Cyanobacteria are a rich source of several novel metabolites having the potential for drug development. They are a promising bioresource for application in sustainable agriculture, medicine, and green nanotechnology. Certain natural compounds of cyanobacteria such as mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) and scytonemin, having UV-absorbing/screening and antioxidative properties, could be biotechnologically exploited by the pharmaceutical industries for the development of natural sunscreens as well as antiaging medicines. This book encompasses the most recent knowledge and modern trends in the field of cyanobacterial research and their impact on humans. It provides a guide for beginners as well as advanced researchers in the field of cyanobacterial study.
Author(s): Rajeshwar P. Sinha
Series: Bacteriology Research Developments
Publisher: Nova Science Publishers
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 299
City: New York
Contents
Preface
Chapter 1
Evolution and Ecological Significance of Cyanobacteria
Abstract
Introduction
The Modern Taxonomy- Beginning of a “Polyphasic Approach”
Potentials of Cyanobacteria in Agricultural and Environmental Sustainability
Cyanobacteria: A Potential Candidate for Green Nanotechnology
Mycosporine-Like Amino Acids in Marine Ecosystems
Potential Uses of MAAs and Scytonemin for Skin Care
Cyanobacterial Photopigments
Computational Analysis with Cyanobacterial Secondary Metabolites
Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 2
Cyanobacterial Life History
Abstract
Introduction
Origin of Cyanobacteria and Oxygenic Photosynthesis
Classification, Morphology and Division Pattern of Cyanobacteria
Cyanobacterial Ultrastructure
The Cyanobacterial Fossil Record
Eoentophysalis
Polybessurus
Eohyella
Cyanobacterial Molecular Fossils
Behavior and Paleoecology of Cyanobacteria
Isotopic Fractionation
Intracellular Biomineralization
Molecular Dating of Cyanobacteria
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 3
Cyanobacterial Ecology and Systematics: Introduction of a Polyphasic Approach in Cyanobacterial Taxonomy
Abstract
Introduction
Cyanobacterial Ecology and Diversity
Different Habitats of Cyanobacteria
Aquatic Cyanobacteria
Cyanobacteria in Mangrove Habitats
Cyanobacteria in Freshwater Conditions
Cyanobacteria in Symbiotic Associations
Terrestrial Cyanobacteria
Reasons for Cyanobacterial Diversity
Cyanobacteria Living in High-Temperature Habitats
Cyanobacteria Living in Low-Temperature Zones
Cyanobacteria Inhabiting High Saline Environment
Cyanobacteria Living under High Radiation
Development of Cyanobacterial Systematics and Taxonomy
Introduction to Modern Taxonomy- Beginning of a “Polyphasic Approach”
Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 4
Cyanobacteria: Role and Utilities in Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environmental Sustainability
Abstract
Introduction
Utilities of Cyanobacteria in the Agricultural Sector
Cyanobacteria as N2 –Fixers
Cyanobacteria as Biofertilizers
Cyanobacteria as Soil Enumerators
Cyanobacteria as Functional Foods
Cyanobacteria as Bio-Control Agents
Cyanobacterial Applications in Ecosystem Restoration
Role of Cyanobacteria in Bioremediation
Role of Cyanobacteria in Industrial Wastewater Treatment
Role of Cyanobacteria in the Removal of Dyes and Heavy Metals from Wastewaters
Role of Cyanobacteria in Degradation of Pesticides
Role of Cyanobacteria in Degradation of Crude Oil
Role of Cyanobacteria in Degradation of Plastics
Mass Cultivation of Cyanobacteria
Cultivation Requiring Sunlight in Open Systems
Cultivation Requires Sunlight in a Closed System
Cultivation Using Artificial Light
Role of Cyanobacteria in Production of Bioenergy
Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 5
Cyanobacteria as a Promising Bioresource for Applications in Sustainable Agriculture, Medicine, and Green Nanotechnology
Abstract
