium Hypochlorite and Sodium Hydroxide
Analytical Procedures
Assay of Sodium Hypochlorite Solution
References
Saxitoxin
Principles of Destruction
Destruction Procedures
Inactivation Using Sodium Hypochlorite
Inactivation Using Sodium Hypochlorite and Sodium Hydroxide
Analytical Procedures
Assay of Sodium Hypochlorite Solution
Related Compounds
References
Selenium Compounds
Principles of Decontamination
Decontamination Procedures
Analytical Methods
References
Sodium Amide
Destruction Procedure
Related Compounds
References
Sterigmatocystin
Principles of Destruction
Destruction Procedures
Destruction of Bulk Quantities of Sterigmatocystin
Destruction of Sterigmatocystin in Aqueous Solution
Destruction of Sterigmatocystin in Volatile Organic Solvents
Destruction of Sterigmatocystin in Dimethyl Sulfoxide or N,N-Dimethylformamide
Decontamination of Glassware
Decontamination of Protective Clothing
Decontamination of Spills
Decontamination of Thin-Layer Chromatography Plates
Analytical Procedures
Mutagenicity Assays
Related Compounds
Assay of Sodium Hypochlorite Solution
References
Sulfonyl Fluoride Enzyme Inhibitors
Principle of Destruction
Destruction Procedures
Destruction of PMSF, AEBSF, or APMSF in Buffer
Destruction of PMSF in Isopropanol or Dimethyl Sulfoxide
Destruction of AEBSF in Isopropanol or Dimethyl Sulfoxide
Destruction of APMSF in 1:1 Isopropanol:pH 3 Buffer or Dimethyl Sulfoxide
Destruction of Bulk Quantities of PMSF
Destruction of Bulk Quantities of AEBSF
Destruction of Bulk Quantities of APMSF
Analytical Procedures
Mutagenicity Assays
Related Compounds
References
Sulfur-Containing Compounds
Principle of Destruction
Destruction Procedures
Destruction of Methyl Disulfide, Carbon Disulfide, Thiophenol, and Sodium Sulfide
Destruction of Ethyl Disulfide, Butyl Disulfide, Ethanethiol, and 1-Butanethiol
Destruction Using Ozone
Destruction Using the Photo-Fenton Reaction
Assay of Sodium Hypochlorite Solution
Analytical Procedures
Related Compounds and Related Procedures
References
T-2 Toxin and Other Tricothecenes
Principles of Destruction
Destruction Procedures
Analytical Procedures
Assay of Sodium Hypochlorite Solution
Preparation of Chlorine Dioxide
Related Compounds
References
Tetrodotoxin
Principles of Destruction
Destruction Procedures
Inactivation Using Sodium Hypochlorite
Inactivation Using Sodium Hypochlorite and Sodium Hydroxide
Analytical Procedures
Assay of Sodium Hypochlorite Solution
References
Triacetone Triperoxide
Principles of Destruction and Decontamination
Destruction Procedures
Destruction Using Tin(II) Chloride
Destruction Using Methanesulfonic Acid
Analytical Procedures
Related Compounds
References
Uranyl Compounds
Principle of Decontamination
Decontamination Procedures
Analytical Procedures
Related Compounds and Related Procedures
References
DESTRUCTION OF PHARMACEUTICALS
General Considerations
Toxicity of Degradants
Drug Stability
Handling Hazardous Drugs
Cleaning Processes
Wiping Procedures
FDA Disposal Recommendations
Environmental Concerns
Organization
References
Potassium Permanganate
Principles of Destruction
Destruction Procedures
Destruction of Bleomycin, Etoposide, and Teniposide in Injectable Solutions
Destruction of Bulk Quantities of Doxorubicin and Daunorubicin
Destruction of Aqueous Solutions of Doxorubicin and Daunorubicin
Destruction of Solid Pharmaceutical Preparations of Doxorubicin and Daunorubicin
Destruction of Liquid Pharmaceutical Preparations of Doxorubicin and Daunorubicin
Destruction of Solutions of Doxorubicin and Daunorubicin in Volatile Organic Solvents
Destruction of Dimethyl Sulfoxide Solutions of Doxorubicin and Daunorubicin
Decontamination of Glassware Contaminated with Doxorubicin or Daunorubicin
Decontamination of Spills of Doxorubicin or Daunorubicin
Destruction of Bulk Quantities of Melphalan
