Written by a group of international experts, this book provides a comprehensive analysis of the main scientific and technological advances that ensure the continued functionality of cellulosic textile supports. It begins with a discussion on the chemical and physical structure of cotton and its different properties and provides a review of the main vancées regarding textile surface modification. The second chapter is devoted to the use of cotton supports in comfort, and more specifically the importance of the textile structure for the management of heat and mass transfers. These different concepts are discussed from the description of recent models applied in this field of expertise. The third chapter is dedicated to the fire retardant properties of textile substrates, with a more specific focus on textile finishing treatments to improve this type of surface functionality. Finally, the last chapter is oriented towards the chemical grafting of microcapsules from the DOPA, which currently constitutes a possible new application path in the textile field. This book covers a wide range of textile finishing treatments for cotton, allowing the reader to learn about new technologies in this field.
Author(s): Salaün Fabien
Publisher: Nova Science Publishers
Year: 2019
Language: English
Pages: 224
City: Hauppauge
Contents
Preface
Chapter 1
Recent Advances in Preparation, Modification and Functionalization of Cotton Fabric
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Morphology and Classification of the Fiber
2.1. Morphology of the Fiber
2.2. Classification of the Fiber
3. Cotton Fabric: Preparation, Functionalization and Modification
3.1. Cotton Fiber Transformation
3.1.1. Cultivating, Harvesting and Ginning Processes
3.1.2. Yarn Manufacturing
3.2. Fabric Manufacturing and Preparation
3.2.1. Sizing and Desizing
3.2.2. Scouring
3.2.3. Bleaching
3.2.4. Mercerization
3.3. Standard Test Methods for the Evaluation of Cotton Fabric Quality Preparation
3.4. Cotton Fabric Modification and Functionalization
3.4.1. Flame Retardant Synthesis for Cotton Fabric
3.4.2. Antibacterial Synthesis for Cotton Fabric
3.4.3. Water Repellent Synthesis for Cotton Fabric
3.4.3.1. Synthesis of Multifunctional Cotton Fabric
Conclusion
References
Chapter 2
A New Method for Measuring Water Vapour Transfers through Fabrics
Abstract
1. Comfort Generality
1.1. Physical Comfort: Human-Clothing-Environment
1.1.1. Conduction
1.1.2. Convection
1.1.3. Radiation
1.1.4. Respiration Losses
1.1.5. Evaporative Skin Heat Loss
1.1.6. Metabolism
1.1.7. Stored Heat
1.1.8. Heat Balance of the Two-Node Model
1.2. Physiological Comfort: Thermoregulation
1.2.1. Thermoreceptors and Nociceptors
1.2.2. Hypothalamus
1.2.3. Thermogenesis
1.2.4. Thermolysis
1.3. Psychological Comfort
1.3.1. Integration and Evaluation of Sensory Stimuli
1.3.2. Formulation of the Feeling
1.4. Influence of Physical and Physiological Factors
2. Comfort and Textile
2.1. Moisture Transfer
2.1.1. Diffusion
2.1.2. Capillarity
2.1.3. Evaporation-Condensation
2.1.4. Liquid Water Flow
2.2. Impact of Fibers on Thermal and Hydric Transfers
2.2.1. Static Hydric and Thermal Transfers
2.2.2. Dynamic Hydric and Thermal Transfers
2.2.2.1. Min’s Model
2.2.2.2. Fenghzi’s Model
2.2.2.3. Xu’s Model
3. Cotton Fiber
3.1. Cotton Structure
3.2. Hydric Behaviour of Cotton Fiber
3.2.1. Water Bonds
3.2.2. Isotherm of Sorption
3.2.3. Hysteresis
3.2.4. Diffusion Phenomenon
3.2.5. Influence of the Crystallinity Degree
3.2.6. Influence of Porosity
3.2.7. Influence of the Surface Area
3.3. Impact of Cotton on Comfort
3.3.1. Thermal Conductivity
3.3.2. Thermal Resistance
3.3.3. Thermal Absorptivity (or Effusivity)
3.3.4. Water Vapor Permeability
3.3.5. Moisture Management Propreties (MMT)
4. Measures of Water Vapour and Liquid Transfer on Textiles
4.1. Water Vapour Transfer
4.1.1. Dynamic Vapour Sorption Test
4.1.1.1. Description
4.1.1.2. Modelisation
4.1.1.3. DVS Results
4.1.2. Frame Test
4.1.2.1. Sweating Guarded Hot Plate (Skin Model)
4.1.2.2. Frame Design
4.1.2.3. Frame Instrumentation
4.1.2.4. Test Protocol
4.1.2.5. Frame Results
4.2. Liquid Transfer
4.2.1. Description
4.2.2. MMT Results
4.3. Conclusion
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 3
Advances in Phosphorus-Based Flame Retardant Cotton Fabrics
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Cotton as a Cellulose-Based Polymer
3. Mechanism of Combustion
3.1. Flammability of Cellulosic Textiles
3.2. Char Formation and Intumescence Behavior
4. Mechanism of Flame Retardancy
5. Chemistry of Flame Retardant Additives
5.1. Flame Retardants Based on Durability
5.2. Phosphorous-Based Flame Retardants
5.3. Inorganic Phosphorus
5.4. Organic Phosphorus
5.5. P-N Synergism
5.6. Other Flame Retardants Compounds
6. Novel Approaches
6.1. Sol-Gel Technique
6.2. Layer by Layer Assembly
Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 4
Functionalization of Cotton Fabrics by Cathechol Bound PCM-Microcapsules
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Preparation of Microcapsules
2.3. Textile Functionalization
2.3.1. Exhaustion Method for Fabric Functionalization with L-DOPA
2.3.2. Exhaustion Method for L-DOPA Fabric Functionalization with Microcapsules
2.3.3. Padding Method for Fabric Functionalization with L-DOPA
2.4. Analytical Methods
2.4.1. Microscopic Examinations
2.4.2. Surface Characterization of Fabrics
2.4.3. Color Measurement of Fabrics
2.4.4. Color Measurement of Aqueous Solutions
2.4.5. Durability/Fastness Tests
2.4.6. Durability/Fastness Tests
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Poly(DOPA) Formation
3.1.1. Poly(DOPA) Formation in Solutions
3.1.2. Poly(DOPA) Formation on Cotton Fabric Surface
3.2. Influence of Temperature and Time on L-DOPA Fabric Functionalization
3.3. Stability of the L-DOPA Treatment
3.4. Functionalization of Textile with Microcapsules by Bath Exhaustion Process
3.5. Functionalization of Textile with Microcapsules by Pad-Dry-Cure Process
Conclusion
References
Editor Contact Information
Index
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