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Clinical Neurology and Neuroanatomy: A Localization-Based Approach

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An Engagingly Written Text That Bridges the Gap Between Neuroanatomy and Clinical Neurology

Clinical Neurology and Neuroanatomy provides a clear, logical discussion of the relationship between neuroanatomy, clinical localization, and the diagnosis and treatment of neurologic disease. Written in a concise, conversational style, this unique text offers a valuable overview of fundamental neuroanatomy and the clinical localization principles necessary to diagnose and treat patients with neurologic diseases and disorders.

The text is divided into main sections. Part I teaches the neuroanatomy essential for clinical localization and demonstrates how to apply this knowledge to clinical reasoning in developing a differential diagnosis for common neurologic symptoms including weakness, sensory changes, visual loss, ataxia, diplopia, anisocoria, and dizziness. A detailed overview of the neurologic examination and a primer on interpretation of neurodiagnostic tests with a focus on neuroimaging and CSF analysis is also included.

Part II provides an up-to-date synthesis of the diagnosis and treatment of neurologic diseases including epilepsy, stroke, neurologic infections, demyelinating diseases, dementia, movement disorders, neurologic complications of cancer and its treatment, and conditions of the peripheral nervous system. More than 50 radiologic images of common and rare neurologic conditions and over 30 tables summarizing key aspects of various conditions and their treatment are featured.

Clinical Neurology and Neuroanatomy is an ideal companion for students on their neurology rotation, neurology residents, and any healthcare practitioner looking for a quick, clear, up-to-date resource in neurology.

NEW IN THE UPDATED AND EXPANDED SECOND EDITION

  • 26 new full-color neuroanatomy illustrations plus numerous high-resolution MRI and CTI scans
  • New sections on multiple cranial neuropathies, vertical diplopia, basal ganglia circuitry, functional movement disorders, neurologic complications of immune checkpoint inhibitors and CAR T-cell therapy, and antibody-mediated neurologic diseases
  • Updated and expanded tables including new treatments for seizures, multiple sclerosis, and migraine; recently described autoantibody-mediated conditions; and revised classification of brain tumors
  • Updated chapter on strokes reviews the latest clinical trial data on acute stroke treatments, use of dual antiplatelet regimens, and PFO closure

