Communicating Through a Pandemic: A Chronicle of Experiences, Lessons Learned, and a Vision for the Future

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Outbreaks, epidemics, and pandemics are nothing new. Over the last several decades, we have been through numerous―Zika, Ebola, H1N1. The COVID‐19 pandemic, however, has challenged us like never before. During this time, we have struggled to work remotely, to balance work and children’s school schedules, and to manage finances in the face of lost or furloughed jobs. We have worried about our loved ones getting sick and being able to support themselves, and we have faced the loneliness that comes with social distancing.

It has affected us individually and globally―but we have not all experienced this pandemic in exactly the same way. Some communities have been hit harder in terms of sickness and death rates from COVID‐19. Many have felt the economic pressures of the pandemic more acutely. Still others have struggled disproportionately with the mental health impacts. Context has mattered in this pandemic.

There is one common thread that runs through everything we have experienced though: the role that communication has played in managing this pandemic. Whether we are talking about communication about the virus and mitigation strategies, communication between friends and family, the urgent crisis resulting in mis- and dis-information, our complex and diffuse media environment, or new workplace communication strategies, communication has been front and center in this pandemic.

The role of communication has been integral to the success and failure of our ability to respond and adapt to and begin to recover from this pandemic―as individuals, collectively as communities, and as countries. As a result, issues such as preparedness, misinformation, literacy and comprehension of virus and vaccine science, health equity and mental health have all gained increased awareness during this time.

This book unpacks the many and varied roles that communication has played over the course of this pandemic, in order to help public health professionals, marketers and health communicators, and policymakers alike to understand what we have been through, what has worked well, and what we have struggled with. It will help us learn from our experiences, so we communicate through pandemics more successfully in the future.

Author(s): Amelia Burke-Garcia
Publisher: Routledge/Productivity Press
Year: 2023

Language: English
Pages: 216
City: New York

Cover
Endorsements
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Contents
Foreword
About the Author
Notes to the Reader
Chapter 1. Introduction—A.K.A. My Pandemic Story
The Struggle Has Been Real
Getting to the Heart of the Matter
COVID Has Amplified EVERYTHING: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly
But, How Are You Really?
Context Matters
So, What Comes Next?
Conclusion
Chapter 2. A Brief History of Pandemic Communication
Outbreaks. Epidemics. And Pandemics. Oh My!
Outbreaks, Defined
Epidemics, Defined
Pandemics, Defined
A Walk Down Pandemic Memory Lane
The 1918 Influenza Pandemic
The HIV/AIDS Pandemic
The 2009 H1N1 Pandemic
The 2014-2016 Ebola Pandemic
2015 Zika Virus Pandemic
Trends in Pandemic Communication Approaches over the Years
Use of Clear Communication Is Paramount
Frequent and Consistent Communication Is Key
A Robust Set ofTailored Resources That Can Be Used Across Multiple Dissemination Channels Is Needed
Conclusion
Chapter 3. Dimensions of Crisis and Emergency Response Communication
Some Definitions before We Get Started
Crisis Communication in the Private Sector
Johnson & Johnson
Pepsi Co.
American Red Cross
Kentucky Fried Chicken
But Infectious Disease Doesn't Taste Like Chicken
A Review of CDC's Crisis and Emergency Risk Communication Framework
The Role of Risk in Pandemic Communication
Risk Assessment in Today's Context
Conclusion
Chapter 4. Pandemic Communication in Our Current Media and Communication Environment
So What Is a Media and Communication Environment Anyway?
Oh, What a "Media" World We Live In
The Changing News Landscape
The Advent of the Internet and the Evolution of Digital, Social, and Mobile Technologies
Mis- and Disinformation and Our Current Communication Environment
Information Processing and the Role of Cognitive Bias in Misinformation Dissemination
The Role of Digital Algorithms in Mis- and Disinformation Dissemination
Conclusion
Chapter 5. Phases of Messaging
A Little Bit about COVID and the Scientific Process
Pre-pandemic Messaging about a New Virus
Moving into Quarantine
In Quarantine and Stay-At-Home Measures
To Wear a Mask or Not Wear a Mask
Phased Reopening
The Vaccine Roll Out
To Wear a Mask or Not Wear a Mask—Redux
Delta, Omicron, and Boosters, Oh My!
Conclusion
Chapter 6. Audience Group Experiences
Meet Issouf Mande
Meet Darlyne Dagrin
Meet Maggie Russell-Ciardi
Different Community Experiences in COVID
Older Adults
Caregivers
Parents and Families
Schools, Teachers, and Students
Essential and Frontline Workers
Undocumented Immigrants
Farm and Migrant Workers
Healthcare Workers
Refugees and Those Seeking Asylum
People Experiencing Homelessness
Justice-involved Individuals (Formerly "Incarcerated Persons")
Children, Youth, and Young Adults
The LGBTQIA Community
Conclusion
Chapter 7. Disparities Already Existed—The Pandemic Just Exacerbated Them
Meet Branda
COVID's Disproportionate Impact
We Didn't Get Here by Accident
It's Bigger Than COVID, Though
The Interplay between Social Conditions and Health—the Role of Social Determinants of Health
SDOH and COVID—the Perfect Storm
Conclusion
Chapter 8. Introducing How Right Now and Other Pandemic Communication Efforts
Developing How Right Now
Audience Research to Develop the Campaign
The Launch of a Campaign and How It Was Implemented
So Did the Campaign Work?
Other COVID-related Communication Campaigns
#AloneTogether Campaign (U.S.),
#BacktoSchoolTogether Campaign (U.S.)
Stay At Home Campaign (U.K.)
The #SafeHands Challenge (Global)
"It's Up to You" Campaign (U.S.)
#YoMeVacuno Campaign (Chile)-
"Mask Up America" Campaign (U.S.)
#StopAsianHate Movement (U.S.),
Conclusion
Chapter 9. Building a Team and a Communication Campaign in the Middle of a Global Pandemic
Principles of Team Development and Management
Having a Common Purpose,
Setting Clear Goals,
Communicating Often and Regularly,
Respecting Each Other,
Saying "Thank You",
A Few Final Notes on the Principles of Team Building
Building and Leading a Team in a Pandemic
Conclusion
Chapter 10. Conclusions, Lessons Learned, and a Vision for the Future
Lessons Learned
Communicating about Health Topics Is Hard
Context Matters
Investment in Public Health Infrastructure Is Critical
Declining Trust, Misinformation, Disinformation, and Digital Literacy Are Big Problems
We Need to Have More Compassion and Understanding for One Another
Developing a Vision for the Future of Pandemic Communication
Articulating My Vision for the Future of Pandemic Communication
Reconceptualizing the idea of "surveillance" to include ongoing non-epidemiological data collection
Embracing a more nimble, responsive, inclusive, and collaborative pandemic communication "culture"
Developing strategies and policies that address the mis- and disinformation crisis
Achieving This Vision
Conclusion
Notes
Index