This book presents a practical design method for cellular systems, focusing on antenna design and propagation in different scenarios, with particular emphasis on base station (BS) and mobile terminals. Written by an expert in antenna measurement for mobile systems, the book fully details the fundamentals of and design considerations for both antennas and propagation, which is not commonly found together in one resource. The book helps you understand the practical design procedures of mobile communication antenna systems based on the propagation estimation by measurements and simulation. You will learn all the required knowledge and background for the research and development of current and future systems, and a host of other essential considerations and conditions pertaining to antenna and propagation. This is an excellent book for engineers working for cellar system operators, engineers working for manufacturing companies of smart phones and base station systems, and graduate students majoring antennas and propagation.
Author(s): Hiroyuki Arai
Publisher: Artech House
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 326
City: Boston
DESIGN AND MEASUREMENTOF ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATIONIN MOBILE CELLULAR SYSTEMS
CONTENTS
PREFACE
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
1
BASIC THEORY OF ANTENNAS
1.1 MAXWELL’S EQUATIONS AND THEIR SOLUTIONS
1.2 RADIATION FROM AN INFINITESIMAL CURRENT ELEMENT
1.3 RADIATION FROM INFINITESIMAL MAGNETIC CURRENT
ELEMENT
1.4 RADIATION FROM DIPOLE ANTENNA
1.5 BASIC ANTENNA ELEMENTS
1.6 ANTENNA GAIN
1.7 ANTENNA PARAMETERS
1.7.1 Impedance Matching
1.7.2 Radiation Resistance and Input Impedance
1.7.3 Antenna Effective Length and Area
1.7.4 Cross Sectional Area and Antenna Gain
1.8 ARRAY ANTENNA
1.8.1 Linear Array Antenna
1.9 MUTUAL COUPLING
References
2 BASIC THEORY OF ELECTROMAGNETIC
WAVE PROPAGATION
2.1 CLASSIFICATION OF PROPAGATION PATHS
2.2 PROPAGATION LOSS IN FREE SPACE
2.3 REFLECTION AND TRANSMISSION AT THE BOUNDARY
2.4 OBLIQUE INCIDENCE
2.5 EFFECT OF GROUND REFLECTION
2.6 KNIFE-EDGE DIFFRACTION
2.7 FRESNEL ZONE
2.8 FADING STRUCTURE
2.9 DIVERSITY RECEPTION
2.10 DELAY PROFILE
2.11 ANGULAR PROFILE
References
3 FUNDAMENTALS OF ANTENNAS AND
PROPAGATION MEASUREMENT
3.1 IMPEDANCE MEASUREMENT
3.1.1 Reflection Coefficient
3.1.2 Smith Chart
3.1.3 S-Parameter Measurement
3.1.4 Balanced and Unbalanced Feeding Lines
3.2 MEASUREMENT OF THE ANTENNA-RADIATION PATTERN
3.2.1 Far, Fresnel, and Near Fields in Antenna Measurements
3.2.2 Far-Field Measurements in Anechoic Chamber
3.2.3 Near-Field Measurements
3.3 PROPAGATION MEASUREMENT
3.3.1 Propagation Loss Measurement
3.3.2 Cross Polarization and Correlation Coefficient
3.3.3 Delay Profile Measurement
References
4
ANTENNA ELEMENT AND ARRAY
4.1 ANTENNA ELEMENTS OF THE BASE STATION
4.1.1 Dipole Antenna
4.1.2 Microstrip Antenna
4.1.3 Multiband Dipole and Microstrip Antenna Elements
4.2 ARRAY ANTENNAS
4.2.1 Colinear Array
4.2.2 Linear Array
4.2.3 Antenna Pattern Synthesis
4.3 ANTENNA ELEMENTS OF THE MOBILE TERMINAL