Destruction of Cyclophosphamide in Urine
Destruction of Cycloserine
Destruction of Bulk Quantities of Dichloromethotrexate, Vincristine Sulfate, and Vinblastine Sulfate
Destruction of Aqueous Solutions of Dichloromethotrexate, Vincristine Sulfate, and Vinblastine Sulfate
Destruction of Pharmaceutical Preparations of Vincristine Sulfate and Vinblastine Sulfate Containing 1 mg of Compound, 1.275 mg of Methyl p-Hydroxybenzoate, 1.225 mg of Propyl p-Hydroxybenzoate, and 100 mg of Mannitol
Destruction of Injectable Pharmaceutical Preparations of Dichloromethotrexate Containing 2–5% Glucose and 0.45% Saline
Destruction of Solutions of Dichloromethotrexate, Vincristine Sulfate, and Vinblastine Sulfate in Volatile Organic Solvents
Destruction of Dimethyl Sulfoxide or N,N-Dimethylformamide Solutions of Dichloromethotrexate, Vincristine Sulfate, and Vinblastine Sulfate
Decontamination of Glassware Contaminated with Dichloromethotrexate, Vincristine Sulfate, and Vinblastine Sulfate
Decontamination of Spills of Vincristine Sulfate and Vinblastine Sulfate
Decontamination of Spills of Dichloromethotrexate
Destruction of Procarbazine
Destruction of Bulk Quantities of Methotrexate
Destruction of Aqueous Solutions of Methotrexate
Destruction of Injectable Pharmaceutical Preparations of Methotrexate Containing 2–5% Glucose and 0.45% Saline
Destruction of Solutions of Methotrexate in Volatile Organic Solvents
Destruction of Dimethyl Sulfoxide or N,N-Dimethylformamide Solutions of Methotrexate
Decontamination of Glassware Contaminated with Methotrexate
Decontamination of Spills of Methotrexate
Destruction of Mitomycin C in Aqueous Solution
Destruction of Bulk Quantities of 6-Thioguanine and 6-Mercaptopurine
Destruction of Aqueous Solutions of 6-Thioguanine and 6-Mercaptopurine
Destruction of Pharmaceutical Preparations of 6-Thioguanine and 6-Mercaptopurine
Destruction of Solutions of 6-Thioguanine and 6-Mercaptopurine in Volatile Organic Solvents
Destruction of Dimethyl Sulfoxide or N,N-Dimethylformamide Solutions of 6-Thioguanine and 6-Mercaptopurine
Decontamination of Glassware Contaminated with 6-Thioguanine and 6-Mercaptopurine
Decontamination of Spills of 6-Thioguanine and 6-Mercaptopurine
Analytical Procedures
Related Compounds
Mutagenicity Assays
References
Nickel–Aluminum Alloy Reduction
Principles of Destruction
Destruction Procedures
Destruction of Bulk Quantities of Chorozotocin, Lomustine, Melphalan, PCNU, Semustine, Spirohydantoin Mustard, and Uracil Mustard
Destruction of Bulk Quantities of Mechlorethamine, Chlorambucil, Cyclophosphamide, Ifosfamide, Dacarbazine, Iproniazid, Isoniazid, and Procarbazine
Destruction of Pharmaceutical Preparations of Mechlorethamine, Melphalan, Cyclophosphamide, and Chlorambucil
Destruction of Cyclophosphamide Tablets
Destruction of Bulk Quantities of Carmustine
Destruction of Pharmaceutical Preparations of Carmustine, Lomustine, and chlorozotocin
Analytical Procedures
Mutagenicity Assays
Related Compounds
References
Fenton Reaction
Principles of Destruction
Destruction Procedures
Related Compounds
References
Hydrogen Peroxide
Principles of Destruction
Destruction Procedures
Destruction of Pharmaceuticals Using Hydrogen Peroxide
Related Compounds
Mutagenicity Assays
References
Ozone
Principles of Destruction
Destruction Procedures
Related Compounds
References
Ferrate
References
Persulfate
Principles of Destruction
References
Hydrogen Peroxide and Horseradish Peroxidase
Principles of Destruction
Destruction Procedures
Destruction of Estrone, Estradiol, Estriol, or Ethinyl Estradiol
Destruction of Tetracycline
Related Compounds
References
Specific Degradation Procedures for ß-Lactams
Principles of Destruction
Destruction Procedure
Related Compounds
References
Decontamination of Aqueous Solutions
Principles of Destruction