Author(s): Aaron L. Berkowitz
Edition: 2
Publisher: McGraw Hill
Year: 2022

Language: English
Pages: 384
City: New York

Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Contents
Foreword
Preface to the First Edition
Preface to the Second Edition
Acknowledgments
PART I NEUROANATOMY & NEUROANATOMIC LOCALIZATION
1 Diagnostic Reasoning in Neurology & the Neurologic History & Examination
Localization in Neurologic Diagnosis: Determining Where the Problem is
Time Course in Neurologic Diagnosis: Determining What the Problem is
Associated Symptoms & Signs in Neurologic Diagnosis
Introduction to the Neurologic Examination
2 Introduction to Neuroimaging & Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis
Neuroimaging in Clinical Practice
Overview of Neuroimaging Interpretation
Interpretation of Brain CT
Interpretation of Brain MRI
Contrast-Enhanced Neuroimaging
Vascular Imaging
Nuclear Medicine Studies: Positron Emission Tomography & Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography
Neuroimaging of the Spine
Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis
3 Overview of the Anatomy of the Nervous System
Central Nervous System (CNS) & Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Hemispheres & Lobes of the Brain
Gray Matter & White Matter of the Brain & Spinal Cord
The Meninges: Coverings of the Brain & Spinal Cord
The Cerebral Venous Sinuses
The Ventricular System & Cerebrospinal Fluid Flow
4 The Motor and Somatosensory Pathways & Approach to Weakness and Sensory Loss
The Corticospinal Tracts
The Corticobulbar Tracts
Somatosensory Pathways for the Body
Localization of Motor & Sensory Deficits
5 The Spinal Cord & Approach to Myelopathy
Overview of Spinal Cord Anatomy
Lamination of the Long Tracts in the Spinal Cord
Spinal Cord Syndromes
Spinal Cord Pathways for Bowel & Bladder Control
Causes of Myelopathy
6 The Visual Pathway & Approach to Visual Loss
Anatomy of the Visual Pathway
Approach to Visual Loss
Disorders of Visual Cognition
7 The Cerebral Hemispheres & Vascular Syndromes
Cortical Regions
Subcortical Structures: Thalamus & Basal Ganglia
Arterial Supply of the Cerebral Hemispheres
Clinical Syndromes Associated With Cerebral Vascular Territories
8 The Cerebellum & Approach to Ataxia
Anatomy & Function of the Cerebellum
Arterial Supply of the Cerebellum
Approach to Ataxia
9 The Brainstem & Cranial Nerves
Overview of Brainstem Anatomy
Clinical Applications of Brainstem Anatomy
10 Pupillary Control & Approach to Anisocoria Cranial Nerves 2 & 3
Pupillary Constriction: The Parasympathetic Pathway
Pupillary Dilation: The Sympathetic Pathway
Approach to Anisocoria and Other Pupillary Abnormalities
11 Extraocular Movements & Approach to Diplopia Cranial Nerves 3, 4, & 6
Extraocular Movements I: Muscles & Their Innervation
Extraocular Movements II: Cranial Nerves 3, 4, & 6
Extraocular Movements III: Supranuclear Control of Horizontal & Vertical Gaze
Approach to Diplopia
12 The Auditory and Vestibular Pathways & Approach to Hearing Loss and Dizziness/Vertigo Cranial Nerve 8
The Auditory System
Approach to Hearing Loss
The Vestibular System
Approach to Dizziness & Vertigo
13 Facial Sensory and Motor Pathways & Approach to Facial Sensory and Motor Deficits Cranial Nerves 5 & 7
Trigeminal Nerve (Cranial Nerve 5)
Facial Nerve (Cranial Nerve 7)
14 Cranial Nerves 1, 9, 10, 11, & 12
Cranial Nerve 1 (Olfactory Nerve)
Cranial Nerve 9 (Glossopharyngeal) & Cranial Nerve 10 (Vagus)
Cranial Nerve 11 (Spinal Accessory)
Cranial Nerve 12 (Hypoglossal)
15 The Peripheral Nervous System & Introduction to Electromyography/ Nerve Conduction Studies
Introduction to Anatomy & Diseases of the Peripheral Nervous System
Anatomy & Diseases of Nerve Roots: Radiculopathy
Diseases of Dorsal Root Ganglia: Ganglionopathy (Sensory Neuronopathy)
Diseases of the Brachial or Lumbosacral Plexus: Plexopathy
Diseases of Peripheral Nerves
Introduction to EMG & Nerve Conduction Studies
16 Radiculopathy, Plexopathy, & Mononeuropathies of the Upper Extremity
Neuroanatomy of the Upper Extremity
Cervical Radiculopathy & Cervical Stenosis
Brachial Plexopathy
Mononeuropathies of the Upper Extremity
17 Radiculopathy, Plexopathy, & Mononeuropathies of the Lower Extremity
Neuroanatomy of the Lower Extremity
Lumbosacral Radiculopathy & Lumbar Canal Stenosis
Lumbosacral Plexopathy
Mononeuropathies of the Lower Extremity
Approach to Foot Drop
PART II DISEASES OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
18 Seizures & Epilepsy
Definitions & Causes of Seizures & Epilepsy
Evaluation of Patients With Seizures
Clinical Features of Seizures
Electroencephalography (EEG) in the Evaluation of Seizures
Evaluation & Management of Patients After a First Seizure
Outpatient Management of Epilepsy
Special Scenarios in the Management of Seizures & Epilepsy
Status Epilepticus
19 Vascular Diseases of the Brain & Spinal Cord
Overview of Ischemic Stroke & Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Ischemic Stroke
Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Central Nervous System Vascular Malformations
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Intraventricular Hemorrhage
Subdural Hematoma
Epidural Hematoma
Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis & Cortical Vein Thrombosis
Other Cerebrovascular Disorders
Vascular Disease of the Spinal Cord
20 Infectious Diseases of the Nervous System
Meningitis
Viral Encephalitis
Focal Infectious Brain Lesions
Infections of the Spine
Infections of Nerve Roots
Infectious Peripheral Neuropathies
Infection at the Neuromuscular Junction: Botulism
Infectious Myositis
Neurologic Manifestations of HIV
21 Demyelinating Diseases of the Central Nervous System
Multiple Sclerosis
Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder
Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein (Mog) Antibody Disease
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis
Optic Neuritis
Transverse Myelitis
22 Delirium, Dementia, & Rapidly Progressive Dementia
Approach to Altered Cognition
Delirium
Dementia
Rapidly Progressive Dementia
23 Movement Disorders
Introduction to Movement Disorders
Tremor
Myoclonus
Chorea
Dystonia
Tics, Tourette’s Syndrome, & Sterotypies
Parkinsonism, Parkinson’s Disease, & Parkinson-Plus Syndromes
Functional Movement Disorders
Other Movement Disorders
24 Neoplastic and Paraneoplastic Disorders of the Nervous System & Neurologic Complications of Chemotherapy and Radiation Therapy
Intracranial Tumors
Tumors of the Spine
Tumors of the Cranial Nerves
Tumors of the Peripheral Nervous System
Neurocutaneous Syndromes & Associated Nervous System Neoplasms
Neurotoxicity of Chemotherapy & Radiation Therapy
Paraneoplastic/Antibody-Mediated Syndromes of the Nervous System
Cerebrovascular Complications of Cancer
25 Disorders of Intracranial Pressure
Increased Intracranial Pressure (Intracranial Hypertension)
Decreased Intracranial Pressure (Intracranial Hypotension)
26 Headache
Approach to Headache
Secondary Causes of Headache
Primary Headache Disorders
Other Causes of Headache
27 Peripheral Neuropathy
Classification & Differential Diagnosis of Peripheral Polyneuropathy
Acute Polyneuropathy
Chronic Polyneuropathy
28 Motor Neuron Disease
Overview of Motor Neuron Disease
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) & Its Variants
Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) & Spinal Bulbar Muscular Atrophy (Kennedy’s Disease)
29 Disorders of the Neuromuscular Junction
Myasthenia Gravis
Congenital Myasthenic Syndromes & Neonatal Myasthenia Gravis
Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome
30 Diseases of Muscle
Causes of Muscle Disease
Clinical Features of Muscle Disease
Laboratory Testing in Muscle Disease
Inflammatory Myopathies
Muscular Dystrophies
Distal Myopathies (Distal Muscular Dystrophies)
Congenital Muscular Dystrophies & Congenital Myopathies
Metabolic Myopathies
Mitochondrial Myopathies
Hyperkalemic & Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis
Muscle Disease Due to Systemic Diseases & Medications
31 Leukodystrophies & Mitochondrial Diseases
Leukodystrophies
Mitochondrial Diseases
Index