Introduction
Role of Cyanobacteria in Agriculture
Sustainable Agriculture
Plant Growth Promoters
Enhance Nutrients and Metabolites Availability in Soils
Reclaiming Usar (Unproductive) Soils
Bioremediation
Biocontrol Agents to Combat Biotic Stresses
Cyanobacterial Genes in Transgenics
Bioenergy
Role of Cyanobacteria in Medicine
Bioactive Compounds
Anticancer
Antidiabetic
Anti-Inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Effects
Antimicrobial Properties
Antibacterial
Antiviral
Anti-SARS-CoV-2
Antiprotozoal
Protease Inhibitors
Minerals and Vitamins
Ever Beneficial Bio-Economic Aspects of Cyanobacterial Products in Medicine
Cyanobacteria: A Potential Candidate for Green Nanotechnology
Cyanobacteria as “Biofactories” for Biosynthesis of Nanoparticles
Cyanobacteria-Based Biosynthesis of Nanoparticles
Intracellular Synthesis of Nanoparticles
Extracellular Synthesis of Nanoparticles
Applications of NPs Synthesized Using Cyanobacteria
Antitumor Activity
Antibacterial Activity
Antialgal Activity
Antifungal Activity
Antioxidative Activity
Application and Significance of Biosynthesized Nanoparticles in Agriculture
Miscellaneous Applications
Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 6
Mycosporine-Like Amino Acids: Multipurpose Stress-Relieving Secondary Metabolites in Marine Ecosystems
Abstract
Introduction
Mycosporine-Like Amino Acids (MAAs)
Biosynthesis of MAAs
MAAs - Relevance in Marine Ecosystems
MAAs in Marine Microorganisms
MAAs in Marine Macroalgae
MAAs in Coral Dinoflagellates
Functional Versatality of MAAs
MAAs as Photorotective Molecules
MAAs against Osmotic Stress
MAA as an Antioxidant
Other Miscellaneous Functions of MAA
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 7
Natural Compounds Derived from Cyanobacteria: Potential Benefits and Applicability to Skin-Care
Abstract
Introduction
MAAs
Cyanobacterial MAAs
Biosynthetic Pathway of Cyanobacterial MAAs and Its Regulation
Use of MAAs for Skin Care
UV-Screening Properties
Antioxidative Properties
Antiglycative Properties
Other Bioactivities
Industrial Production of MAAs
Scytonemin
Biosynthetic Pathway of Scytonemin and Its Regulation
Potential Uses of Scytonemin for Skin Care
Other Pigments
PBPs
Carotenoids
Enzymes
Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 8
Recent Advances in Cyanobacterial Photopigments and Their Role in Sustainable Development
Abstract
Introduction
Structure
Biosynthesis Mechanism
Applications
Nutraceuticals and Natural Food Colorants
Pharmaceuticals and Fluorescence Probes
Pharmaceutical Agents
Fluorescence Agents
Cosmetics
Bio-Medical Application
Anticancer
Anti-Inflammatory
Antioxidant
EmergingTechnology
Carotenoids
Structure
Synthesis
Orange Carotenoid Protein (OCP)
Applications of Carotenoids
The Most Important Carotenoids Used in Food, Feed and Cosmetics Industries
Astaxanthin
β-Carotene
Lutein
Lycopene
Zeaxanthin
Chlorophylls
Chlorophyll d
Chlorophyll f
Chlorophylls as Food Additive
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 9
Cyanobacteria for Novel Drug Development: A Computational Analysis
Abstract
Introduction
Pharmaceutical Potential of Cyanobacterial Secondary Metabolites
Anticancerous Activity
Antiviral Activity
Antibacterial Activity
Antiprotozoal Activity
Antifungal Activity
Certain Computational Analysis with CSM
Computer Aided Drug Designing (CADD)
Structure-Based Drug Design (SBDD)
Preparation of the Target Structure
Identification of the Ligand Binding Site
Compound Library Preparation
Molecular Docking and Scoring Functions
Molecular Dynamic (MD) Simulation
Ligand-Based Drug Design (LBDD)
Pharmacophore Modelling
Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships (QSARs)
Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Drug Discovery
Advantages of CADD
Limitations of CADD
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
About the Editor
Index
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