This book contributes as a rich source of information on the synthesis, main properties, toxicity and applications of Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs). It covers the viable and sustainable use of these special solvents that due to the versatility of the preparation can be tuned for specific applications. Both hydrophilic and hydrophobic DESs are covered over the chapters. The book covers, in addition to the fundamentals of DESs, their use in extraction processes, in the pre-treatment of biomass, as solvents for catalytic processes and in processes for carbon dioxide capture, among others. The purpose of the book is it can reach a wide audience, so it can serve both as a reference for experienced professionals and to students interested in the field. In this sense, the book contributes to the state of the art in the application of DESs and addresses the challenges that must be faced for the industrial application of these special solvents.
Author(s): Everaldo Silvino dos Santos, Carlos Eduardo de Araújo Padilha, Francisco Canindé de Sousa Júnior, Nathália Saraiva Rios
Series: Chemistry Research and Applications
Publisher: Nova Science Publishers
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 298
City: New York
Cover
Title page
Copyright
Contents
Preface
Acknowledgments
Chapter 1
A Mini-Review of Deep Eutectic Solvents
Abstract
Introduction
Physicochemical Properties of the Deep Eutectic Solvent, DES
Phase Behaviour
Viscosity
Density
Surface Tension
Ionic Conductivity
Hydrogen Bonding
pH
Selected Applications of Deep Eutectic Solvents
DESs in Organic Chemistry
DESs in Electrodeposition
Gas Adsorption in DESs
DES in Desulfurization Mechanism
Biomass Processing
Toxicity of DESs
Conclusion
References
Chapter 2
Exploring the Role of Natural Deep
Eutectic Solvents (NADES) Towards the
Valorization of Food Processing Industry Waste
Abstract
Introduction
Valorization of Food By-Products
Bioactive Phytochemicals
Green Extraction Procedures and NADES as Extraction Solvents
Valorization of Agro-Based by-Products
Onion and Garlic-Based Waste
Olive Oil Processing Waste
Winemaking and Brewing Process Waste
Coffee and Cocoa-Process Waste
Fruit Processing Waste
Nut Processing Waste
Valorization of Marine and Animal Processing Waste
Bioactivity and Toxicity of NADES
In silico Tools for the Prediction of NADES Toxicity
Examples of NADES Products Launched in the Market
Future Perspectives
Conclusion
References
Chapter 3
Deep Eutectic Solvents and Their Role in Bioprocesses:
A Greener Pathway to Biotransformations
Abstract
Introduction
DES as Pretreatment Solvents
DES as Extraction Solvents
DES as Reaction Media and/or as Catalysts
Process Integration and Solvent Circularity
Scale-Up of DES-Based Processes – Is It Truly Feasible?
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 4
Use of Deep Eutectic Solvents in Samples Preparation
Abstract
Introduction
Sample Preparation: General Considerations
Use of Deep Eutectic Solvents in Sample Preparation
Deep Eutectic Solvents and Analytical Techniques: Factors that Influence the Robustness of the Analysis
Conclusion
References
Chapter 5
From Biocompatibility to Challenges: A Complete
View of Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES) Boosting
Extraction Processes
Abstract
Introduction
Phenolic Compounds
Carotenoids
Alkaloids
Proteins
DES Applicability for Extracting Different Classes of Biomolecules
Extraction of Phenolic Compounds
Extraction of Carotenoids
Extraction of Alkaloids
Extraction of Proteins
The Role of the DES on the Stability of the Extracted Compounds
Theoretical Models that can be Applied to Assist the Solvent Choice Previously to the Practical Approach
Perspective and Future Challenges Concerning DES-Based Extraction
Conclusion
References
Chapter 6
Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES) as the Extraction
Media for Antioxidants from Various Food Sources
Abstract
Introduction
Effects of DES Characteristics on Extraction Performance
Extraction of Antioxidants
Phenolic Acids and Flavonoids
Anthocyanins
Alkaloids
Pigment
Carotenoids
Conclusion