Decontamination of Aqueous Solutions of Pharmaceuticals Using Amberlite XAD-16
Decontamination of Aqueous Solutions of Pharmaceuticals Using Amberlite XAD-4/1090
Related Compounds
References
Miscellaneous Chemical Degradation Procedures
Principles of Destruction
Destruction Procedures
Destruction of Mechlorethamine and Chlorambucil
Destruction of Streptozocin
Destruction of Procarbazine
Destruction of Aqueous Solutions of Methotrexate
Decontamination of Spills of Methotrexate
Destruction of Bulk Quantities of Cisplatin
Destruction of Cisplatin in Aqueous Solutions and Injectable Pharmaceutical Preparations of 5% Dextrose or 0.9% Saline
Destruction of Cisplatin in Organic Solvents Miscible with Water
Destruction of Cisplatin in Urine
Decontamination of Glassware Contaminated with Cisplatin
Decontamination of Spills of Cisplatin
Analytical Procedures for the Methods Described Above
Other Miscellaneous Procedures
Mutagenicity Assays
Related Compounds
References
General Considerations for Photolytic Procedures
General Organization
References
Photolysis Without Added Reactants (UV Only)
Principles of Destruction
Destruction Procedures
Destruction Using Photolysis
Photolysis of Concentrated Solutions of Dacarbazine
Other Photolytic Destruction Reactions
Related Reactions
Mutagenicity Assays
References
Photolysis with Hydrogen Peroxide (UV/H2O2)
Principles of Destruction
Destruction Procedures
Destruction Using Photolysis
Photolysis of Concentrated Solutions of Dacarbazine
Other Photolytic Destruction Reactions
Related Reactions
Mutagenicity Assays
References
Photo-Fenton Reaction
Principles of Destruction
Destruction Procedures
Related Compounds
References
Photolysis with Titanium Dioxide (UV/TiO2)
Principles of Destruction
Destruction Procedures
Related Reactions
References
Photolysis with Zinc Oxide (UV/ZnO)
Principles of Destruction
Related Reactions
References
Photolysis with Ozone (UV/O3)
Principles of Destruction
Destruction Procedures
Related Compounds
References
Photolysis with Persulfate (UV/Persulfate)
Principles of Destruction
Destruction Procedures
Related reactions
References
Photolysis with Chlorine (UV/Cl2)
Principles of Destruction
Related Reactions
References
Miscellaneous Photolytic Procedures (UV/Miscellaneous)
Principles of Destruction
Related Reactions
References
PROCEDURES CLASSIFIED BY METHOD
General Considerations
References
Potassium Permanganate
Recommended Potassium Permanganate General Degradation Procedures
Potassium Permanganate in 3 M Sulfuric Acid
Potassium Permanganate in 1 M Sodium Hydroxide Solution
Aqueous Solution of Potassium Permanganate
Other Permanganate Oxidation Procedures
References
Fenton Reaction
References
Ozone
References
Persulfate
Principles of Destruction
References
Miscellaneous Procedures
References
Photolysis Without Added Reactants (UV only)
References
Photolysis with Hydrogen Peroxide (UV/H2O2)
References
Photo-Fenton Reaction
References
Photolysis with Titanium Dioxide (UV/TiO2)
References
Photolysis with Zinc Oxide (UV/ZnO)}
References
Photolysis with Ozone (UV/O3)
References
Photolysis with Persulfate (UV/Persulfate)
References
Photolysis with Chlorine (UV/Cl2)}
References
Biologicals
Bacteria
Other Pathogens
APPENDIXES
Appendix I
Procedures for Drying Organic Solvents
References
Appendix II
Safety Considerations With Potassium Permanganate
Reactions
Reactions Involving 3 M Sulfuric Acid
Reactions Involving 1 M Sodium Hydroxide and Water
Conclusions
Recommended Degradation Procedures
Potassium Permanganate in 3 M Sulfuric Acid
Potassium Permanganate in 1 M Sodium Hydroxide Solution
Aqueous Solution of Potassium Permanganate
References
CROSS-INDEX OF NAMES FOR DYES AND BIOLOGICAL STAINS
CROSS-INDEX OF METHODS USED FOR SPECIFIC DYES AND BIOLOGICAL STAINS
CROSS-INDEX OF METHODS USED FOR PHARMACEUTICALS
Name Index
EULA