4.3.1 Monopole on a Finite Ground Plane
4.3.2 Inverted-F Shaped Antenna
4.3.3 Electrically Small Antenna
4.3.4 Theory of Electrically Small Antennas
References
5 DESIGN OF BASE STATION ANTENNAS
5.1 CATEGORIES OF BASE STATIONS
5.1.1 Circular Coverage Antennas
5.1.2 Sector Antennas
5.1.3 Other Pattern Shapes for Coverage Areas
5.2 DESIGN OF BS ANTENNAS
5.2.1 Antenna Configuration of BS Antennas
5.2.2 Components of BS Antennas
5.2.3 Design of Array Pattern
5.3 DIVERSITY AND MIMO ANTENNA
5.3.1 Antenna Pattern Correlation
5.3.2 Butler Matrix and Multibeam
5.3.3 Active Integrated Antenna
References
6 DESIGN OF MOBILE TERMINAL
ANTENNAS
6.1 BUILT-IN ANTENNA
6.1.1 Antenna Location and the Effect of the Chassis
6.1.2 Antenna Elements
6.1.3 Matching Circuit
6.2 MULTIANTENNA SYSTEM
6.2.1 Chassis Mode
6.2.2 Antenna Position and Mutual Coupling
6.2.3 Decoupling Method
6.3 BODY EFFECT
6.3.1 Numerical Phantom
6.3.2 Phantom in Measurement
6.3.3 Body Effect
References
7 MEASUREMENT OF BASE STATION AND MOBILE
TERMINAL ANTENNAS
7.1 BASE STATION ANTENNA MEASUREMENTS
7.1.1 Antenna Pattern Measurements in Open Sites
7.1.2 Near-Field and Very-Near-Field Measurements
7.1.3 Passive Intermodulation
7.2 MOBILE TERMINAL MEASUREMENT
7.2.1 Measurement Parameters
7.2.2 OTA Measurement
7.2.3 MIMO Performance Measurement
7.3 EMC AND SAR/PD MEASUREMENT
7.3.1 Open Site EMI Measurement
7.3.2 Reverberating Enclosure Measurement
7.3.3 SAR/PD Measurement
References
8 PROPAGATION ESTIMATION AND EMULATION
OF FADING
8.1 PREDICTION OF PROPAGATION LOSSES IN CELLULAR SYSTEM
8.1.1 The Okumura-Hata Model
8.1.2 Physical Model
8.1.3 Standardization of Loss Predictions
8.2 RAY-TRACING METHODS
8.2.1 The FDTD Method and the Ray-Tracing Method
8.2.2 Basis of the Ray-Tracing Method
8.2.3 Image and Ray-Launching Methods
8.2.4 Examples of Ray-Tracing Simulations
8.3 MULTIPATH FADING EMULATION
8.3.1 Fading Simulator
8.3.2 Delay Spread Simulation
8.3.3 Fading-Field Simulator
References
9
ANTENNA AND CHANNEL CAPACITY
9.1 CHANNEL CAPACITY OF SISO AND MIMO
9.1.1 System Model of MIMO
9.1.2 Channel Capacity Under Rayleigh Environment
9.1.3 Channel Capacity Under Nakagami-Rice Environment
9.2 BS ANTENNA DESIGN AND CHANNEL CAPACITY
9.2.1 BS Near Walls
9.2.2 BS at the Ceiling
9.2.3 BS in Open Site
9.3 TERMINAL ANTENNA DESIGN AND CHANNEL CAPACITY
9.3.1 Mutual Coupling and Radiation Efficiency
9.3.2 Channel Capacity Estimation of MT Antennas
9.3.3 Channel Capacity of MT Antennas
References
10 PROPAGATION MEASUREMENTS
10.1 PROPAGATION-LOSS AND DELAY-PROFILE MEASUREMENTS
10.1.1 Measurement System
10.1.2 Delay-Profile Measurement
10.1.3 Examples of Propagation Measurement
10.2 LINK BUDGET
10.3 INDOOR SIMULATOR MEASUREMENT
10.3.1 Fading Emulation
10.3.2 MIMO Emulation
References
11 ANTENNA AND PROPAGATION CHALLENGES IN
FUTURE MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
11.1 OVERVIEW OF BEYOND 5G SYSTEM
11.2 CHANNEL CAPACITY AND LINK BUDGET ESTIMATIONS
11.3 OPTICAL WIRELESS COMMUNICATION
References
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
INDEX