References
Chapter 7
Extraction of Carotenoids from Rhodotorula mucilaginosa
Using Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES) Focusing on
Cytotoxicity
Abstract
Introduction
Carotenoids: Chemical Aspect, Classification, Natural Occurrence, and Biosynthesis by Yeasts
Recovery of Oleaginous Biomolecules from Microorganisms: Solid-Liquid Extraction and Main Alternatives
Use of DES to Enhance the Carotenoids Recovery from Rhodotorula Genus Yeast Cells
Antioxidant Activity and Cytotoxicity of Eutectic Extract Obtained from Rhodotorula mucilaginosa DES Treatment
Future Perspectives
Conclusion
References
Chapter 8
Use of Deep Eutectic Solvents for the Recovery of
Carotenoids from Microalgal Biomass
Abstract
Introduction
Overview
A Brief Review on Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs)
Microalgae
Carotenoids from Microalgae
Carotenoid Extraction
Pretreatment
Use of DES: Extraction Process
DES as Pretreatment Step
DES as Extractive Solvent
Conclusion
References
Chapter 9
Biocompounds Obtained by Using Eutectic
Solvents as an Extractor
Abstract
Introduction
Literature Review
Method
Preparation of NADES
Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Disposal Material Using NADES
Experimental Design and Statistical Analysis
Antioxidant Activity Assays
Results and Discussion
Physicochemical Characteristics of NADES for Biocompounds Extraction
Antioxidant Activity
Final Considerations
Conclusion
References
Chapter 10
Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES) and Their Use in the Formation of Aqueous Biphasic Systems (ABS): From Fundamentals to Applications
Abstract
Introduction
Deep Eutectic Solvents and Their Use in The Formation of Aqueous Biphasic Systems
A Brief Literature Review
Thermodynamic Perspective
DES-Based ABS: Quaternary and Ternary-Like Systems
DES-Based ABS: Characterization of Phase Diagrams and Determination of Phases’ Composition
Mathematical Approach
Analytical Methods
Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA)
Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)
Ions’ Analysis
Thermodynamic Modeling
The Applicability of the DES-Based ABS and Future Challenges
Separation of Amino Acids, Phenolics, and Alkaloids
Extraction of Proteins
Dyes and Pigments’ Partition
Perspectives for the Application of DES-Based ABS
Conclusion
References
Chapter 11
Use of Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES)-Based Aqueous Two-Phase System for Recovery and Partial Purification of β-Galactosidase Produced by Kluyveromyces lactis
Abstract
Introduction
Brief Literature Review
β-Galactosidase Enzyme
β-Galactosidase from K. lactis
Purification
Aqueous Two-Phase Systems
Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs)
Method
Materials
Chemicals
Microorganism
β-Galactosidase Production
Methods
Extraction of Intracellular β-Galactosidase
Synthesis of DESs
Binodal Curve
Purification
Analytical Methods
Results and Discussion
Conclusion
References
Chapter 12
Deep Eutectic Solvents Based Aqueous
Two-Phase Systems: Progress and Challenges
Abstract
Introduction
DES for Separation Processes
DES-Based ATPS
HBA:HBD Complex in ATPS
Final Considerations
References
Chapter 13
Deep Eutectic Solvents for Carbon Capture
and Utilization: A Review
Abstract
Introduction
Deep Eutectic Solvents for CO2 Capture
General CO2 Capture Mechanisms
Physical Absorption of CO2
Chemical and Mixed Absorption of CO2
Additional Factors Influencing the Equilibrium and Kinetic of CO2 Absorption by DES
Comparison of CO2 Solubilities and Regeneration Heats
Deep Eutectic Solvents for CO2 Utilization
Application of DESs in the Synthesis of Carbonates from CO2 and Epoxides
Conclusion
References
Chapoter 14
Deep Eutectic Solvents as Versatile Media for the Electrochemical Synthesis of Electrocatalysts
Abstract
Introduction
Electrodeposition of Electrocatalytic Coatings Based on Noble Metals
Electrodeposition of Electrocatalytic Coatings Based on Iron, Nickel and Cobalt
Electrodeposition of Other Types of Electrocatalytic Coatings
Conclusion and Possible Directions of Future Research
References
Editors Contact Information
Index
